Sameera Moussa
| Sameera Moussa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
March 3, 1917 El Gharbia, Egypt |
| Died |
August 5, 1952 (aged 35) California |
| Other names | Mother of Atomic Energy |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Known for | "Atoms for Peace" |
Sameera Moussa (Egyptian Arabic: سميرة موسى) (March 3, 1917 - August 5, 1952) was an Egyptian nuclear physicist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all. She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner "Atoms for Peace".
Youth and college
Moussa was born in Egypt in Gharbia Governorate in 1917. Her mother died of cancer, her father, Nabawya Moussa, a famous political activist, then moved with his daughter to Cairo and invested his money in a small hotel in the El-Hussein region. At the insistence of her father, Moussa attended Kaser El-Shok primary school, one of the oldest schools in Cairo. After she completed her primary education, she joined the Banat El-Ashraf school, which was built and managed by her father.
Despite the fact that Moussa got high grades in her secondary education, and could have gotten into engineering, she insisted on joining the Faculty of Sciences at Cairo University. In 1939, Moussa obtained a BSc in radiology[1] with first class honors after researching the effects of X-ray radiation on various materials. Dr. Moustafa Mousharafa, the first dean of the faculty, believed in his student enough to help her become a remarkable lecturer at the faculty. Afterwards, she became the first assistant professor at the same faculty and the first woman to hold a university post, being the first to obtain a PhD in atomic radiation.
Nuclear research
Moussa believed in "Atoms for Peace" and was known to say "My wish is to see nuclear treatment as available and as cheap as Aspirin". She worked hard for this purpose and throughout her intensive research, she came up with a historic equation that would help break the atoms of cheap metals such as copper, paving the way for a cheap nuclear bomb.[2]
She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner "Atom for Peace", where many prominent scientists were invited.[1] The conference made a number of recommendations for setting up a committee to protect against nuclear hazards, for which she strongly advocated. Moussa also volunteered to help treat cancer patients at various hospitals especially since her mother went through a fierce battle against this disease.
Visits to the United States
Moussa received a scholarship from the Fulbright Atomic Program in order to be acquainted with the modern research facilities at California University. In recognition of her pioneering nuclear research, she was given permission to visit the secret US atomic facilities.[2] The visit raised vehement debate in United States academic and scientific circles since Moussa was the first alien to have access to such facilities.[2]
She turned down several offers that required her to live in the United States and to be granted the American citizenship saying "Egypt, my dear homeland, is waiting for me".
Death
On August 5, 1952 after her first visit to America she intended to return home, but she was invited on a trip. On the way, the car fell from a height of 40 feet, which killed her immediately. The mystery of the accident, since the invitation to California was shown to be untrue later on, besides the vanishing of the car driver who jumped from the car just before it rushed down, made some people believe it was a planned assassination. It is alleged that the Israeli Mossad was behind Moussa's murder by a Judeo-Egyptian actress, Raqya Ibrahim (Rachael Abraham).[3][4]
Awards and honors
In recognition to her efforts, she was granted many awards. Among them were:
- 1953, when she was honored by the Egyptian Army.
- 1981, when she was awarded the Order of Science and Arts, First Class, by then-President Anwar Sadat.
- A laboratory at the Faculty of Science and a school in her village were named after her.
- The Egyptian TV transmitted a serial titled The Immortal dramatizing her biography.
- In 1998, while celebrating the Egyptian Woman Day, it was decided to establish a cultural solace in her birthplace bearing her name.
- A book was published covering her life and scientific contributions.
References
- 1 2 Aslam, Syed (12 May 2011). "20th Century Muslim Scientists - Sameera Moussa". The Muslim Observer. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- 1 2 3 "Dr. Sameera Moussa". State Information Service. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- ↑ Zvi Bar'el. "As Egypt elections near, one candidate faces the worst accusation – Jew". Haaretz.
- ↑ "Raqia Ibrahim: Egyptian Jewish Actress Recruited by Israel to Prevent Egypt Owning Nuclear Bomb" Egypt Independent (1 December 2014).