Naval Air Station North Island

NAS North Island
Halsey Field
Summary
Airport type Military: Naval Air Station
Operator United States Navy
Serves Naval Base Coronado
Location San Diego, California / Coronado, California
Built 1917
In use 1917 - present
Commander CAPT Christopher E. Sund
Elevation AMSL 26 ft / 8 m
Website [1]
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
11/29 7,500 2,286 PEM
18/36 8,000 2,438 PEM
Sources: Official website[2] and FAA[3]
Naval Air Station, San Diego, Historic District

Aerial photograph

NAS North Island in 1977
NAS North Island located in the southwestern tip of California
Location Coronado
Coordinates 32°41′57″N 117°12′55″W / 32.69917°N 117.21528°W / 32.69917; -117.21528Coordinates: 32°41′57″N 117°12′55″W / 32.69917°N 117.21528°W / 32.69917; -117.21528
Area 44.4 acres (18.0 ha)
Built 1917
NRHP Reference # 91000590[4]
Added to NRHP May 21, 1991
Military map of San Diego Bay, featuring North Island, Coronado, National City, and the surrounding area.

Naval Air Station North Island or NAS North Island (IATA: NZY, ICAO: KNZY, FAA LID: NZY) is located at the north end of the Coronado peninsula on San Diego Bay and is the home port of several aircraft carriers of the United States Navy. It is part of the largest aerospace-industrial complex in the United States Navy—Naval Base Coronado (NBC) in San Diego County, California.

The Commanding Officer of NAS North Island (a.k.a. NASNI) is also the Commanding Officer, Naval Base Coronado (NBC). As such, he commands or administers NASNI and seven other Naval facilities: Naval Amphibious Base Coronado (NABC); Outlying Field Imperial Beach; Silver Strand Training Complex; Remote Training Site, Warner Springs; Mountain Warfare Training Camp Michael Monsoor; Camp Morena; and Naval Auxiliary Landing Facility San Clemente Island. NBC, with only its commands in the metropolitan San Diego Area, brackets the city of Coronado from the entrance to San Diego Bay to the Mexican border. NAS North Island itself is host to 23 aviation squadrons and 80 additional tenant commands and activities, one of which, the Naval Aviation Depot, is the largest aerospace employer in San Diego.

Organization

NAS North Island also operates two other airfields in the Southern California region. One is Naval Auxiliary Landing Facility (NALF) San Clemente Island, located approximately 70 miles northwest of San Diego in the Channel Islands. The other is Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF) Imperial Beach. Formerly an independent naval air station, NOLF Imperial Beach is located in the city of Imperial Beach, on the U.S.-Mexico border, 10 miles south of NAS North Island. The air station was formerly known as Ream Field in 1950's and 1960s.

NAS North Island resembles a small city in its facility content and its operations. It has its own police and fire departments, as well as advanced military security stations. It has large factory-type buildings which comprise the Naval Aviation Depot, employing 3,300 civilians, and its own commissary, Navy Exchange, and housing units. Recreation facilities include officer, chief petty officer and enlisted clubs, movie theater, golf course, tennis courts, bowling alley, parks and beaches.

Its airfield has over 230 stationed aircraft, and its quay wall is homeport to two aircraft carriers: USS Carl Vinson and USS Theodore Roosevelt. Additionally, the base is home to the Navy's only Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles, Mystic (DSRV-1) and Avalon (DSRV-2). The DSRV motor vessel support ships are also homeported here.

North Island is headquarters for four major military flag staffs including:

With all the ships in port, the population of the station is nearly 35,000 active duty military, selected reserve military, and civilian personnel. DOD Contractors perform transportation flights from the air station to NALF San Clemente Island. These DOD Contractors also provide tactical training warfare for the United States Defense Department in joint efforts with the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. Some of these aircraft include C-26 Metroliner, Learjet, and Gulfstream aircraft.

History

North Island was commissioned a Naval Air Station in 1917, called Naval Air Station San Diego until 1955. On August 15, 1963, the station was granted official recognition as the "Birthplace of Naval Aviation" by resolution of the House Armed Services Committee.[5]

The Navy's first aviator, Lieutenant Theodore Ellyson, and many of his colleagues were trained at North Island starting as early as 1911. This was just eight years after Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first manned aircraft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. At that time, North Island was an uninhabited sand flat. It had been used in the late 19th century for horseback riding and hunting by guests of J. D. Spreckels's resort hotel, the Hotel del Coronado.

North Island derived its name from the original geography. In the nineteenth century it was referred to as North Coronado Island, because it was separated from South Coronado (now the city of Coronado) by a shallow bay known as the Spanish Bight, which was later filled in 1945 during World War II.[6] In 1886, North Coronado Island and South Coronado were purchased by a developer to become a residential resort. South Coronado, which is not an island but the terminus of a peninsula known as the Silver Strand, became the city of Coronado.

Fortunately for the Navy, North Coronado was never developed. Instead, Glenn Curtiss opened a flying school and held a lease to the property until the beginning of World War I. Curtiss invited both the Army and Navy to use the site for aviation training, with the Navy being the first to open a station in 1912. However the Navy abandoned its camp and did not return for five years, while the Army established an aviation school in 1913 at the southern end of the island. In 1917, Congress appropriated the land and two airfields were commissioned on its sandy flats. The Navy started with a tent city known as "Camp Trouble". As its name suggests, things did not always go well in the early days. The Navy shared North Island with the United States Army's Signal Corps, Air Service and Air Corps's Rockwell Field until 1937, when the Army left and the Navy expanded its operations to cover the whole of North Island.

In 1914, then-unknown aircraft builder Glenn Martin took off and demonstrated his pusher aircraft over the island with a flight that included the first parachute jump in the San Diego area. The jump was made by a ninety-pound civilian woman named Tiny Broadwick. Other aviation milestones originating at North Island included the first seaplane flight in 1911, the first mid-air refueling and the first non-stop transcontinental flight, both in 1923. One of history's most famous aviation feats was the flight of Charles A. Lindbergh from New York to Paris in May 1927. That flight originated at Rockwell Field on North Island on May 10, 1927, when Lindbergh began the first leg of his journey.[7] Forefathers of today's "Blue Angels", the three-plane "Sea Hawks" from VF-6B, the "Felix the Cat" squadron, were thrilling audiences with flight demonstrations as early as 1928. They demonstrated the training skills of Navy fighter and bomber pilots and on many occasions, flew their aircraft in formation with the wings tethered together.

USS Thach and the NAS as seen from Cabrillo National Monument.

The list of American military pilots trained at North Island reads like the Who's Who of aviation; however, America was not the only country interested in aviation early in the twentieth century. Six years before the Naval Air Station was commissioned, Glenn Curtiss trained the first group of Japanese aviators at his flying school on North Island. Among them were a Lieutenant Yamada, later the head of the Imperial Japanense Navy's Naval Aviation arm in World War II and Chikuhei Nakajima, founder of Nakajima Aircraft Company.[8]

Even the base's first commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., USN, added a degree of celebrity to North Island. His wife was Wallis Warfield, a prominent socialite who was to remarry twice and finally become Wallis Warfield Spencer Simpson Windsor, better known as the Duchess of Windsor, for whom King Edward VIII gave up his throne in 1936.

During World War II North Island was the major continental U.S. base supporting the operating forces in the Pacific. Those forces included over a dozen aircraft carriers, the Coast Guard, Army, Marines and Seabees. The city of Coronado became home to most of the aircraft factory workers and dependents of the mammoth base which was operating around the clock. Major USO entertainment shows and bond drives were held weekly at the Ship's Service auditorium, which was later replaced by the 2,100 seat Lowry Theater. Famous people stationed here or on ships home ported here during the war years included Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Guy Madison, future television cowboy star of the 1950s and 1960s as Wild Bill Hickok, was at that time Seaman Bob Mosely, a lifeguard at the NAS crews' pool. Stars like the Marx Brothers and Bob Hope appeared regularly at USO shows at the auditorium.

Construction of the seaplane ramp in 1918. 
USS Langley at North Island, 1925. 
North Island in 1924 
Four carriers (USS Constellation, USS Carl Vinson, USS Nimitz, USS John C. Stennis) at North Island, 2002 
Three carriers (U.S.S. Carl Vinson, U.S.S. Nimitz, USS Ronald Reagan) at North Island, 2010 

Tenant Squadrons

MH-60S Seahawk HH-60H Seahawk MH-60R Seahawk C-40A Clipper C-2 Greyhound

Ships

Tenant Commands

FAA Airport Diagram
Seahawks at NAS North Island

Climate

NAS North Island features some of the warmest winter temperatures anywhere on the West coast of the continental United States. Under the Köppen climate classification system, it is classified as a semi-arid climate (BSh or warm steppe).

Climate data for North Island NAS (32.7°N, 117.2°W Altitude: 7.9 m asl)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 20.4
(68.8)		 20.2
(68.3)		 20.5
(68.9)		 21.4
(70.5)		 22.1
(71.7)		 23.1
(73.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 26.1
(78.9)		 25.8
(78.5)		 24.4
(75.9)		 22.4
(72.3)		 20.2
(68.3)		 22.66
(72.77)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.4
(59.8)		 15.7
(60.3)		 16.6
(61.9)		 17.8
(64.1)		 19.1
(66.3)		 20.3
(68.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 23.1
(73.6)		 22.5
(72.5)		 20.6
(69.0)		 17.7
(63.8)		 15.2
(59.3)		 18.86
(65.94)
Average low °C (°F) 10.4
(50.8)		 11.3
(52.4)		 12.7
(54.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 16.1
(60.9)		 17.6
(63.7)		 19.3
(66.8)		 20.1
(68.2)		 19.2
(66.6)		 16.7
(62.1)		 13
(55.4)		 10.2
(50.3)		 15.07
(59.14)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 42.9
(1.69)		 51.8
(2.04)		 42.2
(1.66)		 18.3
(0.72)		 2
(0.08)		 1.5
(0.06)		 0.5
(0.02)		 0.5
(0.02)		 3.8
(0.15)		 16.5
(0.65)		 23.6
(0.93)		 35.3
(1.39)		 238.9
(9.41)
Source #1: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals
Source #2: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/normal_mly/stations/GHCND:USW00093112/detail

See also

References

  1. ↑ Naval Base Coronado. Cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
  2. ↑ NAS North Island, official website, retrieved 2009-03-04
  3. ↑ FAA Airport Master Record for NZY (Form 5010 PDF), effective 2007-10-25
  4. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  5. ↑ CNIC/Naval Base Coronado
  6. ↑ La Tourette, Robert, LT USN (June 1968). "The San Diego Naval Complex". United States Naval Institute Proceedings.
  7. ↑ Log of the Spirit of St. Louis
  8. ↑ www.militarymuseum.org
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