Shughni language

Shughni
Shugnan-Rushan
xuǧnůn ziv/хуг̌ну̊н зив
Native to Tajikistan, Afghanistan
Native speakers
 (50,000 Shughni proper, ca. 75,000 all varieties cited 1990)[1]
Dialects
Arabic, Cyrillic, Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 sgh
Glottolog shug1248[2]

Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group.[3][1] Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan.[3]

Shughni tends towards SOV word order, distinguishes a masculine and a feminine gender in nouns and some adjectives as well as the 3rd person singular of verbs. Shughni distinguishes between an absolutive and an oblique case in its system of pronouns. The Rushani dialect is noted for a typologically unusual 'double-oblique' construction, also called a 'transitive case', in the past tense.

Dialects

Rushani, Bartangi, Oroshor (Roshorvi), Khufi, and Shughni proper are considered to be dialects. However, Bartangi and Khufi are quite distinct, and may be separate languages.

Vocabulary

Chart of Sounds in Shughni
Letter English equivalent Usage in Shugni
A/aapple, angrybad, akuniath, aram, anor
Aa/aaHarvard, marchxhaab, daav, zamunaa, baad
Ai/aibite, firetaiyor, arai, aiyuum, maile
B/bbig, ablebiyor, balad, abor
Ch/chchurch, chairchiiz, chiid, choi, chorik
D/ddead, drieddaak, diidor, murd, darc
Dh/dhthis, motherdhid, dhust, dhud, pidhid, podh
Dz/dzbuds, ladsdzulik, pindz, wixhidz, majhdzuunj
E/eelephant, eggelak, qate, qine, biide
Ee/eesame as above but longertseem, teez, deer, Apreel
Ey/eyaid, ancientpeydow, xheydow,
Ff/ff fat, rooffort, famtow, faand, boft
G/hgirl, biggaap, gandaa, gardha, yiga
Gh/ghghaats, ghalat, bogh, shagh
I/ibig, liftnist, yiwath, khirs, chis
Ii/iifeet, beattiidow, miidow, shiintow, zhiiwj
J/jjam, bargejumla, jazo, majlis, ajab
Jh/jhjhinik, saajh, majh, sipajh
K/kbook, kitkitob, maak, tukmaa, kiinaa
Kh/khloch, Khorog khaat, sakht, bakht, kharid
L/llike, feellap, liing, tambal, balad
M/mmouse, meet mund, tamand, famtow, shaam
N/nnut, meannaan, qand, fanaa, baandak
O/opot, shopoyandaa, ofarin, boft, nolaan
Oo/ooboot, poodlenoor, joor, mood, moon
P/ppaint, topparwiin, lap, pardhedow, pool
Q/qQuranqamoch, qand, nuqtaa, qiin
R/rrabbit, robraang, tsarang, roosht, rukhsat
S/ssit, misssarake, baas, kasal, safar
Sh/shshout, bushshamol, maash, bashand, shogird
T/ttitle, timetavaar, turd, sust, chust
Th/ththink, mothachath, khobath, aquniath, thiir
Ts/tsblitz, fitstsavor, buts, tsarang, xhats
U/ulook, shouldduzd, mund, tuid, buts
Uu/uuearn, fernluuvd, uun, yuudand, okhiruun
V/vvet, leaveviidow, yelav, vaz, virod
W/wfew, waitchiidow, wiintow, boware, wazmin
Xh/xhxheidow, xhats, tuxhna, duxhman
Y/yyellow, yetyordam, yelav, oyandaa, boyad
Z/zzoo, blazezamiin, bozor, zardak, ziird
Zh/zhpleasure, de ja vuzholaa, zhiiwj, ghazhd, zhow

Phonology

Vowels

FrontCentralBack
Close i iːu
Near-close ɪʊ
Close-mid e eːo oː
Mid əː
Open-mid ɛɔ
Open a

Consonants[4]

Labial Dental Alveolar Alveolo-
palatal		 Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d k ɡ q
Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ χ ʁ h
Approximant l j w
Rhotic r

Literature

References

  1. 1 2 Shughni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Shughni". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. 1 2 Karamšoev, Dodchudo K. (1988-99). Šugnansko-russkij slovar. 3 vols. Moskva: Nauka. ISBN 5-02-016991-9 (Vol. 2), ISBN 5-02-018101-3 /ISBN 5-02-017858-6 (Vol. 3)
  4. ↑ http://people.umass.edu/ellenw/shughni%20vowels%20and%20consonants.pdf


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