STS-81

STS-81
Spacecraft properties
Atlantis launches on STS-81

Mission type	Shuttle-Mir
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1997-001A
SATCAT no.	24711
Mission duration	10 days, 4 hours, 56 minutes, 30 seconds
Distance travelled	6,100,000 kilometres (3,800,000 mi)
Orbits completed	160


Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Atlantis
Payload mass	2,250 kilograms (4,960 lb)


Crew
Crew size	6
Members	Michael A. Baker Brent W. Jett, Jr. Peter J.K. Wisoff John M. Grunsfeld Marsha S. Ivins
Launching	Jerry M. Linenger
Landing	John E. Blaha


Start of mission
Launch date	12 January 1997, 09:27:23 (1997-01-12UTC09:27:23Z) UTC
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39B


End of mission
Landing date	22 January 1997, 14:23:51 (1997-01-22UTC14:23:52Z) UTC
Landing site	Kennedy SLF Runway 33


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	380 kilometres (240 mi)
Apogee	392 kilometres (244 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	92.2 min


Docking with Mir
Docking port	SO starboard
Docking date	15 January 1997, 03:54:49 UTC
Undocking date	20 January 1997, 02:15:44 UTC
Time docked	4 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes 55 seconds

Left to right - Front: Jett, Baker; Back: Grunsfeld, Blaha, Wisoff, Linenger, Ivins Space Shuttle program

STS-81 was a January 1997 Space Shuttle Atlantis mission to the Mir space station.

Crew

Position	Launching Astronaut	Landing Astronaut
Commander	Michael A. Baker Fourth spaceflight
Pilot	Brent W. Jett, Jr. Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1	Peter J.K. Wisoff Third spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2	John M. Grunsfeld Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3	Marsha S. Ivins Fourth spaceflight
Mission Specialist 4	Jerry M. Linenger EO-22 Second spaceflight	John E. Blaha EO-22 Fifth spaceflight

Mission highlights

Atlantis launches at the beginning of the STS-81 mission to the Mir Space Station.

Mir space station as seen during docking.

STS-81 was the fifth of nine planned missions to Mir and the second one involving an exchange of U.S. astronauts. Astronaut John Blaha, who had been on Mir since 19 September 1996, was replaced by astronaut Jerry Linenger. Linenger spent more than four months on Mir. He returned to Earth on Space Shuttle Mission STS-84.

Atlantis carried the SPACEHAB double module providing additional middeck locker space for secondary experiments. During the five days of docked operations with Mir, the crews transferred water and supplies from one spacecraft to the other. A spacewalk by Linenger and one of his Russian cosmonaut crewmates occurred after the departure of Atlantis.

The STS-81 mission included several experiments in the fields of advanced technology, Earth sciences, fundamental biology, human life sciences, microgravity, and space sciences. It was hoped that data would supply insight for the planning and development of the International Space Station, Earth-based sciences of human and biological processes, and the advancement of commercial technology.

On January 18, while Atlantis was docked to Mir, Grunsfeld placed a telephone call to the NPR show Car Talk, hosted by two of Grunsfeld's fellow MIT alumni, Tom and Ray Magliozzi.^[1]

Mission Specialists Jerry Linenger, John Blaha and Jeff Wisoff gather around the wardroom table, sampling Russian food.

STS-81 involved the transfer of 2,710 kilograms (5,970 lb) of logistics to and from the Mir, the largest transfer of items to date. During the docked phase, 635 kilograms (1,400 lb) of water, 516.1 kilograms (1,138 lb) of U.S. science equipment, 1,000.7 kilograms (2,206 lb) of Russian logistics along with 121.7 kilograms (268 lb) of miscellaneous material was transferred to Mir. Returned to Earth aboard Atlantis was 570.0 kilograms (1,256.6 lb) of U.S. science material, 404.5 kilograms (892 lb) of Russian logistics and 97.3 kilograms (215 lb) of miscellaneous material.

First Shuttle flight of 1997 highlighted by return of U.S. astronaut John Blaha to Earth after 118-day stay aboard Russian Space Station Mir and the largest transfer to date of logistics between the two spacecraft. Atlantis also returned carrying the first plants to complete a life cycle in space — a crop of wheat grown from seed to seed. This fifth of nine planned dockings continued Phase 1B of the NASA/Russian Space Agency cooperative effort, with Linenger becoming the third U.S. astronaut in succession to live on Mir. Same payload configuration flown on previous docking flight — featuring SPACEHAB Double module — flown again.

Blaha joined Mir 22 crew of Commander Valeri Korzun and Flight Engineer Aleksandr Kaleri on 19 September 1996, when he arrived there with the crew of STS-79. Linenger worked with the Mir 22 crew until the arrival in February of the Mir 23 crew of Commander Vasili Tsibliev, Flight Engineer Aleksandr Lazutkin and German researcher Reinhold Ewald. Ewald returned to Earth with the Mir 22 cosmonauts after a brief stay on the station. Astronaut Michael Foale replaced Linenger on Mir when the STS-84 mission arrived in May 1997.

Space shuttle Atlantis touches down at the KSC to conclude the STS-81 mission.

Docking occurred at 22:55 EST, 14 January, followed by hatch opening at 00:57 January 15. Linenger officially traded places at 04:45 with Blaha who spent 118 days on the station and 128 days total on-orbit. During five days of mated operations, crews transferred nearly 6,000 pounds (2,722 kilograms) of logistics to Mir, including around 725 kilograms (1,598 lb) of water; around 516 kilograms (1,138 lb) of U.S. science equipment; and 1,001 kilograms (2,207 lb) of Russian logistical equipment. About 1,100 kilograms (2,400 lb) of materials returned with Atlantis from Mir.

Crew also tested on Shuttle the Treadmill Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System (TVIS), designed for use in the Russian Service Module of the International Space Station. Another activity related to International Space Station involved firing the orbiter's small vernier jet thrusters during mated operations to gather engineering data.

Undocking occurred at 09:15 EST, 19 January, followed by fly around of Mir.

No significant in-flight anomalies were experienced with Atlantis.

Wake-up calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.^[2] Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.^[2]^[3]

Flight Day	Song	Artist/Composer
Day 2	"Free Ride"	The Edgar Winter Group
Day 3	"It Keeps You Runnin’"	The Doobie Brothers
Day 4	"Hitchin’ a Ride"	Vanity Fare
Day 5	"Celebration"	Kool and the Gang
Day 6	"I Got You (I Feel Good)"	James Brown
Day 7	"Mack the Knife"	Bobby Darin
Day 8	"Ticket to Ride"	The Beatles
Day 9	"My Favorite Marcia"	The Allison Brown Quartet
Day 10	"The Banana Boat Song"	Harry Belafonte

References

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

↑ io9 - The time an astronaut called into Car Talk from the Space Shuttle
1 2 Fries, Colin (25 June 2007). "Chronology of Wakeup Calls" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
↑ NASA (11 May 2009). "STS-81 Wakeup Calls". NASA. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

External links

Shuttle-Mir Program
	Main articles	Shuttle-Mir Program Mir Space Shuttle
	Missions	STS-60 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 STS-74 STS-76 STS-79 STS-81 STS-84 STS-86 STS-89 STS-91
	Increments	Thagard Lucid Blaha Linenger Foale Wolf Thomas

Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104)
Completed flights	STS-51-J STS-61-B STS-27 STS-30 STS-34 STS-36 STS-38 STS-37 STS-43 STS-44 STS-45 STS-46 STS-66 STS-71 STS-74 STS-76 STS-79 STS-81 STS-84 STS-86 STS-101 STS-106 STS-98 STS-104 STS-110 STS-112 STS-115 STS-117 STS-122 STS-125 STS-129 STS-132 STS-135
Status	Retired
On display	Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Merritt Island, Florida

U.S. Space Shuttle missions

Completed

1970–79	1977 ALT
1980–89	1981 STS-1 STS-2 1982 STS-3 STS-4 STS-5 1983 STS-6 STS-7 STS-8 STS-9 1984 STS-41-B STS-41-C STS-41-D STS-41-G STS-51-A 1985 STS-51-C STS-51-D STS-51-B STS-51-G STS-51-F STS-51-I STS-51-J STS-61-A STS-61-B 1986 STS-61-C STS-51-L 1988 STS-26 STS-27 1989 STS-29 STS-30 STS-28 STS-34 STS-33
1990–99	1990 STS-32 STS-36 STS-31 STS-41 STS-38 STS-35 1991 STS-37 STS-39 STS-40 STS-43 STS-48 STS-44 1992 STS-42 STS-45 STS-49 STS-50 STS-46 STS-47 STS-52 STS-53 1993 STS-54 STS-56 STS-55 STS-57 STS-51 STS-58 STS-61 1994 STS-60 STS-62 STS-59 STS-65 STS-64 STS-68 STS-66 1995 STS-63 STS-67 STS-71 STS-70 STS-69 STS-73 STS-74 1996 STS-72 STS-75 STS-76 STS-77 STS-78 STS-79 STS-80 1997 STS-81 STS-82 STS-83 STS-84 STS-94 STS-85 STS-86 STS-87 1998 STS-89 STS-90 STS-91 STS-95 STS-88 1999 STS-96 STS-93 STS-103
2000–09	2000 STS-99 STS-101 STS-106 STS-92 STS-97 2001 STS-98 STS-102 STS-100 STS-104 STS-105 STS-108 2002 STS-109 STS-110 STS-111 STS-112 STS-113 2003 STS-107 2005 STS-114 2006 STS-121 STS-115 STS-116 2007 STS-117 STS-118 STS-120 2008 STS-122 STS-123 STS-124 STS-126 2009 STS-119 STS-125 STS-127 STS-128 STS-129
2010–11	2010 STS-130 STS-131 STS-132 2011 STS-133 STS-134 STS-135

Cancelled

Orbiters

Human spaceflights to Mir
Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74 Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

← 1996 · Orbital launches in 1997 · 1998 →

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.