Mission San Fernando Rey de España

Mission San Fernando Rey de España

Mission San Fernando Rey de España, c. 1880
Location in the San Fernando Valley
Location 15151 San Fernando Mission Blvd.
Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California 91345
Coordinates 34°16′23″N 118°27′40″W / 34.2731°N 118.4612°W / 34.2731; -118.4612Coordinates: 34°16′23″N 118°27′40″W / 34.2731°N 118.4612°W / 34.2731; -118.4612
Name as founded La Misión del Señor Fernando, Rey de España[1]
English translation The Mission of Saint Ferdinand, King of Spain
Patron Ferdinand III of Castile[2]
Nickname(s) "Mission of the Valley"[3]
Founding date September 8, 1797[4]
Founding priest(s) Father Fermín Lasuén[5]
Founding Order Seventeenth[2]
Military district Second[6]
Native tribe(s)
Spanish name(s)		 Tataviam, Tongva
Fernandeno, Gabrielińo
Native place name(s) 'Achooykomenga, Pasheeknga[7]
Baptisms 2,784[8]
Marriages 827[8]
Burials 1,983[8]
Secularized 1834 (Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando)[2]
Returned to the Church 1861[2]
Governing body Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles
Current use Chapel-of-ease/Museum
Designated 1971
Delisted 1974
Reference no. 71001076
Designated October 27, 1988
Reference no. 88002147
Reference no. #157
Reference no. 23[9]

Mission San Fernando Rey de España is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles, California. The mission was founded on September 8, 1797, and was the seventeenth of the twenty-one Spanish missions established in Alta California. Named for Saint Ferdinand, the mission is the namesake of the nearby city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley.

The mission was secularized in 1834 and returned to the Catholic Church in 1861; it became a working church in 1920. Today the mission grounds function as a museum; the church is a chapel of ease of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

History

An exterior view of the Convento

In 1769, the Spanish Portola expedition - the first Europeans to see inland areas of California - traveled north through the San Fernando Valley. On August 7 they camped at a watering place near where the mission would later be established. Fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, noted in his diary that the camp was "at the foot of the mountains".[10]

Mission San Fernando Rey de España was founded on September 8, 1797 by Father Fermín Lasuén, making it the fourth mission site he had established in as many months. The prime location the padre selected had been occupied by Francisco Reyes (then Los Angeles' mayor). However, after brief negotiations construction of the first buildings was soon underway (Mission records list Reyes as godfather to the first infant baptized at San Fernando).[11]

Mission industries

The goals of the missions were, first, to spread the message of Christianity and, second, to establish a Spanish colony. Because of the difficulty of delivering supplies by sea, the missions had to become self-sufficient in relatively short order. Toward that end, neophytes were taught European-style farming, animal husbandry, mechanical arts and domestic crafts.

Mission bells

Bells were vitally important to daily life at any mission. The bells were rung at mealtimes, to call the Mission residents to work and to religious services, during births and funerals, to signal the approach of a ship or returning missionary, and at other times; novices were instructed in the intricate rituals associated with the ringing the mission bell.

A hundred-pound bell was unearthed in an orange grove near the Mission in 1920. It carried the following inscription (translated from Russian): "In the Year 1796, in the month of January, this bell was cast on the Island of Kodiak by the blessing of Archimandrite Joaseph, during the sojourn of Alexsandr Baranov." It is not known how this Russian Orthodox artifact from Kodiak, Alaska made its way to a Catholic mission in Southern California.

Later history

In 1842, six years before the California Gold Rush, a brother of the mission mayordomo (foreman) made the first Alta California gold discovery in the foothills near the mission. In memory of that discovery, the place was given the name Placerita Canyon, but only small quantities of gold were found.[5][12]

In 1845, Governor Pío Pico declared the Mission buildings for sale and, in 1846, made Mission San Fernando Rey de España de velicata his headquarters as Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando. The Mission was utilized in a number of ways during the late 19th century: north of the mission was the site of Lopez Station for the Butterfield Stage Lines; it served as a warehouse for the Porter Land and Water Company; and in 1896, the quadrangle was used as a hog farm.[13] In 1861 the Mission buildings and 75 acres of land were returned to the church, after Charles Fletcher Lummis acted for preservation. The buildings were disintegrating, as beams, tiles and nails were taken from the church by settlers.[14] San Fernando's church became a working church again in 1923 when the Oblate priests arrived. Many attempts were made to restore the old Mission from the early 20th century, but it was not until the Hearst Foundation gave a large gift of money in the 1940s, that the Mission was finally restored. The museum became the repository for heirlooms of the Mexican church evacuated during the Cristero revolt, and also holds part of the Doheny library.[15] The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, but was extensively damaged by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, and was completely rebuilt. Repairs were completed in 1974. It continues to be very well cared for and is still used as a chapel-of-ease. The Convento Building was separately listed on the Register in 1988. In 2003 comedian Bob Hope was interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Gardens; followed by his widow Dolores Hope in 2011.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Leffingwell, p. 49
  2. 1 2 3 4 Krell, p. 263
  3. ↑ Ruscin, p. 137
  4. ↑ Yenne, p. 148
  5. 1 2 Ruscin, p. 196
  6. ↑ Forbes, p. 202
  7. ↑ Ruscin, p. 195
  8. 1 2 3 Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California.
  9. ↑ Los Angeles Department of City Planning (September 7, 2007). "Historic - Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing: City Declared Monuments" (PDF). City of Los Angeles. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
  10. ↑ Bolton, Herbert E. (1927). Fray Juan Crespi: Missionary Explorer on the Pacific Coast, 1769-1774. HathiTrust Digital Library. p. 152. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  11. ↑ Young, p. 39
  12. ↑ California's First Real Gold, Leon Worden
  13. ↑ waterandpower.org, photos and history of the San Fernando Mission
  14. ↑ athanasius.com, Mission San Fernando Rey de España
  15. ↑ Davis, Mike City of Quartz London Vintage 1990 p.329 ISBN 0099998203

References

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