Sajsi

Sajsi is the name of an ancient lake in the Andes

The existence of ancient lakes in the Altiplano was proposed as early as 1882. At first, a Lake Minchin was identified with ages of 30,000 years or older; later additional lake cycles were recognized.^[1] The minor ones include Inca Huasi, Salinas and Coipasa. The major ones include Lake Tauca and Ouki.^[2] Because of this, it was proposed that Lake Minchin was actually a combination of several different ancient lakes.^[3]

This lake occupied the area of the current Salar de Uyuni;^[4] it also covered the Salar de Coipasa but it is not clear whether and how it extended in the Lake Poopo.^[5] Its waters reached altitudes of 3,670 metres (12,040 ft) and its depth did not exceed 17 metres (56 ft).^[6] A sample dated 23,700 ± 2,600 years ago by uranium-thorium dating indicates that lake levels at that point were about 15 metres (49 ft) deep in the Uyuni basin.^[7] Water levels subsequently decreased to less than 5 metres (16 ft) above the present day levels before Lake Tauca formed,^[8] however both the timing and the history of water levels are uncertain.^[9] The surface area of the lake may have been 21,000 square kilometres (8,100 sq mi) during the highstand.^[10] By 19,900 ± 900 - 18,700 ± 200 years ago, the Lake Tauca was beginning to form.^[7] The so-called "L2" unit in drill cores in Salar de Uyuni may correspond to both the Sajsi and the later Lake Tauca cycle.^[11] Sr isotope data indicate that about 41% of the water in Sajsi came from Lake Poopo and 4% from Lake Titicaca.^[12]

Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for Sajsi-age ooids and tufa, uncalibrated they range from 17,080 ± 720 to 20,830 ± 140 years ago.^[13] Later dates indicated that the lake existed between 25,000 and 19,000 years ago and reached its maximum depth 23,000 years ago.^[7] The existence of this lake coincides with the Last Glacial Maximum. Earlier, lakes had formed in the Laguna Blanca, the Salar de Atacama,^[4] as well as the Pozuelos Basin in northwest Argentina.^[14] Given the small size of the glacial Sajsi and Inca Huasi paleolakes, it is likely that the Last Glacial Maximum was accompanied by a dry climate on the Altiplano.^[8] Glacier expansion is recorded at that time in Northwest Argentina.^[15] The second Heinrich event seems to coincide with the Sajsi lake period.^[16]

A maximum in local insolation about 21,000 years ago coincides with the existence of the Sajsi lake but was probably not responsible for the lake's existence.^[17] Farther south, precipitation in the drainage area of the Rio Salado had increased by 10 millimetres per year (0.012 in/Ms) during the Sajsi time,^[18] and the Bolivian Chaco likewise shows evidence of increased precipitation.^[19] The Sajsi lake was apparently followed by Lake Tauca, but evidence is lacking.^[20] Another theory postulates that Sajsi was simply a sub-phase of Lake Tauca,^[21] an interpretation applied in particular to data taken from drill cores.^[22]

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