Sakalava weaver

Sakalava weaver
↑ male, ↓ female
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Ploceidae
Genus: Ploceus
Species: P. sakalava
Binomial name
Ploceus sakalava
Hartlaub, 1861

The Sakalava weaver (Ploceus sakalava) sometimes known as the Sakalava fody is a species of bird in the Ploceidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. The bird is 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 20–28 g (0.71–0.99 oz).[2]

Taxonomy

The sakalava weaver was first described by Gustav Hartlaub in 1861, based on a specimen collected by Victor Sganzin during an expedition in 1831-32 on Madagascar. The species epithet sakalava is derived from the Sakalava tribe, whose name means "people of the long valleys". The first English name was given to the bird only in 1891 by James Sibree, who named it Sakalava Weaver-bird.[3] "Sakalava weaver" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC).[4] Another English name that is sometimes used is Sakalava Fody.[3] Local names in the Malagasy language include fodibeotse, fodisahy, tsiaka, draky and zaky.[5]

Based on recent DNA-analysis, the genus Ploceus is almost certainly polyphyletic. If all species currently included in the genus would remain and the genus would be made monophyletic, it would have to encompass the entire subfamily Ploceinae. The Ploceinae can be divided into two groups. In the first group, the widowbirds and bishops (genus Euplectes) are sister to a clade in which the genera Foudia and Quelea are closest relatives and which further includes the Asiatic species of Ploceus, i.e. P. manyar, P. philippinus, P. benghalensis, P. megarhynchus, (and P. hypoxanthus, although untested). Since Georges Cuvier picked P. philippinus as the type species, these five species would logically remain assigned to the genus Ploceus.

Basic to the second group is a clade consisting of both species sofar included in Ploceus that live on Madagascar, P. nelicourvi and P. sakalava, and these are morphologically very distinctive from the remaining species. These two species could in future be assigned to the genus Nelicurvius that was erected by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850, but which was merged with Ploceus later on. This second group further contains the genera Malimbus and Anaplectes, and all remaining Ploceus species.[6]

subfamily Ploceinae




"true Ploceus"

the five Asian species of Ploceus


genus Foudia

genus Quelea

genus Euplectes

"reinstated Nelicurvius"


P. sakalava

P. nelicourvi



"extended Malimbus"

all mainland African species of "Ploceus", Malimbus and Anaplectes




Distribution

It is found in small flocks. Its natural habitat is the dry lowland forests and scrubland of the north, west and south of Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

Description

The adult male has a yellow head and upper breast during the breeding season, with a pale grey belly and light and brown wings with white wing-tips. The male has distinctive red eye-rings and silver bill extending with a 'V' shape into the forehead. The non-breeding male has a dark brown head and pale grey breast, flanked with white.

The female has the appearance more of a house sparrow with pale almost white breast and duller slightly pink bill. The female also has a red eye-ring and sometimes small flashes of red around the eye.

Ecology and behaviour

Nests

Like in other true weaver birds, the roofed nest is woven from strips of grass leaf, but the sakalava weaver also uses strips of palm fond, or thatching and weaving materials collected in villages. The top is woven directly around a branch or it is attached from a short woven stalk. It is shaped like a retort, with a pear-shaped nesting chamber and a long entrance tunnel hanging from the top. The fabric is thin but dense, although less so with the tunnel, that may be slightly transparent and which may also be somewhat wider at both ends.[7]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Ploceus sakalava". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. ↑ "Sakalava weaver". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
  3. 1 2 "Sakalava Weaver Ploceus sakalava". Weaver Watch. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  4. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Old World sparrows, snowfinches & weavers". World Bird List Version 7.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
  5. ↑ "Sakalava weaver". Avibase. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
  6. ↑ De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  7. ↑ Safford, Roger; Hawkins, Frank (2013). The Birds of Africa. VIII: The Malagasy Region: Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes. Bloomsbury publishing. Retrieved 2017-06-13.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.