Siege of Azekah

Siege of Azekah
Part of Sennacherib's campaign in Judah
Azekah Inscription
Date 701 BCE Location Azekah, Israel Result Assyrian victory Azekah captured
Belligerents
Neo-Assyrian Empire	Kingdom of Judah
Commanders and leaders
Sennacherib	Unknown
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Heavy

The Siege of Azekah was a battle between Assyria and Judah. It preceded the Siege of Lachish, making it the first known clash between the two kingdoms during Sennacherib's campaign in Judah.

Background

Several kingdoms in the Levant ceased to pay taxes for the Assyrian King, Sennacherib, as a result, he set out on a campaign to once again subjugate the rebelling Kingdoms, among them the Jewish King, Hezekiah. After defeating the rebels of Ekron in Philistia he set out to subjugate Judah and in his way to Jerusalem he came across Azekah, among the most important Jewish cities.

Battlefield

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  The hill

Azekah is situated on a hill. It was walled, as were other important Jewish cities.

Forces of each side

The Assyrian army

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  Sennacherib at the head of his army
• 
  Modern drawing of Assyrian troops as seen in Assyrian reliefs
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  Assyrian troops with a siege engine

The Assyrian Army was the most effective force of its time and was divided mostly into three different categories:

• Infantry, which included both close-combat troops using spears, and archers. There were also hired mercenaries throwing stones. The infantry was highly trained and worked alongside military engineers in order to breach sieges.
• Cavalry, the Assyrian cavalry was among the finest in the ancient middle east and included both close-combat cavalry with spears and mounted archers which could both use the agility of the horses alongside long-range attacks.
• Chariots, which weren't used as much in sieges but more in regular land-engagements.

The Jewish army

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  Modern depiction of a Jewish King and troops

The Jewish military force was insignificant compared to the professional and massive Assyrian army and mostly included local militias and mercenaries. There were barely any cavalrymen and chariots in the Jewish army, which mostly included infantry, either for close combat (spearmen) or long range combat (archers); they were also significantly less organized.

The battle

The battle is depicted in the Azekah Inscription, in which Sennacherib mentions some details about the battle. He mentions that he used battering rams to bring down the walls which was followed by close quarters combat between the different sides' infantry. Afterwards Sennacherib ordered his cavalry to charge into the city, which led many of the defenders to run away.

Sennacherib then looted the city and burnt it down.

Aftermath

After the destruction and looting of the city Sennacherib then continued with his army further into Judah, where he once again commanded his army in the Siege of Lachish.

Ancient sources

Azekah Inscription