Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Lech Kuropatwiński |
| Founder | Andrzej Lepper |
| Founded | 10 January 1992 |
| Headquarters |
Aleje Jerozolimskie 30, 00-024 Warsaw |
| Ideology |
Polish nationalism Right-wing populism Agrarianism Economic nationalism Social conservatism |
| Political position | Far-right[1][2] |
| Colours | Yellow |
| Website | |
| www.samoobrona.pl | |
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej,[3] SRP) is a populist,[4][5] agrarian,[6][7] and nationalist[8] political party and trade union in Poland. Its platform combines left-wing populist economic policies with religious conservative social policies.[9]
Founded by Andrzej Lepper in 1992, the party initially fared poorly, failing to enter the Sejm. However, it was catapulted to prominence in the 2001 parliamentary election, winning 53 seats, after which it gave confidence and supply to the Democratic Left Alliance government. It elected six MEPs at the 2004 European election, with five joining the Union for Europe of the Nations and one joining the Socialist Group.
It switched its support to Law and Justice (PiS) after the 2005 election, in which it won 56 seats in the Sejm and three in the Senate. Lepper was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in the coalition government with PiS and the League of Polish Families. In 2007, he was dismissed from his position and the party withdrew from the coalition. This precipitated a new election, at which the party collapsed to just 1.5% of the vote: losing all its seats.
On August 5, 2011, the Party's leader, Andrzej Lepper, was found dead in his party's office in Warsaw. His death was ruled a suicide by hanging.
History
The party first started in parliamentary elections in 1993, gaining 2.78% votes and failing to enter the Sejm. In the 1995 elections Andrzej Lepper ran for president and gained 1.32% of the votes; in parliamentary elections in 1997, the party took 0.08%. In 2000 Samoobrona organized a campaign of blocking major roads in order to get media attention. Lepper gained 3.05% votes in the presidential elections.
The parliamentary elections in 2001 gave the party 53 seats in the Sejm, with 10.5% support, making it the third largest political force. Although officially a member of the opposition, Samoobrona backed the ruling social democratic Democratic Left Alliance in a number of key votes, giving them the majority needed to stay in power. The party has also marked its presence in the Sejm by unconventional disruptive behavior.
Among their numerous exploits there are such diverse incidents as using their own loudspeakers after being cut off for exceeding the permitted time, or claiming that the largest opposition party (Civic Platform) met with members of the Taliban in Klewki (a village near Olsztyn) to sell them anthrax.[10] Several Samoobrona members of parliament were subject to criminal investigations on charges ranging from forgery to banditry.
In the 2005 elections Samoobrona received a total of 56 seats with 11.4% support. Andrzej Lepper ran for president of Poland in the 2005 election. He received third place and 15% of the vote, a great improvement over his past performances. After the elections Samooborona temporarily shelved its most radical demands and somewhat toned down its rhetoric and along with the League of Polish Families entered into a coalition with the center-right Law and Justice party.
In December 2006 a scandal broke out when Aneta Krawczyk, a local party ex-leader accused Samoobrona leaders, notably Andrzej Lepper and Stanisław Łyżwiński of sexual harassment.[11] Subsequently, the accusation was supported by other females from within the party ranks and the issue of gaining governmental posts in exchange for sex produced a major outcry after Gazeta Wyborcza published the claims. Krawczyk also claimed her then 3-year-old daughter was Stanisław Łyżwiński's child, which proved to be incorrect following DNA testing.
In consequence Andrzej Lepper stated that Gazeta Wyborcza is part of undefined "forces" attempting to launch a coup d'état,[12] and undermine the coalition with the PiS party, which according to its programme aims at the 'moral rejuvenation' of the nation and the Polish political scene. Despite Samoobrona's leadership's denial of such practices, the evidence supplied by the numerous victims leaves little room for speculation.
In September 2007 the former Polish prime minister Leszek Miller became affiliated with Samoobrona, when he decided to run for the Sejm from their lists.
Ideology
The party's views are populist and isolationist.[13] It has also been described as nationalist.[14] The party wants state-funded agriculture, an increase in government social programs, an end to repayments of the foreign debt, introduction of an additional transaction tax and the use of financial reserves to obtain funding. The party is hostile towards foreign investments.
Poland's June 2003 referendum on membership of the European Union was an uncomfortable experience for Samoobrona. On one hand, the party's isolationism and Euroscepticism led it to call officially for a "no" vote.[15] On the other hand, most political observers believed (correctly) that the Polish would vote in favour of membership, and as a populist party Samoobrona was unhappy about the likelihood of being on the losing side. In the end, the party fought a rather ambiguous campaign, with its posters carrying the slogan "the decision belongs to you".
In 2005, Samoobrona was a founding member of the EUDemocrats pan-European political party, which professes to unite "centrist" "EU-critical" parties committed to increased democratization.
Election results
Sejm
| Election year | # of votes |
% of vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 3,247 | 0.03 (#70) | 0 / 460 |
|
| 1993 | 383,967 | 2.8 (#12) | 0 / 460 |
 |
| 1997 | 10,073 | 0.1 (#14) | 0 / 460 |
|
| 2001 | 1,327,624 | 10.2 (#3) | 53 / 460 |
 53 |
| 2005 | 1,347,355 | 11.4 (#3) | 56 / 460 |
3 |
| 2007 | 247,335 | 1.5 (#5) | 0 / 460 |
 56 |
| 2011 | 9,733 | 0.1 (#11) | 0 / 460 |
|
| 2015 | 4,266 | 0.03 (#15) | 0 / 460 |
|
Senate
| Election year | # of overall seats won |
+/– |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 0 / 100 |
|
| 1997 | 0 / 100 |
|
| 2001 | 2 / 100 |
2 |
| 2005 | 3 / 100 |
1 |
| 2007 | 0 / 100 |
3 |
| 2011 | 0 / 100 |
|
| 2015 | 0 / 100 |
|
European Parliament
| Election year | # of votes |
% of vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 656,782 | 10.8 (#4) | 6 / 54 |
|
| 2009 | 107,185 | 1.5 (#7) | 0 / 50 |
6 |
| 2014 | 2,729 | 0.04 (#12) | 0 / 51 |
|
Presidential
| Election year | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | ||
| 1995 | Andrzej Lepper | 235,797 | 1.3 (#9) | ||
| 2000 | Andrzej Lepper | 537,570 | 3.1 (#5) | ||
| 2005 | Andrzej Lepper | 2,259,094 | 15.1 (#3) | ||
| 2010 | Andrzej Lepper | 214,657 | 1.3 (#7) | ||
Regional assemblies
| Election year | % of vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 15.1 (#3) | 89 / 855 | ||||
| As part of the Social Alliance. | ||||||
| 2002 | 16.0 (#2) | 101 / 561 | ||||
| 2006 | 5.6 (#5) | 37 / 561 |
64 | |||
| 2010 | 1.1 | 0 / 561 |
37 | |||
| 2014 | 0.3 (#17) | 0 / 555 |
| |||
Leadership
- Andrzej Lepper (1992–2011)
- Andrzej Prochoń (2012)
- Lech Kuropatwiński (2012-incumbent)
See also
References
- ↑ Raymond Taras (2012). Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7486-5487-1.
- ↑ Knut Andreas Grimstad (2012). "What Europe means for Poland: The front-page coverage of Independence Day in Gazeta Wyborcza 1989–2009". In Ljiljana Saric; Karen Gammelgaard; Kjetil Rå Hauge. Transforming National Holidays: Identity Discourse in the West and South Slavic Countries, 1985-2010. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 275. ISBN 90-272-0638-4. C1 control character in
|editor1=at position 10 (help) - ↑ Name under which party is registered
- ↑ Magone, José M. (2011), Comparative European Politics: An Introduction, Routledge, p. 386
- ↑ Stijn van Kessel (2015). Populist Parties in Europe: Agents of Discontent?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-137-41411-3.
- ↑ Elisabeth Bakke (2010). "Central and East European Party Systems since 1989". In Sabrina P. Ramet. Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-139-48750-4.
- ↑ Luca Tomini (2015). Democratizing Central and Eastern Europe: Successes and Failures of the European Union. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-317-56675-5.
- ↑ Marcin Kula; Marcin Zaremba (1998). "Nationalism as an Expression of Social Conflicts in Contemporary Poland". In Ray Taras. National Identities and Ethnic Minorities in Eastern Europe: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995. Springer. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-349-26553-4.
- ↑ Reasons for popularity of populist parties - Comparison of Poland and Estonia, Monika Kaliciak, p. 6
- ↑ Anthrax claims
- ↑ Sexual harassment claims
- ↑ Lepper claims against Gazeta Wyborca
- ↑ Political parties :: CivicActive
- ↑ http://www.kuwi.euv-frankfurt-o.de/de/lehrstuhl/vs/politik1/team/gruen/SO_Paris_Paper.pdf
- ↑ Populist Parties in Poland: Samoobrona - Serious Political Entity or Farce?, “SPACE AND POWER IN EUROPE. CULTURE, COMMUNICATION, AND THE POLITICS OF IDENTITY”Timothy Campbell, GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERSITÄT, GÖTTINGEN, Master of Arts in Euroculture Program, Winter Semester 2005/2006, IP-Abstract, p. 4
