Section 123 Agreement
Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[2] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-six 123 Agreements with various countries.[3] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or is working towards having a 123 Agreement include:
- Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[7]
- Switzerland
- India (With advance consent to reprocessing)[8]
- Russia (On September 8, 2008 Pres. George W. Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[9]
- United Arab Emirates[10]
- Egypt[11]
- Thailand[6]
- Argentina[6]
- Australia[6]
- Bangladesh[6]
- Brazil[6]
- Canada[6]
- Colombia[6]
- Indonesia[6]
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)[6]
- Turkey[6]
- Kazakhstan[6]
- Republic of[6]
- South Africa[6]
- Taiwan[6]
Proposed
- Romania[12]
References
- ↑ "NUREG0980 Vol.1,No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation" (PDF). Retrieved June 2002. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ↑ Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
- ↑ National Nuclear Security Administration - 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation
- ↑ "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco". Retrieved 2001-03-02.
- ↑ "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine". Retrieved 1998-04-01. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- 1 2 3 "Long haul ahead". Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ↑ http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066944
- ↑ "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement". Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
- ↑ UAE Embassy, Press Release, December 17, 2009
- ↑ State Department, November 10, 2008
- ↑ "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania". Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved 1998-01-12. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help)
External links
123 Agreement With India
123 Agreement With UAE
- U.S. to Sign Nuclear Pact With U.A.E. Wall Street Journal, January 14, 2009
- U.S.-United Arab Emirates Memorandum of Understanding on Nuclear Energy Cooperation, State Department
- Resources on the United Arab Emirates Nuclear Energy Program
- Voice of America News, December 12, 2008
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