Sharp Corporation

Sharp Corporation
シャープ株式会社

Native name	シャープ株式会社
Type	Public subsidiary Kabushiki-kaisha
Traded as	TYO: 6753 Osaka SE: 6753 Nagoya SE: 6753
Industry	Consumer electronics
Founded	15 September 1912 (1912-09-15) Tokyo, Japan[1]
Founder	Tokuji Hayakawa[1]
Headquarters	Sakai-ku, Sakai, Japan
Area served	Japan, Worldwide Global
Key people	Jeng-wu Tai[2] (President)
Products	Televisions, audiovisual, home appliances, information equipments, ICs, solar cells, mobile phones, fax machines, electronic components, calculators, LCD panels
Revenue	¥2.050 trillion (2017)[* 1]
Operating income	¥34.67 billion (2017)[* 1]
Net income	¥-24.87 billion (2017)[* 1]
Total assets	¥1.773 trillion (2017)[* 1]
Total equity	¥294.1 billion (2017)[* 1]
Number of employees	41,898 (2017)[* 1]
Parent	Foxconn
Website	www.sharp.co.jp

Sharp Corporation (シャープ株式会社, Shāpu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational corporation that designs and manufactures electronic products, headquartered in Sakai-ku, Sakai. Since 2016 it has been an integral part of Taiwan-based Foxconn Group. Sharp employs more than 50,000 people worldwide. The company was founded in September 1912 in Tokyo and takes its name from one of its founder’s first inventions, the Ever-Sharp mechanical pencil, which was invented by Tokuji Hayakawa in 1915.

As of 2013, Sharp Corporation is the tenth-largest, by market share, television manufacturer in the world.^[3] In Japan it has been a long-time leader.^[4] Sharp has at times also been the most popular mobile phone brand in the Japanese market, but is currently third biggest.^[5][6]

History

In 1912, Tokuji Hayakawa founded a metal workshop in Tokyo. The first of his many inventions was a snap buckle named ‘Tokubijo’. Another of his inventions was the Ever-Sharp mechanical pencil in 1915, from which the Sharp Corporation derived its name.^[7] After the pencil business was destroyed by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the company relocated to Osaka and began designing the first generation of Japanese radio sets. These went on sale in 1925. In 1953, Sharp started producing TV sets.

In 1964, Sharp developed the world’s first transistor calculator, which was priced at JP¥535,000 (US$1,400). It took Sharp several years to develop the product as they had no experience in making computing devices at the time. Two years later, in 1966, Sharp introduced its first IC calculator using 145 Mitsubishi-made bipolar ICs, priced at JP¥350,000 (about US$1000). Its first LSI calculator was introduced in 1969. This was the first pocketable calculator priced at less than JP¥100,000 (less than US$300), and turned out to be a popular item.^[8]

The company produced the first LCD calculator in 1973. Sharp had a working relationship with Nintendo during the 1980s, and was granted licensing rights for the manufacture and development of the C1 NES TV (1983, later released in North America as the Sharp Nintendo Television), the Twin Famicom (1986), the Sharp Famicom Titler (1989), and the SF-1 SNES TV (1990). All of these units are considered collectors items on the secondary market. One of the company’s main inventors of LCD calculators was Tadashi Sasaki.^[9]

The company ventured into the high end stereo market in 1976 with the introduction of high end receivers, amplifiers, speakers, turntables and cassette players. The Optonica line as it was called, consisted of high quality and technically advanced components, that was expanded in 1979, to cover a broader selection of high end equipment. During this run, Sharp introduced digital technology to some of the Optonica products, along with the traditional analogue products, and offered a complete selection of models ranging from low power high end receivers to very powerful models. The line was again changed, in 1981, and moved mainly into digital high end, complete stereo systems with advanced technological features setting the trend towards the digital age. The line was discontinued after 1981, but the Optonica line was again re-introduced in the late 1980s for a high end line of television receivers and higher quality mass market audio products such as VCR's, surround sound receivers, CD cassette boom boxes, and portable cassette players.

Sharp’s Mobile Communications Division created the world’s first commercial camera phone, the J-SH04, in Japan in 2000.

Since 2000, Sharp has heavily invested in LCD panel manufacturing plants: Kameyama in 2004, Sakai in 2009. The Sakai plant is still the only 10th generation LCD manufacturing plant on the globe and best fit for production of 60 inch or larger panels. However, the 2008 financial crisis and strong Yen (especially against Won) significantly lowered world demand for Japanese LCD panels. Furthermore, the switch to digital TV broadcasting was virtually completed in Japan by the middle of 2011. Via Japanese government issued coupons for digital TV sets, consumers were encouraged to purchase digital TV sets until March 2011. This hit the Japanese LCD TV market, reducing it almost by half from 2010. All of those events strongly hit Sharp's LCD business. As the result, the Sakai LCD plant suffered a reduced operating rate until Q3 2012.

In June 2005 Sharp produced the largest LCD television at the time, with a display of 65 inches. It went on sale in August 2005 in Japan.^[10]

From 2005 to 2010 Sharp was the biggest mobile phone brand in Japan. Since then it has been constantly switching places through financial quarters against rivals Fujitsu, Apple and Sony.

Sharp acquired a controlling stake in Pioneer Corporation in 2007.

At CES 2007, Sharp introduced a prototype largest LCD TV, with a screen size of 108 inches.^[11] In July 2008 Sharp announced that the model will go into production for the Japanese market.^[12]

In 2008, Sharp collaborated with Emblaze Mobile on the Monolith, “…an ambitious project to design the ultimate holistic mobile device”.^[13] The project was never brought to market. Key software developers were later picked up by other companies.

On 25 June 2009, Sharp and Pioneer agreed to form a joint venture comprising their optical businesses, called “Pioneer Digital Design and Manufacturing Corporation”.^[14]

In 2012 Sharp unveiled the largest production TV at the time, with a screen size of 80 inches. It is part of the Aquos range and went on sale in Japan at around JP¥950,000.^[15]

2012 was the 100th anniversary for Sharp but it announced the worst financial record in its history, with a loss of JP¥376 billion (US$4.7 billion) in April 2012. In September, Sharp announced job cuts.^[16] In 2014, Sharp was able to stem losses and deliver a positive net income for its first quarter results.^[17]

In March 2012 the Taiwan-based electronics company Hon Hai, trading as Foxconn, agreed to acquire a 10% stake in Sharp Corporation for US$806 million, and to purchase up to 50 percent of the LCD displays produced at Sharp’s plant in Sakai, Japan.^[18] In June 2012, Hon Hai chairman Terry Gou paid money for Sakai plant and got 50% ownership of the plant. However, since the announcement in March, Sharp’s share price continued declining and reached JP¥192 on 3 August. Sharp deal’s price was originally JP¥550 per share. Both companies agreed to renegotiate the share price, but they never came to an agreement.^[19]

Sharp announced it accepted a US$100 million investment from Samsung in March 2013.^[20]

In 2013 Sharp developed the most efficient solar cell, converting a record 44.4% of sunlight into electricity.^[21]

After years of huge losses in its overseas TV business, Sharp sold its Mexico TV factory to Chinese electronics manufacturer Hisense for $23.7 million in July 2015. The sale includes rights to use the Sharp brand name and all its channel resources in North and South America, except Brazil. This meant that Sharp has exited the TV market in the Americas (except Brazil).^[22] It was a sign showing Sharp's rapid decline in that market, where it once was one of the leading manufacturers for LCD TVs a decade earlier.^[23] Sharp's television market share in North America was 4.6% in 2015.^[24] However Sharp remains the biggest television brand in the Japanese market.^[4]

In October 2015 Sharp announced a smartphone that also works as a robot, called RoboHon. It will be sold in 2016 in Japan.^[25]

Sharp began selling the world’s first commercially available TV with a 8K resolution in October 2015. The 85-inch LV-85001 model costs JP¥16 million (US$133,000). Japanese public broadcaster NHK will have test broadcasts at 8K starting 2016, with regular services expected by the time of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.^[26][27]

On 25 February 2016, Foxconn announced its intent to acquire a 66% controlling stake in Sharp for 700 billion yen (US$6.24 billion).^[28] However, the deal was briefly delayed due to unforeseen financial liabilities; on 30 March 2016, Foxconn announced that it had agreed to pay US$3.5 billion for the stake instead, Foxconn wished to use the purchase to expand into direct-to-consumer product sales rather than serving as a contracted manufacturer.^[29]

On 28 April 2017, Sharp turned its first operating profit in three years, citing the restructuring efforts by Foxconn..^[30]

In June 2017, Sharp sued its American licensee Hisense for damaging the reputation of its brand, seeking an exit from its licensing agreement. Sharp accused the company of producing "shoddily manufactured" televisions under the Sharp name, including products they believed were in violation of U.S. safety standards for electromagnetic radiation, and the subject of deceptive advertising over their quality. Hisense denied that it engaged in these practices, and stated that it planned to defend itself in court and "will continue to manufacture and sell quality televisions under the Sharp licensed brands."^[31][32]

Products

Core technologies and products include: LCD panels, solar panels, mobile phones, audio-visual entertainment equipment, video projectors, Multi-Function Printing Devices, microwave ovens, air conditioners, cash registers, CMOS and CCD sensors, and flash memory.

The first commercial camera phone was also made by Sharp for the Japanese market in November 2000. Recent products include the ViewCam, the Ultra-Lite notebook PC, the Zaurus personal digital assistant, Sidekick 3, and the AQUOS flat screen television.

Sharp manufactures consumer electronic products, including LCD televisions, sold under the Aquos brand, mobile phones, microwave ovens, Home cinema and audio systems, air purification systems, fax machines and calculators.^[33]

For the business market, Sharp also produces projectors and monitors and a variety of photocopiers and Laser Printers, in addition to electronic cash registers and Point of sale technologies.^[34]

Sharp Solar is a supplier of silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar cells,^[35][36] and offers a solar TV.^[37] In Q1 2010 the company made the highest revenues from production of solar PV systems.^[38]

Operations

Japan

Net sales for the year 2003 were $16.8 billion. The Corporation employs 46,600 staff, of which around half live outside Japan. It operates from 64 bases in 30 countries and its products are distributed in 164 countries worldwide. Many of its regional subsidiaries trade under the name “Sharp Electronics”.

Sharp was among the Top 100 R&D Spenders in a list published by the IEEE Spectrum magazine in 2002.

In September 2014, Sharp announced that Slovakian electronics company UMC was acquiring an exclusive brand licence from Sharp and its European television and audio business UMC will also acquire Sharp’s Polish factory. As part of the deal, Sharp will support the design and development of televisions sold by UMC under the Sharp brand^[39]

The same month, Sharp also announced a tie-up with Vestel in Europe for white goods. Vestel will sell Sharp-branded white goods (except air conditioners), such as refrigerators and microwave ovens manufactured by Sharp in Thailand and China. Sharp will also license its brand name to Vestel for volume home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and ovens. Sharp’s remaining European business will then focus on the business-to-business sector including multi-function printers and energy solutions.

Sharp's headquarters are at 1 Takumi-chō, Sakai-ku, Sakai, Japan. Until the relocation to Sakai in 2016, the headquarters were in Abeno-ku, Osaka where Hayakawa restarted the business in 1920s.^[40]

Factory

• Sharp Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o. Ostaszewo 57b 87-148 Łysomice Toruń, Poland (Europe)
• Sharp also has manufacturing facility in Indonesia, a plant in Karawang is the largest refrigerator producing plant in the world

Antitrust law violations

US

On 8 November 2008, Department of Justice announced that Sharp agreed to pay US$120 million as criminal fine. According to the announcement, Sharp participated in the conspiracies to fix the price of TFT LCD panel for Dell’s computer monitors and laptops (2001 - 2005), Motorola’s Razr phones (2005 - 2006) and Apple’s iPod (2005 -2006).^[41]

Japan

On 18 December 2008, Japan Fair Trade Commission ordered Sharp to pay JP¥261 million (US$3 million) as criminal fine. According to the order, Sharp and Hitachi Display participated in the conspiracies to keep the price for TFT LCD panels for Nintendo DS and DS-Lite. Fine for Hitachi Displays was waived by JFTC leniency program.^[42]

However, Sharp disagreed with the JFTC order and announced to begin appeal procedure against it on 2 February 2009.^[43] On 31 July 2013, JFTC dismissed Sharp’s appeal.^[44]

Environmental record

In November 2011 Sharp was ranked in 11th place by Greenpeace’s re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks 15 electronics manufacturers according to their policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce greener products, and make their operations more sustainable. Greenpeace summarizes the corporation’s environmental record thus: “Sharp supports a new renewable energy law in Japan but scores poor on all sustainable operations criteria.”^[45]

Sharp scored 3/10 and received most of its points on the Products criteria where the company was praised for the energy efficiency of its products with all of its TVs meeting the latest Energy Star standard. It also gained some points for having a relative long term target to reduce CO₂ emissions by two percent (per production unit) compared to the previous year, yet sets out no clear target for absolute reductions. The company was also praised for its public support for a clean energy policy, after advocating the Japanese Government to increase the use of renewable energy.^[45]

Sharp scored least points in the guide in the Sustainable Operations category, scoring no points for chemical management due to not communicating commitments made on phasing out hazardous substances in its supply chain. The guide also notes that Sharp have lacked any initiative to address the issue of conflict minerals and the exclusion of paper sourced from suppliers involved in illegal logging or deforestation.^[45]

Sponsorships

Sharp was the principal sponsor of Manchester United Football Club from 1983 until 2000, in one of the lengthiest and most lucrative sponsorship deals in English football.^[46][47] Sharp's logo was on the front of United's shirts over these 17 years, during which the team won seven Premier League titles, five FA Cups, one Football League Cup, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one UEFA Champions League title.

In June 2012, Sharp became name sponsor of a UCI World Tour cycling team, which thereupon became known as Garmin-Sharp.

Products gallery

• 
  Sharp 5P-37G boombox
• 
  Sharp PC-1251 pocket computer
• 
  Sharp EL-546R scientific calculator
• 
  Sharp CD-S400 Hi-Fi stereo system
• 
  Sharp PC-1251 pocket computer
• 
  Sharp PC-E220 pocket computer
• 
  Sharp 14C-C1R television
• 
  Sharp Twin Famicom licensed game console for Japanese market (1986)
• 
  X68000 ACE-HD desktop computer for Japanese market (1988)
• 
  Sharp 905SH mobile phone for Japanese market (2006)
• 
  Sharp TV/VCR combo
• 
  Sharp AQUOS SH-12C mobile phone for Japanese market (2011)

Slogans

• Pertama & Satu-Satunya di Indonesia (Indonesia Only, 1997-2002)
• Be Sharp (2002-2016) ^[48]
• Be Original (2016-present)

See also

• Osaka portal
• Companies portal

References

External links

• Official website