Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics
| Sailing at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad | ||||||||||||||||
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| Venues | Savannah | |||||||||||||||
| Dates |
First race: 22 July 1996 Last race: 2 August 1996 | |||||||||||||||
| Sailors | 461 (361 male, 100 female) from 78 countries | |||||||||||||||
| Boats and Boards | 312 | |||||||||||||||
| Top ranked countries | ||||||||||||||||
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Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly 1916, sailing was always a part of the Olympic program. The Sailing program of 1996 consisted of a total of ten sailing classes (disciplines). For each class, with the exception of the Soling, eleven races were scheduled from July 22 to August 2, 1996 off the coast of Savannah at the Wassaw Sound (an area of the Atlantic Ocean). For the Soling ten fleetraces were scheduled followed by a series of matchraces for the top 6 boats of the fleetrace result. The sailing was done on the various types of course configurations.
Venue
| Day Marina | |
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| Coordinates: 31°56′01″N 80°56′59″W / 31.93361°N 80.94972°W |
According to the IOC statutes the contests in all sport disciplines must be held either in, or as close as possible to the city which the IOC has chosen. An exception was made for the Olympic yachting events, which customarily must be staged on the open sea. On account of this principle, the city of Savannah was chosen for the organization of the sailing events. Spectators were given the opportunity to board boats that will sail out to the courses to provide a close look at the competition. About 1000 spectators per day made use of the opportunity.
The sailing events were held off the coast of Savannah at the Wassaw Sound and the Atlantic Ocean. The venue used three locations:
- Satellite Olympic Village in Savannah
- Olympic marina on Wilmington Island. The Stars and Solings, were towed between the Olympic marina and their race areas.
- Day marina, a temporary barge system (14,000 m2) near the north side of Wassaw Sound at the mouth of the Wilmington River. The day marina was used as a forward launch area for the dinghies and windsurf boards.
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Blue = Alpha course
Green = Bravo course
Yellow = Charly course
Red = Delta course
Separate course areas were used for the following pairs of classes:
- Mistral one-design (men and women)
- Europe and Laser
- Finn and Star
- 470 (men and women)
- Tornado and Soling (fleetracing)
- Soling (matchracing)
Competition
Overview
| Continents | Countries | Classes | Boats | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 78 | 10 | 312 | 361 | 100 |
Continents
Countries
Blue: Water
Gray: Never participated in OG
Dark Gray: Participated in earlier OG
Green: Country participated for the first time
Dark Blue: Country participated also on previous games
Red: Country boycotted the sailing event of the OG
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Classes (equipment)
| Class | Type | Event | Sailors | Trapeze | Mainsail | Jibb/Genoa | Spinnaker | First OG | Olympics so far |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mistral One Design Class | Surfboard |  | 1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1996 | 1 |
| Mistral One Design Class | Surfboard |  | 1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1996 | 1 |
| Europe | Dinghy | | 1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1992 | 2 |
| Laser | Dinghy |  | 1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1996 | 1 |
| Finn | Dinghy | | 1 | 0 | + | - | - | 1952 | 12 |
| 470 | Dinghy | | 2 | 1 | + | + | + | 1988 | 3 |
| 470 | Dinghy | | 2 | 1 | + | + | + | 1976 | 6 |
| Tornado | Multihull | | 2 | 1 | + | + | - | 1976 | 6 |
| Star | Keelboat | | 2 | 0 | + | + | - | 1932 | 14 |
| Soling | Keelboat | | 3 | 0 | + | + | + | 1972 | 7 |
| 1996 Olympic Classes designs | ||
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Medal summary
Women's events
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
 1996: Women's Mistral One Design |
.svg.png){kind=small} Hong Kong (HKG)Lee Lai Shan |
 New Zealand (NZL)Barbara Kendall |
 Italy (ITA)Alessandra Sensini |
 1996: Europe |
 Denmark (DEN)Kristine Roug |
 Netherlands (NED)Margriet Matthijsse |
 United States (USA)Courtenay Becker-Dey |
 1996: Women's 470 |
 Spain (ESP)Theresa Zabell Begoña Vía-Dufresne |
 Japan (JPN)Yumiko Shige Alicia Kinoshita |
 Ukraine (UKR)Ruslana Taran Olena Pakholchik |
Men's events
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996: Men's Mistral One Design |
 Greece (GRE)Nikolaos Kaklamanakis |
 Argentina (ARG)Carlos Espinola |
 Israel (ISR)Gal Fridman |
 1996: Finn |
 Poland (POL)Mateusz Kusznierewicz |
.svg.png){kind=small} Belgium (BEL)Sebastien Godefroid |
Netherlands (NED) Roy Heiner |
| 1996: Men's 470 |
Ukraine (UKR) Yevhen Braslavets Ihor Matviyenko |
 Great Britain (GBR)John Merricks Ian Walker |
 Portugal (POR)Victor Rocha Nuno Barreto |
Open events
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
 1996: Laser |
 Brazil (BRA)Robert Scheidt |
Great Britain (GBR) Ben Ainslie |
 Norway (NOR)Peer Moberg |
 1996: Tornado |
Spain (ESP) Fernando León José Luis Ballester |
 Australia (AUS)Mitch Booth Andrew Landenberger |
Brazil (BRA) Lars Grael Henrique Pellicano |
| 1996: Star |
Brazil (BRA) Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
 Sweden (SWE)Hans Wallen Bobby Lohse |
Australia (AUS) Colin Beashel David Giles |
 1996: Soling |
 Germany (GER)Jochen Schümann Thomas Flach Bernd Jäkel |
 Russia (RUS)Georgi Shayduko Dmitri Shabanov Igor Skalin |
United States (USA) Jeff Madrigali Jim Barton Kent Massey |
Medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil (BRA) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | Spain (ESP) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Germany (GER) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Greece (GRE) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Hong Kong (HKG) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Poland (POL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 9 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 12 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
.svg.png){kind=small} Japan (JPN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| New Zealand (NZL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 18 | United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 19 | Israel (ISR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Portugal (POR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
Remarks
Wildcards
After the qualification was finished the following sailors were granted a wildcard:
-
Algeria (ALG) - Mistral One Design Men, (No show) -
Guatemala (GUA) - Mistral One Design Men, Cristian Ruata (45th) -
Indonesia (INA) - Mistral One Design Men, I Gusti Made Oka Sulaksana (13th) -
Thailand (THA) - Mistral One Design Men, Arun Homraruen (21st) -
Guam (GUM) - Laser, Brett Chivers, (44th) -
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San Marino (SMR) - Laser, Luca Belluzzi (56th) -
Sudan (SUD) - Laser, (No show) -
Cuba (CUB) - 470 Men, Pedro Fernández & Angel Alfredo Jimenez (26th) - Sudan (SUD) - 470 Men, (No show)
Incidents
- The Olympic sailing facility at Savannah was before the opening of the Olympic Games (July 10) within the Hurricane Bertha warning area. Tornados, Stars and Solings were moved to the Sheraton facility. The Day Marina and the Sheraton were evacuated; the evacuation was complete by 6 PM.
- On July 27, a bomb exploded in Centennial Park in Atlanta, one person died, and 111 were injured, though the Games continued.
Measurement
- In the Soling some irregularities were found in the construction of the hull. The Soling Class rules specify the hull laminate for each part of the hull. The measurement methods in the Soling are of high standards to ensure the One Design principle. The USA boat was found correct. . The Danish team however was randomly assigned the Spanish spare boat from the pool.
- In the 470 men the team from the USA also needed to use a spare boat.
Weather conditions
The winds on a typical day in Savannah begin is as follows:
- In the morning a light breeze from the west to the Northwest at about 5 knots
- The winds diminish in the late mornings
- By midday, the sea breeze circulation begins. When the sea breeze does rise, the winds backs to the south and Southeast
- Wind speed in the afternoon average between 7 and 12 knots
Olympic weather reports were provided by the National Weather Service from the locations Atlanta and Savannah. Doppler weather radar was used from Charleston, South Carolina. From Jacksonville, Florida the weather above the offshore courses was observed.
Sailors
During the Sailing regattas at the 1996 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:
| Sailors at the 1996 Olympic Games | ||||||||||||||||
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Notes
References
- The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (1997). The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume I Planning and Organization (PDF). Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
- The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (1997). The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume II The Centennial Olympic Games (PDF). Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
- The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (1997). The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume III The Competition Results (PDF). Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
- Hugh Drake & Paul Henderson (2009). Canada's Olympic Sailing Legacy, Paris 1924 - Beijing 2008. Toronto: CYA.
- Kubatko, Justin. "Sailing at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- "IYRU Olympic Update". ISAF. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
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