STS-109

STS-109
Spacecraft properties
Hubble in Columbia's payload bay towards the end of the mission

Mission type	Hubble servicing
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	2002-010A
SATCAT no.	27388
Mission duration	10 days, 22 hours, 11 minutes, 09 seconds
Distance travelled	6,300,000 kilometres (3,900,000 mi)
Orbits completed	165


Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Columbia
Launch mass	116,989 kg (257,917 lb)
Landing mass	100,564 kg (221,706 lb)


Crew
Crew size	7
Members	Scott D. Altman Duane G. Carey John M. Grunsfeld Nancy J. Currie Richard M. Linnehan James H. Newman Michael J. Massimino


Start of mission
Launch date	1 March 2002 11:22:02 (2002-03-01UTC11:22:02Z) UTC
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39A


End of mission
Landing date	12 March 2002 09:33:10 (2002-03-12UTC09:33:11Z) UTC
Landing site	Kennedy SLF Runway 33


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	486 km (302 mi)
Apogee	578 km (359 mi)
Inclination	28.5 degrees
Period	95.3 minutes

(L-R): Michael J. Massimino, Richard M. Linnehan, Duane G. Carey, Scott D. Altman, Nancy J. Currie, John M. Grunsfeld and James H. Newman. Space Shuttle program

STS-109 (SM3B) was a Space Shuttle mission that launched from the Kennedy Space Center on 1 March 2002. It was the 108th mission of the Space Shuttle program,^[1] the 27th flight of the orbiter Columbia^[1] and the fourth servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope.^[2] It was also the last successful mission of the orbiter Columbia before the ill-fated STS-107 mission, which culminated in the Columbia disaster.

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was placed in orbit during mission STS-31 on 25 April 1990.^[3] Initially designed to operate for 15 years, plans for periodic service and refurbishment were incorporated into its mission from the start.^[4] After the successful completion of the second planned service mission (SM2) by the crew of STS-82 in February 1997, three of HST's six gyroscopes failed. NASA decided to split the third planned service mission into two parts, SM3A and SM3B.^[5] A fifth and final servicing mission, STS-125 (SM4) launched 11 May 2009^[6] The work performed during SM4 is expected to keep HST in operation through 2014.^[7]

Crew

Position	Astronaut
Commander	Scott D. Altman Third spaceflight
Pilot	Duane G. Carey First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1	John M. Grunsfeld Fourth spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2	Nancy J. Currie Fourth spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3	Richard M. Linnehan Third spaceflight
Mission Specialist 4	James H. Newman Fourth spaceflight
Mission Specialist 5	Michael J. Massimino First spaceflight

Spacewalks

Hubble Space Telescope sporting new solar arrays during SM3B.

EVA	Team	Start – UTC	End – UTC	Duration
1	Grunsfeld Linnehan	4 March 2002, 06:37	4 March 2002, 13:38	7:01
2	Newman Massimino	5 March 2002, 06:40	5 March 2002, 13:56	7:16
3	Grunsfeld Linnehan	6 March 2002, 08:28	6 March 2002, 15:16	6:48
4	Newman Massimino	7 March 2002, 09:00	7 March 2002, 16:18^[8]^[9]	7:18
5	Grunsfeld Linnehan	8 March 2002, 08:46	8 March 2002, 16:18^[8]^[10]	7:32

Mission highlights

Hubble Space Telescope after servicing by the crew of STS-109

The purpose of STS-109 was to service the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). It was Columbia's first flight following an extensive two and a half year modification period (its most recent mission being STS-93). During the mission the crew installed a new science instrument, the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), new rigid solar arrays (SA3), a new Power Control Unit (PCU) and an experimental cryocooler for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). Columbia also reboosted HST to a higher orbit.

Astronauts remove the FOC to make room for the ACS

The STS-109 astronauts performed a total of five spacewalks in five consecutive days to service and upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope. The spacewalkers received assistance from their crewmates inside Columbia. Currie operated the Shuttle's robot arm while Altman was her backup. Carey and Altman documented the EVA activities with video and still images.

Accomplishments of the spacewalks included the installation of new solar arrays, a new camera, a new Power Control Unit, a Reaction Wheel Assembly and an experimental cooling system for the NICMOS unit. STS-109 accumulated a total of 35 hours, 55 minutes of EVA time. Following STS-109, a total of 18 spacewalks had been conducted during four Space Shuttle missions to service Hubble (the others being STS-61, STS-82, STS-103 and STS-125) for a total of 129 hours, 10 minutes by 14 different astronauts.

Hubble on the payload bay just prior to being released by the STS-109 crew.

It was also the last successful flight of Columbia, as on its next mission, STS-107, it disintegrated on re-entry, killing all aboard.

STS-109 is considered a night launch, as sunrise was at 6:47 am, and Columbia launched at 6:22 am EST, 25 minutes before sunrise.

Attempt	Planned	Result	Turnaround	Reason	Decision point	Weather go (%)	Notes
1	20020221 10:22:00 !21 Feb 2002, 10:22:00 am	Scrubbed	---				Mission replanning^[11]
2	2002022806:48:00 !28 Feb 2002, 6:48:00 am	Scrubbed	6 days, 20 hours, 26 minutes	Technical	20020221 10:00:00 !21 Feb 2002, 10:00 am	60%	Wrong bearings installed on Columbia's main landing gear^[12]
3	20020301 06:22:02 !1 Mar 2002, 6:22:02 am	Success	0 days, 23 hours, 34 minutes				^[13]

References

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1 2 "Mission STS-109". NASA. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "The Hubble Space Telescope: SM3B". NASA. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "The Hubble Space Telescope: Deployment". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "Servicing History and Long-Term Plans" (PDF). NASA. June 1993. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "The Hubble Space Telescope: SM3A". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "STS-125: Final Shuttle Mission to Hubble Space Telescope". NASA. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
↑ "The Hubble Space Telescope: SM4". NASA. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
1 2 "STS-109 Mission Archives". NASA.
↑ "STS-109 Status Report #14". NASA. 7 March 2002.
↑ "STS-109 Status Report #16". NASA. 8 March 2002.
↑ "Launch officially slips to Feb. 28". CBS News. 14 January 2002. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
↑ "Cold front threatens shuttle launch". CBS News. 26 February 2002. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
↑ "Columbia rockets into space". CBS News. 1 March 2002. Retrieved 30 August 2009.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to STS-109.

Status reports – Detailed NASA status reports for each day of the mission.
NASA mission summary
STS-109 reentry pictures
ESA/Hubble mission summary
STS-109 Video Highlights

Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102)
Flights	STS-1 STS-2 STS-3 STS-4 STS-5 STS-9 STS-61-C STS-28 STS-32 STS-35 STS-40 STS-50 STS-52 STS-55 STS-58 STS-62 STS-65 STS-73 STS-75 STS-78 STS-80 STS-83 STS-94 STS-87 STS-90 STS-93 STS-109 STS-107
Status	Out of service: destroyed 1 February 2003 (STS-107)
See also	Columbia Accident Investigation Board STS-61-E STS-61-H STS-144

U.S. Space Shuttle missions

Completed

1970–79	1977 ALT
1980–89	1981 STS-1 STS-2 1982 STS-3 STS-4 STS-5 1983 STS-6 STS-7 STS-8 STS-9 1984 STS-41-B STS-41-C STS-41-D STS-41-G STS-51-A 1985 STS-51-C STS-51-D STS-51-B STS-51-G STS-51-F STS-51-I STS-51-J STS-61-A STS-61-B 1986 STS-61-C STS-51-L 1988 STS-26 STS-27 1989 STS-29 STS-30 STS-28 STS-34 STS-33
1990–99	1990 STS-32 STS-36 STS-31 STS-41 STS-38 STS-35 1991 STS-37 STS-39 STS-40 STS-43 STS-48 STS-44 1992 STS-42 STS-45 STS-49 STS-50 STS-46 STS-47 STS-52 STS-53 1993 STS-54 STS-56 STS-55 STS-57 STS-51 STS-58 STS-61 1994 STS-60 STS-62 STS-59 STS-65 STS-64 STS-68 STS-66 1995 STS-63 STS-67 STS-71 STS-70 STS-69 STS-73 STS-74 1996 STS-72 STS-75 STS-76 STS-77 STS-78 STS-79 STS-80 1997 STS-81 STS-82 STS-83 STS-84 STS-94 STS-85 STS-86 STS-87 1998 STS-89 STS-90 STS-91 STS-95 STS-88 1999 STS-96 STS-93 STS-103
2000–09	2000 STS-99 STS-101 STS-106 STS-92 STS-97 2001 STS-98 STS-102 STS-100 STS-104 STS-105 STS-108 2002 STS-109 STS-110 STS-111 STS-112 STS-113 2003 STS-107 2005 STS-114 2006 STS-121 STS-115 STS-116 2007 STS-117 STS-118 STS-120 2008 STS-122 STS-123 STS-124 STS-126 2009 STS-119 STS-125 STS-127 STS-128 STS-129
2010–11	2010 STS-130 STS-131 STS-132 2011 STS-133 STS-134 STS-135

Cancelled

Orbiters

Hubble Space Telescope
Current instruments	Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)
Previous instruments	Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) Faint Object Camera (FOC) Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS/HRS) High Speed Photometer (HSP) Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC) Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2)
Space Shuttle missions	Launch: STS-31 (1990, Discovery) Servicing: STS-61 (1993, Endeavour) STS-82 (1997, Discovery) STS-103 (1999, Discovery) STS-109 (2002, Columbia) STS-125 (2009, Atlantis)
Special fields and images	Pillars of Creation (1995) Hubble Deep Field (1995) Hubble Deep Field South (1998) Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (2003–04) Extended Groth Strip (2004–05) SWEEPS (2006) Mystic Mountain (2010) Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (2012) Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Anniversaries

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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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