Saab 96

Saab 96
Overview
Manufacturer Saab
Production 1960-1980
Assembly
Designer Sixten Sason
Body and chassis
Class Compact
Body style 2-door sedan [1]
Layout Longitudinal front-engine, front-wheel drive
Related Saab 95
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 3-speed manual
  • 4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,488 mm (98.0 in)
Length 4,050 mm (159.4 in)
Width 1,570 mm (61.8 in)
Height 1,473 mm (58.0 in)
Kerb weight 873–950 kg (1,925–2,094 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Saab 93
Successor Saab 99
Saab 96 De Luxe 1961
Saab 96 De Luxe 1961
Saab Sport, a modified version of the Saab 96
Saab 96
Rear view of a 1961 Saab 96 with sunroof
Saab 96 1965
Sunroof model of a 1965 Saab 96 at Daly College in Indore, India
1979 Saab 96; this particular car is a limited edition model in metallic aquamarine blue for the Netherlands, celebrating Saab's 25 years in that market

The Saab 96 is an automobile manufactured and marketed by Saab from 1960 to January 1980, replacing the 93. The 96 featured aerodynamic two-door bodywork, four passenger seating and at first a two-stroke, three-cylinder engine, later a four-stroke V4.

Body design

Compared with its predecessor, the Saab 93, the 96 featured greater and more easily accessible storage space and larger rear window. The front end was lengthened for 1965 models, in preparation for a new engine, and the radiator was placed ahead of the engine, rather than above and behind, a leftover from the thermosiphon cooling days. Both front and rear windows were enlarged slightly for 1968 models.

Engine

The Saab 96 had a longitudinally mounted engine layout. As first designed, it had a 841 cc, 38 hp (28 kW) three-cylinder Saab two-stroke engine. By 1965 this was increased to 40 hp (30 kW). An optional 57 hp (43 kW) version of the engine, with triple carburetors and oil injection, was used in the Sport and Monte Carlo models. The additional power was obtained from a modified cylinder head and filled crankshaft counterweights offering higher overall compression ratio. The Saab 96 of 1964 was tweaked to 42 hp (31 kW). For 1966 models, the standard 96 841 cc engine, using pre-mix oil, appeared with a three throat Solex carburetor in which the center carburetor handled start, idle, and low speed functions, increasing the power to 46 hp (34 kW). The same carburetor had been used in the Monte Carlo and Sport models. A common throttle shaft minimized carburetor synchronization problems.

In 1967, Saab began marketing the 96V4, with the Ford Taunus V4 engine, a four-stroke 1498 cc V4 engine, originally developed for the 1962 Ford Taunus 15M. Saab's project to source a four-stroke engine was dubbed 'Operation Kajsa'. The two-stroke option was offered until 1968. Four-stroke engines had been tested before, between 1962 and 1964 Kjell Knutsson and Ingvar Andersson under Rolf Mellde tested three different engines: a 45 hp Lloyd Arabella 897cc; a 33 hp BMC A-Series 848cc engine and a Lancia Appia engine of 1089cc and 48 hp. However Rolf Mellde's view that Saab needed to switch to a four-stroke engine was stopped higher up by CEO Tryggve Holm. Mellde then went behind the back of Holm and made contact with Marc Wallenberg, son of Marcus Wallenberg, Saab's major stockholder. The coup succeeded and testing could begin. The tested engines were Volvo B18, Ford V4, Triumph 1300, Lancia V4 engine, Opel, Volkswagen and Hillman Imp.

The B18 was the most reliable, but the Ford V4 was not far behind and was significantly easier to fit into the engine bay of the 96. The testing was done in secrecy. Rolf Mellde took a leave of absence and said he was going to run his father's paint shop. In reality he went to Desenzano in northern Italy with a 96V4 prototype for testing. With five months to go before production only seven persons knew about the new engine. To maintain secrecy they rented a house west of Kristinehamn. To keep purchases of V4 specific parts secret they started the company Maskinverktyg AB. The ordinary purchase department at Saab was oblivious to what was going on, something that caused an incident when Rune Ahlberg cancelled the orders for cables for the two-stroke engine and the purchase department called the supplier and sharply told them to keep their deliveries. In the last week of July, just before the summer holidays, information about the new engine was released to further people and they were informed that full-scale production would start in four weeks. To keep secrecy, 40 of the ordinary staff were told to report to work to fix a problem with the disc brakes. Just prior to the official introduction, a journalist noticed a lorry loaded with 96s with V4 stickers on the front bumpers.[2]

The ordinary V4 engines produced between 1967 and 1976 had 65 hp (48 kW). For the Swedish 1976 model year, the car - now known as the 96L - had its power reduced to 62 PS due to new Swedish emission regulations. However, the 1977-1980 models had 68 PS (50 kW),[3] due to a two-stage Solex 32TDID carburetor. The V4 96 managed 0–100 km/h in 16 seconds. In August 1975 (called "1975B" in Sweden as the less powerful engine was kept for cars marketed after the beginning of the new year, when the new emissions standards took effect), the car received new impact absorbing bumpers similar to those on the 99 and an altered bottom plate which allowed the rear seat to be moved 5 cm (2.0 in) further back.[4]

In the US, the two-stroke engine was called the 'Shrike' in 1967 and 1968. Its displacement was reduced slightly for 1968, to 795 cc, to avoid emission regulations which exempted engines under 50 cu in (819 cc).[5] The V4s used in US cars had a 1500 cc high compression engine with 73 hp (54 kW; 74 PS).[5] For the 1971 model year it was switched to a 1700 cc low compression engine, so as not to lose power while meeting new emissions regulations.[6] Stated power dropped to 65 hp (48 kW; 66 PS) for 1972 as SAE gross figures were abandoned in favor of the lower net ratings. 1973 was the last year that the 96/95 were available in the United States.[7]

Drive train

The Saab 96 and its station wagon sibling, the Saab 95, featured column mounted tranmsmission levers. The gearbox originally had three gears, the first unsynchronised. Later, a four-speed option, with synchromesh first gear, was offered and the three-speed was phased out.

An unusual feature of the Saab drivetrain was a 'freewheel' (overrunning clutch). This allowed the transmission to run faster than the engine, such as when decelerating, or descending a long hill. Although such freewheels had been provided in other cars before as an economy measure,[8] they were required in the Saab because of the limited lubrication in the two-stroke engine. A petroil-lubricated two-stroke requires lubrication according to its speed, but provides this lubrication according to the amount of its throttle opening. Where the engine operates at high RPM and low throttle (such as when coasting down a long hill), the lubrication provided may be inadequate. With the freewheel, a coasting engine could reduce its speed to idling, thus requiring only the small lubrication available from the closed, coasting, throttle. In certain higher-performance models and in later two-stroke models, direct injection of oil into the engine from a separate reservoir allowed lubrication to be a function of engine RPM and rendered mixing of oil with gasoline unnecessary.[9]

Freewheeling was retained in the four-stroke variant, until the end of production and in the Saab 99 with the 1709 cc Triumph engine. A minor drawback to the freewheel, particularly for drivers unfamiliar with the Saab, is that it makes engine braking unavailable although it could be manually engaged or disengaged by a control in the foot-well. Fixed wheel engagement, using the foot, could be difficult, as it involved pulling a 'T handle' intended for manual operation.[9]

Suspension

The front suspension used double wishbones and coil springs, while the rear suspension was a trailing U-beam axle with coil springs. Telescopic dampers were used for all four wheels. Up to model year 1967 models had drum brakes all around. Starting 1967, with the coming of the V4 engine, models were fitted with front disc brakes.[10]

Saab 96 in rallies

The Saab 96 was driven most famously by Erik Carlsson, in many international rallies. His most famous successes were first in the 1960, 1961 and 1962 RAC Rallies and first in the 1962 and 1963 Monte Carlo Rallies. It was these successive, top-level victories that put the Saab 96 'on the map' and established its reputation for reliability and toughness. Carlsson also competed in the East African Safari Rally. Famous rallying names such as Simo Lampinen, Per Eklund, Pat Moss-Carlsson, Tom Trana, Stig Blomqvist and Carl Orrenius have also been connected with the Saab 96.

WRC Victories

No. Event Season Driver Co-driver Car
1 Sweden 24th International Swedish Rally 1973 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Arne Hertz Saab 96 V4
2 Sweden 26th International Swedish Rally 1976 Sweden Per Eklund Sweden Björn Cederberg Saab 96 V4

Land speed record

On August 16, 2011 a 1966 Saab 96 driven by Alex LaFortune set a new speed record at the Bonneville Salt Flats for stock body production cars with 750 cc engines at 110.113 MPH.[11] (The previous record, set in 2008, was held by a Honda Z600.)

Production numbers

The last production date for the Saab 96 was January 11, 1980 (VIN 96806002814), the last VIN (96806002820) was produced on January 3, 1980. These cars were built by Valmet Automotive in Uusikaupunki, Finland.

The Saab 96 was succeeded by the Saab 99, introduced in 1967,[12] and subsequently by the Saab 900, introduced in 1978.[13] A total of 547,221 were made. Its place at the Uusikaupunki plant was taken over by the similar sized Talbot Horizon.[14]

Postage stamps

The Saab 96 features on several postage stamps. A Monte-Carlo Rally Saab 96, driven by Erik Carlsson, appears on a Swedish stamp.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Michael Sedgwick & Mark Gillies, A to Z of Cars 1945 to 1970, Haymarket Publishing Ltd, 1986, page 174
  2. ↑ "Olle Granlund: Minnesanteckningar från införandet av fyrtaktsmotorn i Saab 95/96 1966". Saabveteranernatrollhattan.com. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
  3. ↑ Iliev, Andrei. "The SAAB Way: 1977". Griffin Models. Archived from the original on 2015-10-12.
  4. ↑ Iliev, Andrei. "The SAAB Way: 1976". Griffin Models. Archived from the original on 2016-10-28.
  5. 1 2 Flammang, James M. (1994). Standard Catalog of Imported Cars, 1946-1990. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, Inc. p. 559. ISBN 0-87341-158-7.
  6. ↑ Flammang, p. 561
  7. ↑ Flammang, pp. 562-563
  8. ↑ Such as some early post-war Rovers and pre-war Chryslers
  9. 1 2 Markovitch, Alex (January 1969), "Small Sporty Sedans", Popular Mechanics, Hearst Magazines, 131 (1), ISSN 0032-4558
  10. ↑ Gunnar A. Sjögren, "the SAAB way", 1984, page 35.
  11. ↑ scta-bni.org
  12. ↑ "SAAB History". media.gm.com. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
  13. ↑ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 10, 1983). "Automobil Revue '83" (in German and French). 78. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG: 489. ISBN 3-444-06065-3.
  14. ↑ "rootes-chrysler.co.uk". rootes-chrysler.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-12-01.

Further reading

Saab, road car timeline, 1950–1979 — next »
Type 1950s 1960s 1970s
0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
Compact car 92 93 95/96
99
Entry-level luxury car 900
Grand tourer GT Sport
Sports car 94 97/Sonett
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.