Shogi notation

Game record of a shogi game

Shogi notation is the set of various abbreviatory notational systems used to describe the piece movements of a shogi game record or the positions of pieces on a shogi board.

A game record is called a 棋譜 kifu in Japanese.

Recording moves

Western notation

The system used in English language texts to express shogi moves was established by George Hodges and Glyndon Townhill in 1976 by the second issue of Shogi magazine.[1][lower-alpha 1] It is derived from the algebraic notation used for chess, but differs in several respects.[2][3] A typical move might be notated P-8f or P87. The notation format has the following 5 part structure:

1 2 3 4 5
piece (origin) movement destination (promotion)

An example using all 5 parts is S7bx8c+. All parts are obligatory except for the origin and promotion parts. (Thus, most notation strings only contain 3 parts.) The origin part is only indicated when needed to resolve ambiguity. The promotion part is only needed when there is the possibility of promotion.

Western notation is not used in Japanese language texts, as it is no more concise than traditional notation with kanji and two ciphers which originated in Edo period.

Piece

The first letter represents the piece moved: P for Pawn. Below are the abbreviations used.

Abbreviation English Term Japanese
P pawn
L lance
N knight
S silver
G gold
B bishop
R rook
K king 玉/王

Promoted pieces are indicated by a + preceding the letter. For example, +P is a promoted pawn (と tokin), +R is a promoted rook (that is, a dragon 龍).

Ambiguity resolution: Origin coordinates

In cases where the moving piece is ambiguous, the starting square is added after the letter for the piece but before the movement indication.

For example, in diagrams below, Black has three golds which can move to square 7h. Thus, simply notating G-7h is not enough to indicate the move. The three possible moves are distinguished via the origin specification as G7g-7h, G6h-7h, or G7i-7h.

Ambiguity Resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
        h
        i
pieces in hand:
start position

Ambiguity Resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
G7g-7h

Ambiguity Resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
G6h-7h

Ambiguity Resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
G7i-7h

Movement type

Following the abbreviation for the piece is a symbol for the type of move. There are 3 different indications:

Notation Symbol Movement Type
- simple movement
x capture (opponent's piece)
* or drop (your own piece)

As examples, P-2d indicates moving one's pawn to the 2d square (without capture), Px2d indicates moving one's pawn to the 2d square and capturing the opponent's piece that was on 2d, and P*2d indicates dropping one's pawn in hand to the previously empty 2d square. (Note the x indication is a significant departure from Japanese notation, which has no way of signaling whether a piece was captured.)

There is some variation for the drop symbol. A * (asterisk) is often used, but some books (e.g. Hosking 1997) use a (apostrophe) instead.

The simple movement indication (the hyphen -) is not used in some variations such as Hosking (1997).

Destination coordinates

After the movement piece indication is the square on which the piece lands. This is indicated by a numeral for the file (1–9) and a lowercase letter for the rank (a–i), with 1a being the top right corner from Black's perspective and 9i being the bottom left corner. This is based partly on Japanese notation conventions.

Promotion status

If a move entitles the player to promote, then a + is added to the end if the promotion was taken or an = if it was declined. For example, Nx7c= indicates an unpromoted knight capturing on 7c without promoting while Nx7c+ indicates an unpromoted knight capturing on 7c and promoting. The promotion status is always omitted in situations where promotion is not possible. When promotion is possible, then the promotion status is obligatorily notated.

Other conventions

Game moves in western notation are always numbered (unlike Japanese game records). Additionally, what is numbered are the pairs of two moves – the first move by Black, the second by White – instead of numbering each move by each player. This also differs from the Japanese system. For instance, three pairs of moves (or six individual moves) are numbered as 1. P-7f P-3d 2. P-2f P-4d 3. S-4h S-3b. However, in the British Shogi magazine of the 1970s and 1980s, the pair number convention was not used for tsumeshogi problems, where the each player's move is number just as in the Japanese notation conventions.

Following western chess conventions, omitted moves are indicated with an ... ellipsis. As a consequence of the way moves are numbered in the western system, all moves by White are notated with an ellipsis prefix in texts. For example, ... P-5e indicates a move by White while P-5e indicates a move by Black. In handicap games, White plays first, so Black's first move is replaced by an ellipsis. For example, 1. ... G-3b 2. P-7f G-7b.

Japanese notation

Japanese notation (shown on the left, listed vertically) accompanying a 15-move checkmate (tsume) problem. Note the lack of numbered moves and the lack of both explicit dropped piece notation and capture notation. From the book 詰むや詰まざるや (Tsumu ya tsumazaru ya) (1975) by 伊藤宗看 (Sōkan Itō) [1706–1761], a shogi Meijin of the Edo period, and 門脇芳雄 (Yoshio Kadowaki).

The earliest way to indicate game records in Japan during the Edo period was to use descriptive sentences such as Open the bishop's diagonal, push the rook's pawn, close the bishop's diagonal and the like. Soon afterward, a notational system was developed which is mostly the same as what is used in the presentday in Japan.[4]

Current standard


In Japanese notation, the notation string has the following five-part format:[5][6][7]

1 2 3 4 5
(player side) destination piece (movement) (promotion)

A typical move is indicated like 8六歩 (= P-8f). An example that uses all five parts is ☗8三銀引成 (which could be either S7b-8c+ or S7bx8c+ in western notation). The player's side information is optional and the movement and promotion indications are only used in order to resolve ambiguity.

Player's side

It is common for the white (gote) and black (sente) player to be indicated at the beginning of the notation string with either black and white triangles (▲/△) or shogi-piece-shaped pentagons (☗/☖) , such as ▲7六歩△3四歩▲2六歩△3二金 or ☗7六歩☖3四歩☗2六歩☖3二金. However, this is not obligatory: several books notate shogi moves without explicit indication of which player is making the moves. (See the adjacent image for an example.) In such cases, knowing which player the move refers to can be determined by the context in the book. This white/black convention is more common when the moves are not numbered (which is also optional to notate).

Destination coordinates

For the board's coordinates, the file is indicated with an Arabic numeral followed by the rank indicated with a Japanese numeral (instead of a letter like in the western system). For example, square 2c in Japanese notation is 2三.

Japanese numeral Japanese pronunciation Arabic equivalent Western equivalent
ichi a
ni b
san c
yon d
go e
roku f
nana g
hachi h
kyū i
or onajiku (same)

Earlier (for instance, in the Edo period), only Japanese numerals were used.

There is also an abbreviatory convention: when a piece moves to the same coordinates as the previous move's piece (as in a capture), the position is simply indicated with (which is pronounced ) instead of the file-rank coordinate numbers. For example, if Black's pawn moved to a square in which White's pawn captured Black's pawn and then both players' bishops recaptured followed by a rook recapture, this could be notated as ☗2四歩 ☖同歩 ☗同角 ☖同角 ☗同飛 which would be equivalent to the western notation sequence 1. P-2d Px2d, 2. Bx2d Bx2d, 3. Rx2d. An alternate symbol is used instead of in older books.[8][9]

It is also possible to encounter Roman numerals for both the file and rank coordinates, such as ☗24歩 instead of ☗2四歩.

Piece

Pieces are indicated with kanji (instead of letters as in the western system). The piece's kanji follows the piece's board coordinates. The following symbols are used.

Japanese Western Japanese Western
P +P
L 成香 +L
N 成桂 +N
S 成銀 +S
B +B
R +R
G K
(n/a)    

Promoted pieces are indicated with a prefix except for the promoted pawn, promoted bishop, and promoted rook, which are , , , respectively. is used instead of in some older texts.[10]

In tsumeshogi, the character is used essentially as a variable that represents a piece of any value.

Ambiguity resolution: Movement description

When there is ambiguity in piece movement, there is a complex system of movement description using the symbols below. The movement descriptors consist of (a) a dropped piece indicator, (b) movement toward destination indicators, and (c) movement origin indicators.

Movement notation Meaning
dropped
downward
horizontally
upward
moving from right (going leftwards)
moving from left (going rightwards)
perpendicularly vertical (gold/silver only)
upward (dragon/horse)
upward (dragon/horse)

The symbol for a dropped piece is following the piece's character. In the usual course of a game, most dropped pieces will probably be unambiguous. In these unambiguous cases, explicit notation for the dropped piece is not required and usually omitted (unlike in western notation where the drop notation is obligatory). For example, a western notation such as P*2c will be notated simply as 2三歩 instead of 2三歩打. In other situations, there is a possibility that either a piece that is already in play on the board can move to a certain square or a piece of the same kind that is held in hand can be dropped to that square. In this case, when the piece on the board moves to that square, the notation simply notates the move as usual with no drop indication. However, when the piece in hand is dropped to that location, then the drop indication must be present in the notation in order to resolve the ambiguity. In other words, is only used when the following two conditions are met: (i) a piece is dropped and (ii) there is ambiguity with another piece on the board.

For ambiguity resolution with pieces on the board, the main notation symbols are for upward movement, for horizontal movement, and for downward movement. Note that these three indicators describe movement toward their destination square.

In the example below, three golds can move to the 7八 (= 7h) square. The gold that originates on 7七 (= 7g) and moves down is notated as 7八金引 (= G7g-7h). The other two possibilities are notated as 7八金寄 (= G6h-7h) and 7八金上 (= G7i-7h).

Ambiguity resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
        h
        i
pieces in hand:
start position

Ambiguity resolution: 引
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
7八金引

Ambiguityresolution: 寄
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
7八金寄

Ambiguity resolution: 上
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
        g
       h
        i
pieces in hand:
7八金上

The and indicate downward and upward movement, respectively, that can be both vertical as well as diagonal.

Ambiguity resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
        d
         e
         f
         g
        h
         i
pieces in hand:
start position

Ambiguity resolution: 引
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
        d
        e
        f
         g
        h
         i
pieces in hand:
6六角引

Ambiguity resolution: 上
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
        d
         e
        f
        g
        h
         i
pieces in hand:
6六角上

There are two less common alternate symbols used instead of : and . However, these alternate symbols are reserved for indicating only the two most powerful promoted dragon 龍 and horse 馬 pieces. Thus, 5五龍行 or 5五龍入 instead of 5五龍上, but not 5五金行 or 5五金入.

In certain situations, an indication of movement toward the destination square (that is, with , , ) is not sufficient to resolve ambiguity. In these cases, the origin square of the piece is notated with a relative positional indicator. These are for a piece moving from a right square (and thus moving leftward) and for a piece moving from a left square (rightward).

Ambiguity resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
       f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
start position

Ambiguity resolution: 右
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
       f
        g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5七銀右

Ambiguity resolution: 左
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
       f
        g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5七銀左

This positional information is relative to each player's directions. Thus, △5二金右 ("white 5-2 gold right") refers to the silver on the right from White's perspective (which would be on the left from Black's perspective).

Player's perspective
pieces in hand:
987654321 
       a
         b
         c
         d
         e
         f
         g
         h
       i
pieces in hand:
start position

Player's perspective
pieces in hand:
987654321 
       a
        b
         c
         d
         e
         f
         g
        h
       i
pieces in hand:
☗5八右 ☖5二右

In the special case of golds and silvers as well as promoted pieces with gold-like movements (成銀, 成桂, 成香, と), it is possible for there to be a three-way ambiguity in upward movement. In this case, a third positional origin indicator is used: for vertical (straight up) movement.

Ambiguity resolution
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
         e
      f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
start position

Ambiguity resolution: 左
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
        e
      f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5五金左

Ambiguity resolution: 直
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
        e
      f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5五金直

Ambiguity resolution: 右
pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
         d
        e
      f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5五金右

Additionally, this indicator tends to always be used for vertical movement even when simply using ("right") and ("left") would suffice. Relatedly, tends to be used only for golds and silvers and not for other pieces.

pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
         c
       d
         e
       f
         g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
start position

pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
        c
       d
         e
        f
       g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5六銀左 5三龍左

pieces in hand:
987654321 
         a
         b
        c
       d
         e
        f
       g
         h
         i
pieces in hand:
5六銀直 5三龍右

Promotion

A piece that promotes is indicated with following the piece's character, such as 7三桂成 (N-7c+). If a piece does not promote, this is indicated with 不成 following the piece's character, such as 7三桂不成 (N-7c=). There is an alternate symbol for unpromotion: is sometimes used instead of 不成.

Numbering

Unlike western notation, numbering Japanese game records is not obligatory. Although players' moves often aren't numbered, shogi moves are always counted per player's move. This is commonly seen in checkmate problems where a 3-move 3手 checkmate problem would mean a move sequence of black-white-black. This is unlike western chess which counts each pair of moves as one move. (In western notation for shogi, the move numbering tends to follow western chess notation conventions.)

Game end

Shogi games are officially over when a player formally resigns. The resignation is notated as 投了 tōryō. Other possible endings include rare 千日手 Repetition Draw, 反則手 Illegal Move, and the very rare 持将棋 Impasse Draw.

Other conventions
A game record from a 1839 Right Lance handicap game between Kenko Ishimoto (石本検校) who is Black (shitate) and Ryusetsu Ohashi (大橋柳雪) who is White. The game record uses shorthand notation. For example, the first move indicated is 七六丶 with the numerals read from right-to-left. This would be written in the standard notation as 7六歩. However, typically, White is notated as the top player these days, so this would be notated more typically as △3四歩 with the western equivalent as 1. ...P-3d.

Unlike western notation, a capture of a piece is never explicitly notated in the Japanese system since the capture can be understood in the context of the game.

Shorthand

In addition to the usual kanji symbols, there are also shorthand versions of piece symbols that can be written very quickly.[11][12] For several of the symbols, there is variation in what shorthand symbol is used – the ones listed here may not be exhaustive of all the alternatives used in Japan.

Regular Symbol Shorthand
丶, フ, ゝ, ・
禾, キ, ↑
ウ, マ
ヒ, 乙
立, リ
玉, ○
不成 フナ
, ド, -

Iroha notation

An notation used in older times was the iroha notation.[13] It used the syllables of the Japanese poem Iroha (いろは歌) (as well as other Japanese characters) to label each square on the shogi board.

Iroha coordinate labels
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i

For example, the 2c square was indicated by the symbol . Tokugawa Ieharu (the tenth shogun 1760–1786) favored this notational system. Therefore, it was used for all castle game records during his reign.

Kitao–Kawasaki notation

The Kitao–Kawasaki notation is a hybrid notation introduced by the Nekomado publishing company in English translations of shogi books by Madoka Kitao and Takashi Kaneko.[14] The system incorporates elements of both the western and the Japanese notation systems.

The order of elements is the same as the western system except that a player's side argument is added.

1 2 3 4 5 6
player's side piece (origin) movement (destination) (promotion)

A typical move is indicated like ☗歩-86 (= P-8f). An example that uses all 6 parts is ☗銀(72)x83+ (S7bx8c+ in western notation).

1. Player's Side. Like the Japanese system, the black and white shogi pieces ☗ and ☖ are used.

2. Piece. Like the Japanese system, the character for the shogi pieces are used. For promoted pieces, pieces that are notated with 成 in Japanese notation are notated with the western symbol + instead. However, unlike the western system, this convention is not used for the pawn, bishop, or rook.

Kitao–Kawasaki English Term Western Japanese
promoted pawn +P
+香 promoted lance +L 成香
+桂 promoted knight +N 成桂
+銀 promoted silver +S 成銀
promoted bishop +B
promoted rook +R

3. Ambiguity Resolution: Origin Coordinates. In cases where the moving piece is ambiguous, the starting square coordinates enclosed in parentheses are added to the string. This is only indicated when needed to resolve ambiguity. Thus, following the example used above, 金(77)-78 is equivalent to western G7g-7h and Japanese 7八金引, 金(68)-78 equivalent to G6h-7h and 7八金寄, and 金(79)-78 equivalent to G7i-7h and 7八金上.

4. Movement Type. The three movement types (-, x, *) are the same as in the western system. Thus: 歩-24, 歩x24, 歩*24. Like the western system (but unlike the Japanese system), this movement indication is obligatory in all contexts.

5. Destination Coordinates. Indicates which square a piece is moved to.

Like the Japanese system, rank (row) coordinates are indicated with a numeral (and not a letter). However, Arabic numerals are used instead of Japanese numerals. For example, 76 is equivalent to western 7g and Japanese 7六.

When a piece is moved to the same location as the preceding piece (in a capture), the designation coordinates are omitted. This is similar to the use of 同 in the Japanese system. For example, the sequence ☗歩-24 ☖歩x ☗角x ☖角x ☗飛x would be equivalent to western 1. P-2d Px2d, 2. Bx2d Bx2d, 3. Rx2d and Japanese ☗2四歩☖同歩☗同角☖同角☗同飛.

6. Promotion Status. The symbols + and = are used as in the western system.

Other conventions. Like the Japanese system, the numbering of moves is not obligatory. The ellipsis (...) notation for White's moves in the western system is not needed (as is used instead).

Comparison examples

Notation Example 1
Board after 44 moves
 
Gote/White
Pieces-in-hand: 銀歩歩歩歩
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Sente/Black
Pieces-in-hand: 銀歩歩

As an example, a Tempo Loss Bishop Exchange game might proceed and be notated like this:[15]

Notation Example 1
Western-style Notation Japanese-style Notation
1. P-7f   P-3d
2. P-2f   G-3b
3. G-7h   P-8d
4. P-2e   Bx8h+
5. Sx8h   S-2b
6. S-3h   S-3c
7. P-3f   S-7b
8. K-6h   P-6d
9. S-3g   P-8e
10. S-4f   P-8f
11. Px8f   Rx8f
12. P-2d   Px2d
13. N-7g   R-8b
14. P-3e   Px3e
15. Sx3e   P-7d
16. Sx2d   Sx2d
17. Rx2d   P*2c
18. R-2f   P-7e
19. P*8c   Sx8c
20. B*6c   B*7d
21. B-1h+   Bx4g+
22. G-5h   +B-1d
1. 7六歩 (7-6 P)   2. 3四歩 (3-4 P)
3. 2六歩 (2-6 P)   4. 3二金 (3-2 G)
5. 7八金 (7-8 G)   6. 8四歩 (8-4 P)
7. 2五歩 (2-5 P)   8. 8八角成 (8-8 B promote)
9. 同 銀 (same S)   10. 2二銀 (2-2 S)
11. 3八銀 (3-8 S)   12. 3三銀 (3-3 S)
13. 3六歩 (3-6 P)   14. 7二銀 (7-2 S)
15. 6八玉 (6-8 K)   16. 6四歩 (6-4 P)
17. 3七銀 (3-7 S)   18. 8五歩 (8-5 P)
19. 4六銀 (4-6 S)   20. 8六歩 (8-6 P)
21. 同 歩 (same P)   22. 同 飛 (same R)
23. 2四歩 (2-4 P)   24. 同 歩 (same P)
25. 7七桂 (7-7 N)   26. 8二飛 (8-2 R)
27. 3五歩 (3-5 P)   28. 同 歩 (same P)
29. 同 銀 (same S)   30. 7四歩 (7-4 P)
31. 2四銀 (2-4 S)   32. 同 銀 (same S)
33. 同 飛 (same R)   34. 2三歩打 (2-3 P drop)
35. 2六飛 (2-6 R)   36. 7五歩 (7-5 P)
37. 8三歩打 (8-3 P drop)   38. 同 銀 (same S)
39. 6三角打 (6-3 B drop)   40. 7四角打 (7-4 B drop)
41. 1八角成 (1-8 B promote)   42. 4七角成 (4-7 B promote)
43. 5八金 (5-8 G)   44. 1四馬 (1-4 horse)
Notation Example 2
Board after 37 moves
 
Gote/White
Pieces-in-hand: 銀歩
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Sente/Black
Pieces-in-hand: 歩歩

Below is another notated game (Quick Ishida opening) showing the more typical Japanese notation where moves are not numbered, dropped pieces are not indicated, and white/black turns are marked.[16] It also shows an example of ambiguity resolution (G6i-5h/5八金左) and a piece entering a promotion zone that remains unpromoted (Sx2c=/2三銀不成).

Notation Example 2
Western (Hodges) Western (Hosking) Japanese Kitao–Kawasaki
1. P-7f   P-3d
2. P-7e   P-3e
3. R-7h   R-3b
4. G6i-5h   G4a-5b
5. K-4h   P-1d
6. P-1f   K-6b
7. P-4f   P-6d
8. G-4g   S-7b
9. S-3h   K-7a
10. K-3i   S-4b
11. P-9f   P-4d
12. S-6h   S-4c
13. P-6f   S-5d
14. S-6g   R-4b
15. S-5f   P-4e
16. Px4e   Sx4e
17. Sx4e   Rx4e
18. S*3d   R-4a
19. Sx2c=   ...
1. P76   P34
2. P75   P35
3. R78   R32
4. G69-58   G41-52
5. K48   P14
6. P16   K62
7. P46   P64
8. G47   S72
9. S38   K71
10. K39   S42
11. P96   P44
12. S68   S43
13. P66   S54
14. S67   R42
15. S56   P45
16. Px45   Sx45
17. Sx45   Rx45
18. S’34   R41
19. Sx23=   ...
☗7六歩 ☖3四歩
☗7五歩 ☖3五歩
☗7八飛 ☖3二飛
☗5八金左 ☖5二金左
☗4八玉 ☖1四歩
☗1六歩 ☖6二王
☗4六歩 ☖6四歩
☗4七金 ☖7二銀
☗3八銀 ☖7一王
☗3九玉 ☖4二銀
☗9六歩 ☖4四歩
☗6八銀 ☖4三銀
☗6六歩 ☖5四銀
☗6七銀 ☖4二飛
☗5六銀 ☖4五歩
☗同 歩 ☖同 銀
☗同 銀 ☖同 飛
☗3四銀 ☖4一飛
☗2三銀不成
☗歩-76 ☖歩-34
☗歩-75 ☖歩-35
☗飛-78 ☖飛-32
☗金(69)-58 ☖金(41)-52
☗玉-48 ☖歩-14
☗歩-16 ☖王-62
☗歩-46 ☖歩-64
☗金-47 ☖銀-72
☗銀-38 ☖玉-71
☗玉-39 ☖銀-42
☗歩-96 ☖歩-44
☗銀-68 ☖銀-43
☗歩-66 ☖銀-54
☗銀-67 ☖飛-42
☗銀58 ☖歩-45
☗歩x ☖銀x
☗銀x ☖飛x
☗銀*34 ☖飛-41
☗銀x23=

Recording positions

SFEN

SFEN is an extension of Forsyth–Edwards Notation (FEN) used for describing board positions of shogi games.

Formally, an SFEN is a text string of ASCII characters. It has three fields that are separated by a space. The fields:

  1. Piece placement on the board from Black's perspective
  2. Who had the last move
  3. Pieces in hand
Corresponding board
pieces in hand:
987654321 
  a
      b
  c
       d
        e
        f
  g
      h
  i
pieces in hand:

The following is an example (from a Tempo Loss Bishop Exchange opening)

lnsgk2nl/1r4gs1/p1pppp1pp/1p4p2/7P1/2P6/PP1PPPP1P/1SG4R1/LN2KGSNL b Bb

In this example, the first field is lnsgk2nl/1r4gs1/p1pppp1pp/1p4p2/7P1/2P6/PP1PPPP1P/1SG4R1/LN2KGSNL, the second is b, and the last is Bb.

For the first field, each piece is represented with a single letter. White's pieces are lowercase letters while Black's pieces are uppercase letters. The set of letters used are the same as the ones used in western notation (i.e., p, +p, l, +l, n, +n, s, +s, g, b, +b, r, +r, k). Each rank is separated by a forward slash (/). The listing of ranks is from top (rank A) to bottom (rank i), and the order to pieces is from file 9 to file 1 (in other words, from left to right as viewed on typical shogi diagram with White as the top player and Black as the bottom player). Empty squares are indicated with numeral corresponding to the number of adjacent empty squares on the same rank. In the example, the first rank A is lnsgk2nl which indicates sequence of lance, knight, silver, gold, king followed by two empty squares to the right of the king and a sequence of knight and lance.

The second field can be either b for Black's turn to play or w for White's turn to play. In the example, b indicates that Black has the next move.

The third field contains all of the pieces in hand held by each player. In the example, the Bb indicates that Black has one bishop in hand (B), and White also has one bishop in hand (b).

Below is another example showing the board position for Yoshiharu Habu's famous 5b silver drop in an NHK game (Bishop Exchange Climbing Silver opening) with Hifumi Katoh.

Corresponding board
pieces in hand: 桂 歩
987654321 
      a
      b
    c
       d
        e
        f
g
     h
     i
pieces in hand: 角 金 銀 香 歩
ln1g5/1r2S1k2/p2pppn2/2ps2p2/1p7/2P6/PPSPPPPLP/2G2K1pr/LN4G1b w BGSLPnp

See also

Notes

  1. The notation system used by Hodges in the first issue of Shogi differs in a few aspects. Rather than indicate the destination square coordinates in captures, the piece being captured was indicated. For example, PxP indicated 'pawn captures pawn.' In ambiguity resolution, the origin square was enclosed in parentheses. For example, S(3c)-2b instead of S3c-2b. Moreover, since captures where notated with the captured piece, ambiguity resolution is required when multiple pieces of the same type are possible. Therefore, RxP(2f) or RxP(1e) would be required as only RxP is ambiguous. Finally, promoted pieces were indicated with + suffixed to the piece initial enclosed in parentheses. For example, R(+)-7h instead of +R-7h. Changes were made to the first system in order to make it simpler and to avoid notation strings which were felt to be 'clumsy'. The first system also overlooked the need for an unpromotion indication.

References

  1. Hodges 1976.
  2. Fairbairn 1986, p. 13–18.
  3. Hosking 1997, p. 20–21.
  4. Fairbairn (1980).
  5. Hosking 1997, p. 263–265.
  6. "Notation System - 81Dojo Docs". 81Dojo.com. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  7. "棋譜の表記方法|よくある質問|日本将棋連盟". Shogi.or.jp. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  8. NDL Digital Collections - 指将棋定跡集
  9. (Note that the 仝 character is also sometimes used as an abbreviatory symbol for a promoted lance. See Shogi§Equipment.)
  10. "NDL Digital Collections - 指将棋定跡集". NDL.go.jp. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  11. Fairbairn (1981)
  12. "棋譜の取り方". Ameblo.jp. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  13. Fairbairn (1980).
  14. Kaneko, Takashi. 2013. Storming the Mino castle. R Sams (transl.). Tokyo: Nekomado.
  15. These are the first 44 moves of an Asahi Trophy Open game by Akira Inaba and Mamoru Hatakeyama on 2008 November 13. "2008年11月13日 畠山 鎮七段 - 稲葉 陽四段". Asahi archives. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  16. These are the first 37 moves of an Mynavi Women's Open by Saori Shimai and Haruko Saida on 2009 October 21. "マイナビ女子オープン". Retrieved 9 May 2016.

Sources

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