Qumis, Iran

Šahr-e Qumis

Shown within Iran
Alternate name	Saddarvazeh Hecatompylos
Location	Semnan Province, Iran
Region	Qumis, Greater Khorasan
Coordinates	35°57′03.8″N 54°06′46.10″E / 35.951056°N 54.1128056°E / 35.951056; 54.1128056Coordinates: 35°57′03.8″N 54°06′46.10″E / 35.951056°N 54.1128056°E / 35.951056; 54.1128056
Type	Settlement
History
Cultures	Parthian, Persian
Site notes
Condition	In ruins

Saddarvazeh (New Persian: صددروازه) or Hecatompylos (Ancient Greek: Ἑκατόμπυλος) was an ancient city of uncertain location which was the capital of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty by 200 BCE. The Greek name Hekatompylos means "one hundred gates" and the Persian term has the same meaning. The title was commonly used for cities which had more than the traditional four gates. It may be understood better as the "Many Gated". Most scholars locate it at Sahr -e Qumis, in the Qumis region in west Khurasan, Iran.^[1]

Alexander the Great stopped here in the summer of 330 BCE and it became part of the Seleucid Empire after his death. The Parni tribe took the city around 238 BCE and made it one of the first capitals of their Parthian Empire. It was mentioned as the royal city of the Parthians by a number of classical writers including Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy, although the Parthians seemed to have used a number of cities as their "capital" at different periods.

It is estimated to have had an area of 28 km² (11 sq mi) at its peak, which would indicate a population in the tens of thousands.

Qumis was destroyed by an earthquake in 856 AD, and it was probably abandoned afterwards. The site of this ancient city is now called Šahr-e Qumis (Persian: شهر قومس‎‎), between Semnan and Damqan in the Semnan Province.

Modern development

In 2011 plans for an "International Project of Tourism & Recreational City" were published, using the name of Hecatompylos. The project envisions using an area of 250 hectares (620 acres) close to the city of Damghan, which would place the resort at about 30 km (19 mi) northeast of the historic site. ^[2]

Citations

References

• De Quincey, Thomas (1821). Confessions of an English Opium-Eater. Penguin Books. 1979.
• Frye, Richard N. (1962). The Heritage of Persia. Toronto. Mentor Books. 1966.
• Hansman, J. (1968). "The Problems of Qūmis". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1968), pp. 111–139.
• Hansman, John and Stronach, David (1974). "Excavations at Shahr-i Qūmis, 1971". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1974), pp. 8–22.
• Hirth, Friedrich (1875). China and the Roman Orient. Shanghai and Hong Kong. Unchanged reprint. Chicago, Ares Publishers, 1975.
• Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1984). The Greeks in Bactria and India. First published in 1938; 2nd Updated Edition, 1951. 3rd Edition, updated with a Preface and a new bibliography by Frank Lee Holt. Ares Publishers, Inc., Chicago. 1984.

External links

• Magiran.com, a magazine named Qumis (in Persian)
• Livius.org, a brief history plus photos
• Hecatompylos.com, resort project homepage
• , project, render