Shengavit District

Shengavit
Շենգավիթ


Shengavit district shown in red
Shengavit

Location within Armenia

Coordinates: 40°08′23″N 44°29′03″E / 40.13972°N 44.48417°E / 40.13972; 44.48417Coordinates: 40°08′23″N 44°29′03″E / 40.13972°N 44.48417°E / 40.13972; 44.48417
Country Armenia
Marz (Province) Yerevan
Government
 • Mayor of District Armen Sargsyan
Area
 • Total 40.5 km2 (15.6 sq mi)
Population (2011 census)
 • Total 135,535
 • Density 40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zone AMT (UTC+4)

Shengavit (Armenian: Շենգավիթ վարչական շրջան, Šengavit varčakan šrĵan), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, located at the southwestern part of the city. It has common borders with the districts of Malatia-Sebastia, Kentron, Erebuni and Nubarashen. Ararat Province forms the souther borders of the district.[1]

Overview

Komitas Pantheon

With an area of 48.5 km² (18.16% of Yerevan city area), Shengavit is the 2nd-largest district of Yerevan in terms of area. It is unofficially divided into smaller neighborhoods such as Nerkin Shengavit, Verin Shengavit, Nerkin Charbakh, Verin Charbakh, Noragavit and Aeratsia. Garegin Nzhdeh Square along with the metro station form the core of the district. The main streets of the district are Garegin Nzhdeh Street, Shirak Street, Artashesyan Street, Bagratunyats Street and Arshakunyats Avenue.

The joint civil and military Erebuni Airport is located in the district. The district is also home to the Yerevan Thermal Power Plant.

Shengavit is one of the highly industrialized districts of Yerevan with many large plants and factories. However, the district is considered to be home to middle and low-income residents of Yerevan.

The district has many parks with the most notable ones are Komitas Pantheon and park, Artur Karapetyan park, Movses Gorgisyan park and Shoghakat park.

As of 2016, the population of the district is around 139,100.

History

Antiquity

Stone foundations of Shengavit Settlement

The area of modern day Shengavit has been populated since at least 3200 BC, during the period of Kura–Araxes culture of the Early Bronze Age. Excavations at the Shengavit historical site started in 1936 and lasted until 1938 under the guidance of archaeologist Yevgeny Bayburdyan who dug a trial trench at the hill which in turn led to further archaeological work to be done at the site. Archaeologist Sandro Sardarian resumed the excavations between 1958 and 1983,[2] but his work was poorly documented. He left insufficient records to pinpoint exact locations where artifacts were found.

In 2000, extensive excavation process was launched under the guidance of archaeologist Hakop Simonyan, who dug stratigraphic trenches at the edges of the old trenches excavated by Bayburdian and Sardarian.

Foundations of Teishebaini within the Shengvait district

In 2009, Simonyan was joined by professor Mitchell S. Rothman from Widener University of Pennsylvania. Together they conducted three series of excavations in 2009, 2010, and 2012 respectively. During the process, a full stratigraphic column to bedrock was reached, showing there to be 8 or 9 distinct stratigraphic levels. These levels cover a time between 3200 BC and 2500 BC. Evidences of later use of the site (until 2200 BC) were also found. The excavation process revealed a series of large buildings, round buildings with square adjoining rooms and simple round buildings. Particularly notable are a series of ritual installations discovered in 2010 and 2012.

The archaeological site of Karmir Blur dates back to the first half of the 7th century BC. It is home to the historical city of Teishebaini was built by Rusa II of Urartu.

Modern history

After the Sovietization of Armenia, the administrative area of Erivan (Yerevan) was gradually expanded to include the abandoned settlements of historic Shengavit. In 1938, the Spandaryan raion (Спандарянский район) was formed by the decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR, thus laying foundation for the future Shengavit District.

Holy Cross Church of Nerkin Charbakh, opened in 2006

Charbakh neighbourhood which is currently within the Shengavit District, was originally formed as a small village in 1924 at the south of the historic Teishebaini site of Karmir Blur hill. The name Charbakh is derived from the Persian words of char (چهار) meaning four, and bagh (باغ) meaning garden. The origin of the name is from the 4 farms or gardens that existed earlier in the area at the southeast of Shengavit, on the left bank of Hrazdan River. The village was mainly home to Armenian migrants from Nakhichevan and Van. With the noatble expansion of Charbakh during the 1950s, the village was divided into Verin Charbakh (Higher Charbakh) and Nerkin Charbakh (Lower Charbakh). In 1958, Charbakh became part of the newly-formed Shahumyan raion (Шаумянский район), thus becoming absorbed by the city Yerevan.

After the independence of Armenia, the Shengavit District was formed in 1996, including the territories of the former Spandaryan raion (Спандарянский район), parts of the former Ordzhonikidze raion (Орджоникидзевский район), and the neighbourhood of Charbakh of the former Shahumyan raion (Шаумянский район).

Demographics

Surp Gevork Church of Noragavit
Surp Kiraki Church of Noragavit

As of the 2011 census, the district had a population of 135,535 (12.78% of Yerevan city population). According to the 2016 official estimate, the population of the district is around 139,100 (ranked 1st among the Yerevan districts).

Shengavit is mainly populated by Armenians who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The district is home to the following churches:

Culture

Shengavit has many public libraries including the Library №16 (1945), Library №32 (1946), Library №17 named after Shushanik Kurghinyan (1948), ans Library №18 for children (1980).[3] The Shengavit №5 House of culture is operating in Noragavit since 1948.[4]

Armen Tigranyan Music School (1949) and Stepan Jrbashyan Music School №8 (1965) are also located in Shengavit.[5]

In 1992, the Metro Theatre of the National Center of Aesthetics was opened in the district.

Many cultural heritage monuments are located in the district, including:

Museums

Transportation

Charbakh metro station

Shengavit District is served by a public transport network of buses and trolleybuses. However, the Yerevan underground metro has 4 stations within the district:

The Shengavit Electrodepot opened between 1981 and 1985 is the main depot of the Yerevan Metro, currently able to house more than 70 railroad cars.

The Noragavit neighbourhood of the district is served by the Noragavit railway station of the Armenian Railways.

Economy

Industry during the Soviet period

Nairit chemicals plant

Shengavit became a highly industrialized district during the Soviet period. Large factories and manufacturing plants were built under the Soviet rule. The Armen-Carpet plant was opened in the district in 1924, followed by the Yerevan Plant of Rubber Technical Products in 1927. In 1930, the new building of Yerevan Machine-Tools plant (operating since 1905) was opened in Shengavit.

During the 1940s, the production of chemicals and electrical tools was boosted by the Soviet government. In 1940, the Nairit Chemicals Plant and ArmElectroMash plant for electrical equipments were opened. In 1943, the Yerevan Tire plant, Yerevan Polyvinyl acetate factory, Yerevan Compressors plant, and Yerevan Textile factory were opened, followed by the Yerevan Cable Factory in 1945.

The Yerevan Wool plant was opened in 1951, followed by the Chemreagent plant for chemical reactors in 1953, while the Electroapparat Yerevan electrical equipments plant was opened in 1956. In 1960 and 1961, the Yerevan Electron plant for electrical machines and the new building of the Yerevan Leather Factory (operating since 1894) were opened respectively in Shengavit. In 1962, the Masis shoe factory of Yerevan was formed in the district as a result of the consolidation of several factories in the city. In 1963 and 1967, the Yerevan plant for chemical reactors and Yerevan chemical-pharmaceutical firm were opened respectively.

The Yerevan poultry farm of Charbakh was opened in 1957.

However, after the independence of Armenia, most of the heavy industry plants were abandoned or only survived with their minor capacities.

Post-independence industry

During the revival period after the economic crisis, many new large plants were inaugurated in Shengavit, including: Arantsk plant for roof fittings since 1995, Grand Tobacco for tobacco products since 1997, Shen Production for paints and building materials since 1999, Grand Candy factory for food products since 2000, Megerian handmade carpets mill since 2000, Shogh vegetable oil producing industrial complex since 2001, Mikmetal for metal structures since 2003, Narsan plant for roof fittings since 2003, Yerevan Metal Group Factory for steel products since 2007, Alex Grig alcohol plant in 2007 (replacing the former Polyvinyl acetate factory), Megerian Shin for metal structures since 2009, and Sil-Maaza plant for water and beverages since 2012, and Alex Textile hosiery plant since 2015.

Minor industrial firms of the district include: Eurostan Uyut for building materials since 1987, Hayk-Mek Wood Plant since 1991, Moks Plast for plastic products since 1995, MMM Plant for building materials since 1997, Veks Group for building materials since 1997, Daroink Food Plant since 1998, Karastan plant for building materials since 2000, Latino coffee processing plant since 2005, Anush plant for food products since 2005, Ekoprof plant for building materials since 2006, Orient Stone plant for building materials since 2009, AR Garment Factory, and Crystal plant for household chemicals.

Services

Yerevan Mall

Arshakunyats Avenue of Shengavit is home to many trade shops, galleries and commercial offices, including the "Synopsys Armenia" headquarters and "Hayrenik" cinema-theatre. It is also home to Yerevan Mall, one of the largest shopping centres in Armenia. Many other large shopping centres are also operating in Shengavit, including "Petak" Trade Center, "Yerevan" Market, and "AR-BE" Armenian-Belarusian Trading House.

The Shengavit Medical Center and Surb Astvatsamayr (Holy Mother of God) Medical Center are among the prominent hospitals of Yerevan.

Education

Almost 15% of the public schools of Yerevan are located in Shengavit. As of 2016-17, the district has 29 public education schools, 2 private schools, as well as 1 vocational school.

The Panos Terlemezyan Yerevan State College of Fine Arts (opened in 1921) is located on the Arshakunyats Avenue of Shengavit.

Sport

Mika Stadium
Junior Sport Football School

Shengavit is home to many prominent sport venues of Yerevan, including:

The district is also home to several sport schools, including:

References

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