Simon Langham

His Eminence Simon Langham
Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury
Appointed	24 July 1366
Installed	unknown
Term ended	28 November 1368
Predecessor	William Edington
Successor	William Whittlesey
Other posts	Bishop of Ely
Orders
Consecration	20 March 1362
Personal details
Born	1310
Died	22 July 1376
Buried	Westminster Abbey

Simon de Langham (1310 – 22 July 1376) was an English clergyman who was Archbishop of Canterbury and a cardinal.

Life

Langham was born at Langham in Rutland. The manor of Langham was a property of Westminster Abbey, and he had become a monk in the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter at Westminster by 1346, and later prior and then abbot of this house.^[1]

Treasurer of England

In November 1360, Langham was made Treasurer of England^[2] and on 10 January 1362 he became Bishop of Ely and was consecrated on 20 March 1362.^[3] During his time as Bishop of Ely he was a major benefactor of Peterhouse, Cambridge, giving them the rectory of Cherry Hinton.^[4] He resigned the Treasurership before 20 February 1363,^[2] and was appointed Chancellor of England on 21 February 1363.^[5]

Archbishop of Canterbury

He was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury on 24 July 1366.^[6]

Perhaps the most interesting incident in Langham's primacy was when he drove the secular clergy from their college of Canterbury Hall, Oxford, and filled their places with monks. The expelled head of the seculars was a certain John de Wiclif, who has been identified with the great reformer Wycliffe.

Notwithstanding the part Langham as Chancellor had taken in the anti-papal measures of 1365 and 1366, he was made cardinal of San Sisto Vecchio by Pope Urban V in 1368. This step lost him the favour of Edward III; two months later, he resigned his archbishopric and went to Avignon.^[6] He had already resigned the chancellorship on 18 July 1367.^[5] He was soon allowed to hold other although less exalted positions in England.

Death

In 1374, he was elected Archbishop of Canterbury for the second time, but he withdrew his claim and died at Avignon on 22 July 1376.

Langham left the residue of his large estate and his library to Westminster Abbey, and has been called its second founder. His bequest paid for the building of the western section of the nave. Langham's tomb, the work of Henry Yevele, is the oldest monument to an ecclesiastic in the Abbey.

Citations

↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 105
1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 104
↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 244
↑ "Lyson's Magna Britanica Vol II" The Monthly Review January–April 1812 p. 21
1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 86
1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Langham, Simon". Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 174.
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Langham, Simon (DNB00)

Political offices
Preceded by John Sheppey	Lord High Treasurer 1360–1363	Succeeded by John Barnet
Preceded by William Edington	Lord Chancellor 1363–1367	Succeeded by William of Wykeham
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Thomas de Lisle	Bishop of Ely 1362–1366	Succeeded by John Barnet
Preceded by William Edington	Archbishop of Canterbury 1366–1368	Succeeded by William Whittlesey

Archbishops of Canterbury
Pre-Conquest	Augustine Laurence Mellitus Justus Honorius Deusdedit Wighard Theodore of Tarsus Berhtwald Tatwine Nothhelm Cuthbert Bregowine Jænberht Æthelhard Wulfred Feologild Ceolnoth Æthelred Plegmund Athelm Wulfhelm Oda Ælfsige Byrhthelm Dunstan Æthelgar Sigeric the Serious Ælfric of Abingdon Ælfheah Lyfing Æthelnoth Eadsige Robert of Jumièges Stigand
Conquest–Reformation	Lanfranc Anselm Ralph d'Escures William de Corbeil Theobald of Bec Thomas Becket Roger de Bailleul Richard of Dover Baldwin of Forde Reginald Fitz Jocelin Hubert Walter Reginald John de Gray Stephen Langton Walter d'Eynsham Richard le Grant Ralph Neville John of Sittingbourne John Blund Edmund of Abingdon Boniface William Chillenden Robert Kilwardby Robert Burnell John Peckham Robert Winchelsey Thomas Cobham Walter Reynolds Simon Mepeham John de Stratford John de Ufford Thomas Bradwardine Simon Islip William Edington Simon Langham William Whittlesey Simon Sudbury William Courtenay Thomas Arundel Roger Walden Thomas Arundel Henry Chichele John Stafford John Kemp Thomas Bourchier John Morton Thomas Langton Henry Deane William Warham Thomas Cranmer Reginald Pole
Post-Reformation	Matthew Parker Edmund Grindal John Whitgift Richard Bancroft George Abbot William Laud William Juxon Gilbert Sheldon William Sancroft John Tillotson Thomas Tenison William Wake John Potter Thomas Herring Matthew Hutton Thomas Secker Frederick Cornwallis John Moore Charles Manners-Sutton William Howley John Bird Sumner Charles Longley Archibald Campbell Tait Edward White Benson Frederick Temple Randall Davidson Cosmo Lang William Temple Geoffrey Fisher Michael Ramsey Donald Coggan Robert Runcie George Carey Rowan Williams Justin Welby
Italics indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.

Bishops of Ely
High Medieval	Hervey le Breton Nigel Geoffrey Ridel William Longchamp Eustace Robert of York John of Fountains Geoffrey de Burgh Hugh of Northwold William of Kilkenny Hugh de Balsham John Kirkby William of Louth John Salmon/John Langton Ralph Walpole
Late Medieval	Robert Orford John Ketton John Hotham Simon Montacute Thomas de Lisle Simon Langham John Barnet Thomas Arundel John Fordham Philip Morgan Lewis of Luxembourg Thomas Bourchier William Grey John Morton John Alcock
Early modern	Richard Redman James Stanley Nicholas West Thomas Goodrich Thomas Thirlby Richard Cox Martin Heton Lancelot Andrewes Nicholas Felton John Buckeridge Francis White Matthew Wren Benjamin Lany Peter Gunning Francis Turner Simon Patrick John Moore William Fleetwood Thomas Green Robert Butts Thomas Gooch Matthias Mawson Edmund Keene James Yorke
Late modern	Thomas Dampier Bowyer Sparke Joseph Allen Thomas Turton Harold Browne James Woodford Lord Alwyne Compton Frederic Chase Leonard White-Thomson Bernard Heywood Edward Wynn Noel Hudson Edward Roberts Peter Walker Stephen Sykes Anthony Russell

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 74212508 LCCN: no2005078990 ISNI: 0000 0001 1448 0605 GND: 1031911197 IATH: w6z9919g

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