Sautéing

Leeks being sautéed

Sautéing (/ˈsoʊteɪ.ɪŋ/ or US: /soʊˈteɪ.ɪŋ/, /sɔːˈteɪ.ɪŋ/; from the French sauté [sote], lit. "jumped, bounced" in reference to tossing while cooking)[1] is a method of cooking food that uses a small amount of oil or fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat. Various sauté methods exist, and sauté pans are a specific type of pan designed for sautéing.

Overview

Ingredients for sautéing are usually cut into pieces or thinly sliced to facilitate fast cooking. The primary mode of heat transfer during sautéing is conduction between the pan and the food being cooked. Food that is sautéed is browned while preserving its texture, moisture, and flavor. If meat, chicken, or fish is sautéed, the sauté is often finished by deglazing the pan's residue to make a sauce.

Sautéing may be compared with pan frying, in which larger pieces of food (for example, chops or steaks) are cooked quickly in oil or fat, and flipped onto both sides. Some cooks make a distinction between the two based on the depth of the oil used, while others use the terms interchangeably.[2][3][4] Sautéing differs from searing in that searing only browns the surface of the food. Certain oils should not be used to sauté due to their low smoke point.[5][6] Clarified butter, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil are commonly used for sautéing,[7] but most fats will do. Regular butter will produce more flavor but will burn at a lower temperature and more quickly than other fats due to the presence of milk solids, so clarified butter is more fit for this use.

Methods

In a sauté, all the ingredients are heated at once, and cooked quickly. To facilitate this, the ingredients are rapidly moved around in the pan, either by the use of a utensil, or by repeatedly jerking the pan itself. A sauté pan must be large enough to hold all of the food in one layer, so steam can escape, which keeps the ingredients from stewing and promotes the development of fond. Most pans sold specifically as sauté pans have a wide flat base and low sides, to maximize the surface area available for heating. The low sides allow quick evaporation and escape of steam. While skillets typically have flared or rounded sides, sauté pans typically have straight, vertical sides. This keeps the ingredients from escaping as the pan is jerked or stirred.[8][9]

Only enough fat to lightly coat the bottom of the pan is needed for sautéing; too much fat will cause the food to fry rather than just to slide, and may interfere with the development of fond. The food is spread across the hot fat in the pan, and left to brown, turning or tossing frequently for even cooking. The sauté technique involves gripping the handle of the sauté pan firmly, and using a sharp elbow motion to rapidly jerk the pan back toward the cook, repeating as necessary to ensure the ingredients have been thoroughly jumped. Tossing or stirring the items in the pan by shaking the pan too often, however, can cause the pan to cool faster and make the sauté take longer.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Saute". Douglas Harper. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  2. ↑ "Sautéing". Alan's Kitchen.
  3. ↑ "How to Sauté (Pan Fry) and Stir-Fry". For Dummies.
  4. ↑ "The Secret To Great Saute". The Reluctant Gourmet.
  5. ↑ Jennifer Good (4/17/2012). "Healthiest Cooking Oil Comparison Chart with Smoke Points and Omega 3 Fatty Acid Ratios". The Baseline of Health Foundation.
  6. ↑ Harinageswara Rao Katragadda et. al. (2010),"Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils", Food Chemistry 1 May 2010, Vol.120(1):59–65, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.070
  7. ↑ Lydia Bell (16 July 2014). "Why olive oil should be kept out of the frying pan". The Telegraph.
  8. ↑ "Saute Pans - Choosing and Buying the Right Saute Pan". The Reluctant Gourmet.
  9. ↑ "Sauté Pans". Cook's Illustrated.
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