September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories

The 9/11 advance-knowledge conspiracy theories center on arguments that certain institutions or individuals other than the perpetrators had foreknowledge of the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001.

Some of the primary concerns include whether the Bush administration or the United States Armed Forces had awareness of the planned attack methods, the precise volume of intelligence that American agencies had regarding al-Qaeda activities inside the United States, whether the put options placed on United Airlines and American Airlines and other trades indicate foreknowledge, and why the identities of the traders have never been made public.

Additional facets of the conspiracy theories include debate as to whether warnings received from foreign agencies were specific enough to have warranted preventative action, whether domestic intelligence about planned al-Qaeda attacks was thorough enough to have mandated intervention, the extent to which the alleged hijackers were under surveillance prior to the attacks, and whether Mossad or the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence were aware of an imminent attack.

Using planes as missiles

Immediately following the attacks, President George W. Bush stated that: "Nobody in our government at least, and I don't think the prior government, could envisage flying air planes into buildings" and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice claimed: "no-one could have predicted that they would try to use an airplane as a missile". An Air Force general called the attack: "something we had never seen before, something we had never even thought of."[1] A few days after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller announced: "There were no warning signs that I'm aware of that would indicate this type of operation in the country."[2] However, Mueller noted that an FBI agent in Minneapolis said Moussaoui might be "that type of person that could fly something into the World Trade Center."[3] Mueller said this warning should have been followed more vigorously.

Some mainstream media reports have conflicted with these statements, claiming that the FBI, CIA and Executive Branch[4] knew of the threat of planes being used as missiles as early as 1995, following the foiling of the Bojinka Plot. In September 2002, one year after the 9/11 attacks, The Chicago Sun-Times reported that:

"The FBI had advance indications of plans to hijack U.S. airliners and use them as weapons, but neither acted on them nor distributed the intelligence to local police agencies. From the moment of the September 11 attacks, all high-ranking federal officials insisted that the terrorists’ method of operation surprised them. Many continue to stick to that story. Actually, elements of the suicide hijacking plan were known to the FBI as early as 1995 and, if coupled with current information, might have uncovered the plot."

The book The Terror Timeline includes numerous articles that are often cited to suggest that the method of flying planes into buildings was known by U.S. officials:[5]

A 2004 USA Today article, "NORAD had drills of jets as weapons," describes pre-9/11 NORAD drills that suggest they were prepared for such an attack as happened on 9/11:

"In the two years before the September 11 attacks, the North American Aerospace Defense Command conducted exercises simulating what the White House says was unimaginable at the time: hijacked airliners used as weapons to crash into targets and cause mass casualties. One of the imagined targets was the World Trade Center. In another exercise, jets performed a mock shootdown over the Atlantic Ocean of a jet supposedly laden with chemical poisons headed toward a target in the United States. In a third scenario, the target was the Pentagon — but that drill was not run after Defense officials said it was unrealistic."[7]

That NORAD was aware of the threat of terrorists hijacking commercial airliners within the United States, and using them as guided missiles, was flatly denied by the 9/11 Commission, which asserted several times in their report that "The threat of terrorists hijacking commercial airliners within the United States – and using them as guided missiles – was not recognized by NORAD before 9/11."

The Joint Inquiry of 2002 confirmed that the Intelligence Community had received at least twelve reports over a seven-year period suggesting that terrorists might use planes as weapons. After briefly discussing each of them, it says that "The CIA disseminated several of these reports to the FBI and to agencies responsible for preventive actions. They included the FAA... Despite these reports, the Intelligence Community did not produce any assessments of the likelihood that terrorists would use planes as weapons, and U.S. policymakers apparently remained unaware of this kind of potential threat."[11] Former National Security Advisor Sandy Berger testified to the Joint Inquiry:

"We heard of the idea of planes as weapons, but I don't recall being presented with any specific threat information about an attack of this nature, or highlighting this threat, or indicating it was more likely than any other"[12]

Insider trading

The Times reported on September 18 that investigations were under way into the unusually large numbers of shares in insurance companies and airlines sold off before the attack, in the UK, Italy, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, France and the US.[13][14] News accounts in the weeks that followed reported a notable pattern of trading in the options of United and American Airlines[15] as well as Morgan Stanley and other market activity.[16] An article published in The Journal of Business in 2006 provides statistical evidence of unusual put option market activity days before 9/11:

Examination of the option trading leading up to September 11 reveals that there was an unusually high level of put buying. This finding is consistent with informed investors having traded options before the attacks.[17]

In a statement to the 9/11 Commission in 2003, Mindy Kleinberg, of the 9/11 Family Steering Committee, said:

Never before on the Chicago Exchange were such large amounts of United and American Airlines options traded. These investors netted a profit of at least $5 million after the September 11 attacks. Interestingly, the names of the investors remain undisclosed and the $5 million remains unclaimed in the Chicago Exchange account.[18]

Regarding these trades, the 9/11 Commission found no malfeasance:

A single U.S.-based institutional investor with no conceivable ties to al-Qaeda purchased 95% of the UAL puts on September 6 as part of a trading strategy that also included buying 115,000 shares of American on September 10... much of the seemingly suspicious trading in American on September 10 was traced to a specific U.S.-based options trading newsletter, faxed to its subscribers on Sunday, September 9, that recommended these trades.[19]

WTC hard drive restoration operation

In December 2001 and early 2002, there was extensive media coverage of the efforts by the German data retrieval company Convar to reconstruct, using laser scanning technology, data from damaged hard drives recovered from the WTC as part of the investigation into a surge in financial transactions just before the two hijacked planes crashed into New York's World Trade Center.[20] The company's CEO, Peter Henschel, noting that the investigation was being conducted for a number of U.S. based clients cooperating with the FBI, said that there was suspicion that criminals had used inside knowledge about the attacks to make and authorize financial transactions during the chaos. According to Convar's data retrieval expert Richard Wagner, criminal transactions in excess of 100 million dollars could have been made in the hope that their trail would have disappeared as a result of the destruction of the WTC mainframe computers.[21][22] As reported by the Heute Journal, a news programme by the German ZDF TV channel, by March 2002 Convar had been able to restore several hundred hard drives from the WTC.[23]

However, the 9/11 Commission, in a memorandum entitled "FBI Briefing on Trading" dated October 18, 2003, said that when asked about the media coverage of the hard drive restoration operation, the "assembled [FBI] agents expressed no knowledge of the reported hard-drive recovery effort", further noting that one New York agent argued that it was "extremely unlikely that any hard-drives survived to the extent that they data [sic] be recovered."[24]

Later research

The papers of several finance researchers also suggest that some profited from foreknowledge of 9/11. In 2006, Allen Poteshman, a professor of Finance from the University of Illinois, published an analysis of the airline stock option trades preceding the attacks. This peer-reviewed study, published by the University of Chicago Press, came to the conclusion that an indicator of long put volume was "unusually high which is consistent with informed investors having traded in the option market in advance of the attacks".[25] In January 2010, a team of Swiss financial experts published evidence for at least thirteen informed trades in which the investors had apparent foreknowledge of the attacks.[26] Finally, in April 2010, an international team of experts showed that there was a significant abnormal increase in trading volume in the option market just before the 9/11 attacks in contrast to the absence of abnormal trading volume over periods long before the attacks, concluding that their findings were "consistent with insiders anticipating the 9-11 attacks".[27]

Intelligence warnings

The 9/11 Commission Report states that "the 9/11 attacks were a shock, but they should not have come as a surprise. Islamic extremists had given plenty of warnings that they meant to kill Americans indiscriminately and in large numbers."[28] The report continued:

During the spring and summer of 2001, U.S. intelligence agencies received a stream of warnings about an attack al-Qaeda planned, as one report puts it "something very, very, very big." Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet told us "the system was blinking red."[29]

The US administration, CIA and FBI received multiple prior warnings from foreign governments and intelligence services, including France, Germany, the UK, Israel, Jordan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Morocco and Russia.[5][30] The warnings varied in their level of detail, but all stated that they believed an al-Qaeda attack inside the United States was imminent. British Member of Parliament Michael Meacher cites these warnings, suggesting that some of them must have been deliberately ignored.[31] Some of these warnings include the following:

Able Danger

A classified military intelligence program known as "Able Danger" was created in October 1999 specifically targeting al-Qaeda. Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer and Congressman Curt Weldon (R-PA) charged before the Senate Judiciary Committee that Able Danger had identified Mohamed Atta, and three of the other hijackers, prior to 9/11.

The existence of Able Danger, and its purported early identification of the 9/11 terrorists, was first disclosed publicly on June 19, 2005.[32] On June 27, 2005, Weldon stated to the House:

Mr. Speaker, I rise because information has come to my attention over the past several months that is very disturbing. I have learned that, in fact, one of our Federal agencies had, in fact, identified the major New York cell of Mohamed Atta prior to 9/11; and I have learned, Mr. Speaker, that in September 2000, that Federal agency actually was prepared to bring the FBI in and prepared to work with the FBI to take down the cell that Mohamed Atta was involved in in New York City, along with two of the other terrorists. I have also learned, Mr. Speaker, that when that recommendation was discussed within that Federal agency, the lawyers in the administration at that time said, you cannot pursue contact with the FBI against that cell. Mohamed Atta is in the U.S. on a green card, and we are fearful of the fallout from the Waco incident. So we did not allow that Federal agency to proceed.[33]

There is no mention of Able Danger in the 9/11 Commission Report. Two 9/11 Commission members, Timothy J. Roemer and John F. Lehman, both claimed not to have received any information on Able Danger.[34] Weldon alleged that intelligence concerning Able Danger was provided to the 9/11 Commission but was ignored.[35]

Following coverage in the national media of Weldon's claims in August 2005, Thomas Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, former Chair and Vice Chair of the 9/11 Commission, issued a statement[36] in which they stated the Commission had been aware of the Able Danger program, and requested and obtained information about it from the Department of Defense (DoD), but none of the information provided had indicated the program had identified Atta or other 9/11 hijackers.[37][38]

Curt Weldon issued a response to this statement clarifying the mission of Able Danger, expressing concern over the statements made by various members of the 9/11 Commission, and promising to push forward until it is understood why the DoD was unable to pass the information uncovered by Able Danger to the FBI, and why the 9/11 Commission failed to follow up on the information they were given on Able Danger.[39]

al-Qaeda investigations

Numerous whistleblowers and officials have surfaced, claiming that there was a deliberate effort, from high-ranking officials, to prevent investigations into al-Qaeda.

In 2002, FBI agent Coleen Rowley wrote to FBI director Robert Mueller describing her experience working with Minneapolis FBI agents tracking suspected terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui prior to the attacks.[40] She describes how FBI HQ personnel in Washington, D.C. had mishandled and failed to take action on information provided by the Minneapolis Field Office, and had failed to issue a warrant to search Moussaui's computer despite having probable cause.[41] Senator Chuck Grassley later wrote that “If the application for the FISA warrant had gone forward, agents would have found information in Moussaoui's belongings that linked him ... to a major financier of the hijacking plot". Rowley was credited as a whistleblower and jointly awarded the TIME Magazine "Person of the Year" for 2002. Her testimony to the 9/11 Commission was omitted from their final report.

FBI agent and al-Qaeda expert John P. O'Neill warned of an al-Qaeda threat to the United States in 2000. He retired from his position in mid-2001, citing repeated blocking of his investigations of al-Qaeda by FBI officials. After his retirement from the FBI, the World Trade Center hired him as its chief of security. He started work on August 23, 2001; 9/11 rescue workers found his body in a staircase inside the south tower rubble.[42]

Shortly after the attacks, David Schippers, the chief prosecutor for the impeachment of Bill Clinton, stated that the government had been warned in 1995 about a future attack on a government building and that later he was contacted by three FBI agents who mentioned uncovering a possible terrorist attack planned for lower Manhattan.[43] According to Schippers, as the agents informed their superiors, they were briefed not to pursue the issue and were threatened with prosecution. Schippers declared, "Five weeks before the September 11 tragedy, I did my best to get a hold of Attorney General John Ashcroft with my concerns." According to Schippers, Ashcroft responded that the Justice Department does not start investigations at the top. Author William Norman Grigg agrees with Schippers in his article "Did We Know What Was Coming?" According to the article, three unnamed veteran federal law enforcement agents confirmed "the information provided to Schippers was widely known within the Bureau before September 11."[44]

According to Senator Bob Graham, who was chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee from June 2001 through the buildup to the Iraq war, "Two of the September 11, 2001, hijackers had a support network in the United States that included agents of the Saudi government, and the Bush administration and FBI blocked a congressional investigation into that relationship," as reported by the Miami Herald. And in Graham's book, Intelligence Matters, he makes clear that some details of that financial support from Saudi Arabia were in the 27 pages of the congressional inquiry's final report that were blocked from release by the administration, despite the pleas of leaders of both parties on the House and Senate intelligence committees."[45] In March 2012 as part of a lawsuit by 9/11 victims families Graham and another former U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey said in affidavits that they were certain there were direct links between the Saudi government and the attacks.[46]

There have also been allegations that the hijackers' preparations may have been given assistance by U.S. intelligence. According to CBS News, "two of the Sept. 11 hijackers who lived in San Diego in 2000 rented a room from a man who reportedly worked as an undercover FBI informant... the FBI informant prayed with them and even helped one open a bank account."[47] Doubts have been raised about the speed with which the hijackers were identified, leading to suggestions that the FBI already had the names of the hijackers in advance. In his book Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke said that at 9:59 am on September 11, which is the time when WTC2 collapsed and 8 minutes before NORAD even knew Flight 93 had been hijacked, the FBI already had a list of the 19 alleged hijackers.[48] A former high-level intelligence official said that "Whatever trail was left was left deliberately—for the F.B.I. to chase."[49]

Foreign government foreknowledge

It has been suggested that some foreign governments and intelligence agencies may have had some foreknowledge of the attacks.

Iran

Sibel Edmonds, an FBI translator, was told by another translator that the FBI received information in April 2001, from a reliable Iranian intelligence asset, that Osama Bin Laden was planning attacks on 4–5 cities with planes, and that some of the plotters were already in the country and the attacks would happen in a few months. The translator described the interviewing agents' reaction that the warnings were not specific enough to act upon.[50][51]

In 2004 the 9/11 Commission "found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the 9/11 attack." Just before their report was published the committee received evidence which caused to add to the report that the topic required further investigation.[52]

On December 22, 2010, a United States Federal Judge signed a default judgment holding Iran, the Taliban and al-Qaeda liable following an open court hearing in which the evidence was produced by the plaintiffs' attorneys which they said showed that Iran assisted the hijackers. 9/11 commission members and witnesses who claimed they were Iranian defectors and members of Ministry of Intelligence and National Security and the Iranian Revolutionary Guards also testified during the hearing. The suit Havlish, et al. v. bin Laden, et al was brought in 2001 by Fiona Havlish whose husband died in the North Tower. Abolghasem Mesbahi, who claimed he was a former Ministry of Intelligence operative in charge of Iran’s espionage operations in Western Europe testified that he was part of a task force that designed contingency plans for unconventional warfare against the United States code-named Shaitan dar Atash/Satan in Flames which included crashing hijacked passenger airliners into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the White House, and that in the summer of 2001 he received three coded messages telling him to activate the plan. An Iranian government memorandum was presented as evidence that Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei had pre knowledge of the attacks.[53][54] Several days after the ruling a spokesperson for Iran's Foreign ministry said charges that Iran “had a hand in planning the attacks and that one of al-Qaeda’s members was present inside the country is baseless” and said "With the repetition of such claims to back its political aims the U.S. is putting the peace and security of the world in jeopardy,”.[55]

In February 2012 President Obama's Director of National Intelligence James Clapper testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee that "Iran has harbored al-Qaida leaders, facilitators," and that they have been "under house arrest conditions. (Iran's rulers) have had this sort of standoff arrangement with al-Qaida, allowing (al-Qaida) to exist (inside Iran), but not to foment any operations directly from Iran, because they're very sensitive about, 'Hey, we might come after them there as well.'... So there has been this longstanding, as I say, kind of, shotgun marriage, or marriage of convenience."[52]

Israel

It was reported that the Mossad informed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in August 2001 that as many as 200 terrorists were slipping into the United States and planning "a major assault on the United States." The Israeli intelligence agency allegedly cautioned the FBI that it had picked up indications of a "large-scale target" in the United States and that Americans would be "very vulnerable."[56]

In September 2001, The New York Times and Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that four hours after the attack, the FBI arrested five Israelis who had been filming the smoking skyline from the roof of a white van in the parking lot of an apartment building, for "puzzling behavior". They were charged with illegally residing in the United States and working there without permits. The Israelis were said to have been videotaping the disaster with what was interpreted as cries of "joy and mockery".[57][58] Police found the van and a search revealed $4,700 in cash hidden, along with foreign passports and a boxcutter which aroused suspicions and led to the detention of the occupants. The men were held in detention for more than 2 months, during which time they were subjected to interrogation and lie detector tests, before being deported back to Israel; one of the men (Paul Kurzberg) refused to take the test for 10 weeks, and then failed it.[59]

The five men worked at the company Urban Moving Systems, owned and operated by Dominik Suter. After the men were arrested the FBI searched their offices and questioned Suter, however Suter fled to Israel before he could be questioned further. Eventually, Suter's name appeared on the May 2002 FBI Suspect List, along with the Sep 11 hijackers and other suspected extremists.[60]

According to a former CIA chief of operations for counterterrorism Vince Cannistraro, there was speculation that Urban Moving Systems may have been a front for an intelligence operation investigating fund-raising networks channeling money to Hamas and Islamic Jihad. On March 15, 2002, The Jewish Daily Forward claimed that the FBI had concluded that the van's driver, Paul Kurzberg, and his brother Sivan, were indeed Mossad operatives, who were in America "spying on local Arabs".[61] ABC news cited this report on June 21, 2002, adding that the FBI had concluded that the five Israelis had no foreknowledge of the attacks.[62]

In March 2001, the US Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive had issued a warning about people identifying themselves as "Israeli art students" attempting to bypass security and gain entry to federal buildings, and even to the private residences of senior federal officials. A French intelligence agency later noted "according to the FBI, Arab terrorists and suspected terror cells lived in Phoenix, Arizona, as well as in Miami and Hollywood, Florida, from December 2000 to April 2001 in direct proximity to the Israeli spy cells". The report contended that Mossad agents were spying on Mohammed Atta and Marwan al-Shehi, two of leaders of the 9/11 hijack teams.[63][64][65][66] In 2002 several officials dismissed reports of a spy ring and said the allegations were made by a Drug Enforcement Administration agent who was angry that his theories had been dismissed.[67]

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said in an August 2010 speech that no "Zionists" were killed in the attacks since, according to him, "one day earlier they were told not go to their workplace." He also remarked, "What was the story of September 11? During five to six days, and with the aid of the media, they created and prepared public opinion so that everyone considered an attack on Afghanistan and Iraq".[68] However, contrary to such conspiracy theories about Jews being warned not to go to work that day, the number of Jews who died in the attacks is variously estimated at between 270 and 400,[69][70][71] while a few Israelis died in the attack as well.[72]

France

On December 5, 2007, French authorities filed preliminary charges against Guillaume Dasquié, a reporter for the daily Le Monde, for publishing state secrets related to the 9/11 hijackings. Dasquié's April 16 article in Le Monde, titled "September 11: the French had long known" reported that the General Directorate of External Security (DGSE), had warned the U.S. of a possible terrorist plot that involved al-Qaeda hijacking planes and crashing them into buildings some eight months before 9/11. The article contained excerpts from a 328-page classified DGSE report on al-Qaeda activities which included maps, analyses, graphics, and satellite photos.[73]

Afghanistan

Moderate elements of the Taliban are reported to have given the USA advance warning of the attacks.[74] The BBC reports that Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil, the Taliban's Foreign Minister, sent the USA an advance warning of the attack following a tip-off he received from Tohir Yo‘ldosh, the leader of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. Like al-Qaeda, the Taliban allowed the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan to place training camps in Afghanistan. Tohir Yo‘ldosh was reported to have been concerned that if al-Qaeda was not stopped prior to launching the attacks, the USA would retaliate against all of Afghanistan, which would have a negative effect on his movement's efforts.

Possible warnings given to individuals

There have been claims that some individuals received warnings in advance of the attacks.[75]

On September 6, 2001, a freshman from a class of Pakistani immigrants at New Utrecht High School in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn was overheard by his English teacher, Antoinette DiLorenzo, to say that the two World Trade Center towers "won't be standing there next week." After DiLorenzo reported the incident on September 13, the youth and his older brother were questioned by the FBI and local police. According to police, the youth admitted to making the comment but he and his brother said he had been kidding.[88]

Kurt Sonnenfeld, a former videographer for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) who documented the aftermath of the attacks at the World Trade Center complex, claims that he has videotapes proving that U.S. government officials had prior knowledge of the 9/11 attacks. Sonnenfeld is currently living in Argentina, where Denver police are seeking his extradition on charges of murdering his wife.[89]

On August 30, 2001, an online posting was made with the subject "911". It warned, "Something is going to happen tomorrow . . . REPENT!" On September 4, 2001, the author of the first message, "Xinoehpoel" wrote, "Wait 7 days". This was dismissed by people reading the discussion at the time, but seven days after the message, on September 11, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked.[90]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Graham, Bradley (September 16, 2001). "At the Pentagon: Response Hampered by Confusion, Lack of Preparedness". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 17, 2001. Also published as: "Pentagon was unprepared for attack", "Pentagon explains why it didn't evacuate building", "Pentagon Unprepared for 'Something We Had Never Even Thought Of'"
  2. ↑ The Public Education Center.
  3. ↑ Lumpkin, Beverly (May 18, 2002). "Who Will Be the Red Flag Scapegoats?". ABC News. p. 4. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  4. ↑ "99 Report Warned Of Suicide Hijacking". USA TODAY. May 17, 2002.
  5. 1 2 Complete 911 Timeline: Key Warnings.
  6. ↑ Did Bush Know? :: Warning Signs of 9–11 and Intelligence Failures :: (by Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed) – Media Monitors Network.
  7. 1 2 NORAD had drills of jets as weapons By Steven Komarow and Tom Squitieri, USA TODAY. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  8. ↑ Charles Aldinger, "Pentagon crash scenario rejected before Sept. 2001", Reuters, April 14, 2004. Archived October 23, 2009.
  9. ↑ LA Times.
  10. ↑ Lumpkin, John (2002). "Agency planned exercise on Sept. 11 built around a plane crashing into a building". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  11. ↑ part 2, pp. 209, 212.
  12. ↑ part 2, p. 212.
  13. ↑ Stocks Inquiry: Millions of shares sold before disaster by James Doran, The Times, September 18, 2001.
  14. ↑ Tom Bogdanowicz and Brooks Jackson (September 24, 2001). "Probes into 'suspicious' trading". CNN. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
  15. ↑ SEC wants data-sharing system: Network of brokerages would help trace trades by terrorists October 19, 2001. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  16. ↑ Bin Laden rigged oil and gold prices – bank chief September 23, 2001. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  17. ↑ Unusual Option Market Activity and the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 by Allen M. Poteshman. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  18. ↑ Statement of Mindy Kleinberg to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States March 31, 2003.
  19. ↑ page 51 of the Commission Report, PDF.
  20. ↑ "Computer disk drives from WTC could yield clues". CNN. December 20, 2001.
  21. ↑ "Das Geheimnis der verkohlten Festplatten". Der Spiegel. December 18, 2001.
  22. ↑ "German Firm Probes Final World Trade Center Deals". Fox News. December 17, 2001.
  23. ↑ "Geheimsache World Trade Center". ZDF News. March 11, 2002.
  24. ↑ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (October 18, 2003). "FBI Bfiefing on Trading" (PDF). The assembled agents expressed no knowledge of the reported hard-drive recovery effort or the alleged scheme. Moreover, one of the New York agents pointed out, from personal experience, that everything at the WTC was pulverized to near power, making it extremely unlikely that any hard-drives survived to the extent they data be recovered.
  25. ↑ Allen M. Poteshman. "Unusual Option Market Activity and the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001". 16. The Journal of Business: 670–675. JSTOR 10.
  26. ↑ Marc Chesney; et al. (January 2010). "Detecting Informed Trading Activities in the Options Markets". Social Sciences Research Network. SSRN 1522157 Freely accessible.
  27. ↑ Wing-Keung Wong; et al. (April 2010). "Was there Abnormal Trading in the S&P 500 Index Options Prior to the September 11 Attacks?". Social Sciences Research Network. SSRN 1588523 Freely accessible.
  28. ↑ 9/11 Commission Report Executive Summary, p. 2.
  29. ↑ 9/11 Commission Report Executive Summary, p. 6.
  30. ↑ Cameron, Carl (May 17, 2002). "Clues Alerted White House to Potential Attacks". Fox News.
  31. ↑ Meacher, Michael (September 6, 2003). "This war on terrorism is bogus". The Guardian Unlimited – Comment. London: Guardian Newspapers Limited. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  32. ↑ Phucas, Keith (June 19, 2005). "Missed chance on way to 9/11". The Times Herald. Shelley Meenan. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  33. ↑ United States Congress. ""U.S. Intelligence."." Congressional Record—House. Washington, D.C.: GPO, June 27, 2005. 109th Cong., 1st sess. HR H5244.
  34. ↑ Goodwin, Jacob (n.d.). "Did DoD lawyers blow the chance to nab Atta?". GSN: Government Security News. Edward Tyler. Archived from the original on April 5, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  35. ↑ United States Congress. ""U.S. Intelligence."." Congressional Record—House. Washington, D.C.: GPO, June 27, 2005. 109th Cong., 1st sess. HR H5250. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  36. ↑ "statement" (PDF). (32.1 KB)
  37. ↑ More pre-9/11 US intelligence connections to al-Qaeda exposed and spun Online Journal.Com August 24, 2005 pdf.
  38. ↑ Claim about 9/11 takes new twist San Francisco Chronicle August 19, 2005.
  39. ↑ WELDON RESPONDS TO OMISSION OF ABLE DANGER FROM 9/11 REPORT, August 12, 2005. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  40. ↑ Rowley, Coleen (May 21, 2002). "Coleen Rowley's Memo to FBI Director Robert Mueller". Archived from the original on June 2, 2002. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
  41. ↑ FBI eMails concerning Moussaoui.
  42. ↑ Kirk, Michael; Jim Gilmore (2002). "The Man Who Knew". Transcript of Frontline program #2103. WGBH Educational Foundation. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  43. ↑ Crogan, Jim (2002). "Another FBI Agent Blows the Whistle". LA Weekly News. LA Weekly, LP. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  44. ↑ Grigg, William Norman (2002). "Did We Know What Was Coming?". The New American magazine. American Opinion Publishing Incorporated. Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  45. ↑ "Graham book: Inquiry into 9/11, Saudi ties blocked". Miami Herald.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2004.
  46. ↑ 'Direct line' between 9/11 terrorists, Saudi government, claim ex-US Senators The Expresse Tribune with The International Herald Tribune March 2, 2012
  47. ↑ "Hijackers Lived With FBI Informant". CBS News. September 9, 2002.
  48. ↑ JFK and 9/11 – Insights Gained from Studying Both by Dr. Peter Dale Scott, December 20, 2006. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  49. ↑ What Went Wrong by Seymour M. Hersh, The New Yorker, October 8, 2001. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  50. ↑ April 2, 2004 'I saw papers that show US knew al-Qa'ida would attack cities with aeroplanes' The Independent.
  51. ↑ FBI & 9/11 – by Sibel Edmonds.
  52. 1 2 May: Al-Qaida's big fat Iranian wedding Clifford May for Scripps Howard News Service
  53. ↑ Judge: Iran, Taliban, al Qaeda liable for 9/11 CBS News December 22, 2011
  54. ↑ Federal Judge Rules: Iran Behind 9/11 Attacks – OpEd Eurasia Review December 28, 2011
  55. ↑ Iran Rejects U.S. Accusations of Sept. 11 Role, Ministry Says Bloomberg
  56. ↑ Officials Told of ‘Major Assault’ Plans LA Times, RICHARD A. SERRANO and JOHN-THOR DAHLBURG|TIMES STAFF WRITERS
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  58. ↑ 5 Israelis detained for `puzzling behavior' after WTC tragedy By Yossi Melman, Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  59. ↑ "Were Israelis Detained on Sept. 11 Spies?". ABC News. June 21, 2001. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  60. ↑ Times Herald, August 29, 2005.
  61. ↑ FORWARD : News.
  62. ↑ The White Van:Were Israelis Detained on Sep 11 Spies? (June 21, 2002) at the Wayback Machine (archived August 2, 2002)
  63. ↑ "Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive: Suspicious Visitors to Federal Facilities (archived at Internet Archive". Archived from the original on January 24, 2007.
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  65. ↑ "Salon.com: The Israeli "art student" mystery".
  66. ↑ "Sunday Herald (UK) via Internet Archive: Were they part of a massive spy ring which shadowed the 9/11 hijackers and knew that al-Qaeda planned a devastating terrorist attack on the USA?". Archived from the original on April 23, 2006.
  67. ↑ Mintz, John; Dan Eggen (March 7, 2002). "U.S. officials dismiss report of Israeli spies". Washington Post. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
  68. ↑ Robin Pomeroy; Ramin Mostafavi (July 8, 2010). "Iran president: Sept. 11 attacks exaggerated – World news – Mideast/N. Africa – Iran". MSNBC. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  69. ↑ "The 4,000 Jews Rumor: Rumor surrounding Sept. 11th proved untrue. Internet Archive – which appeared in the September 12 internet edition of the "Jerusalem Post". It stated, "The Foreign Ministry in Jerusalem has so far received the names of 4,000 Israelis believed to have been in the areas of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon at the time of the attacks."". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2005. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  70. ↑ A survey of the 1,700 victims whose religion was listed found approximately 10% were Jewish indicating around 270 in total. A survey based on the last names of victims found that around 400 (15½%) were possibly Jewish. A survey of 390 Cantor Fitzgerald employees who had public memorials (out of the 658 who died) found 49 were Jewish (12½%). According to the 2002 American Jewish Year Book, New York State's population was 9% Jewish. Sixty-four percent of the WTC victims lived in New York State.
  71. ↑ "The Resuscitation of Anti-Semitism: An American Perspective: An Interview with Abraham Foxman". Jcpa.org. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  72. ↑ "Foreign Nationals Add to List of Missing in Terror Attack". ABCNEWS. Archived from the original on September 21, 2001. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  73. ↑ French journalist investigated over intelligence leaks Committee to Protect Journalists December 10, 2007.
  74. ↑ Kate Clark (September 7, 2002). "Taleban 'warned US of huge attack'". BBC News. Retrieved January 16, 2007. An aide to the former Taleban foreign minister, Wakil Ahmad Muttawakil, has revealed that he was sent to warn American diplomats and the United Nations that Osama bin Laden was due to launch a huge attack on American soil. 29, 2008 mirror
  75. ↑ snopes.com: 9/11 Forewarned Jews.
  76. ↑ Phillip Matier; Andrew Ross (September 12, 2001). "Willie Brown got low-key early warning about air travel". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  77. ↑ Willie Brown got low-key early warning about air travel at www.sfgate.com.
  78. ↑ Angelides aides damned if they do or don't at www.sfgate.com
  79. ↑ Washington Post, "Instant Messages to Israel Warned of WTC attack", September 27, 2001
  80. ↑ Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 29, 2001
  81. ↑ "FBI probing 'threatening' message, firm says", Daniel Sieberg, CNN News, September 28, 2001
  82. ↑ Odigo Clarifies Attack Messages, Newsbytes (The Washington Post), September 28, 2001
  83. ↑ http://amenusa.org/prior.htm
  84. ↑ InternetNews Realtime IT News – Odigo: Instant Messages Warned Of Terrorist Attacks at www.atnewyork.com
  85. ↑ Reinsurance Companies Wait to Sort Out Cost of Damage, New York Times, September 12, 2001. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  86. ↑ "Susan Lindauer Speaks in Seattle". YouTube. Retrieved 2011-09-17. And I said, "you think it's that soon?" And he said, "oh, it's just in a couple weeks." And I said, "oh, well, I'll go back to New York and I'll talk to the Iraqi diplomats immediately and see if they've got any word from Baghdad. I'll try one more time." And he said, "Susan, don't go back to New York. Do not go back to New York!" And I said "Richard, you think it's going to be that soon?" and he said "yeah, I don't want you going back to New York at all, until this is over." And I said, "well, I'll go up the day after tomorrow," which was August 4th. And he said "after that, never again until it's done."
  87. ↑ Collins, Michael (June 20, 2008). "M. Collins: 911 Prediction Revealed at Lindauer Hearing in NYC". "Scoop" Independent News. ProgressNow. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
  88. ↑ Between The Lines Online: A Chilling Tale | Newsweek National News | Newsweek.com
  89. ↑ Kirk Mitchell (November 18, 2009). "Fugitive unlikely to return from Argentina to Denver for murder trial". Denver Post.
  90. ↑ John Schwartz (September 17, 2001). "AFTER THE ATTACKS: THE SURVEILLANCE; Scouring the Internet in Search of the Tracks of Terrorists". The New York Times.

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