SOLID (object-oriented design)

In computer programming, the term SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by Robert C. Martin, [1][2][3]. Though they apply to any object-oriented design, the SOLID principles can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or Adaptive Software Development.[3] The SOLID acronym was introduced by Michael Feathers.

Overview

Initial Stands for
 Concept
S SRP[4]
Single responsibility principle
a class should have only a single responsibility (i.e. only one potential change in the software's specification should be able to affect the specification of the class)
O OCP[5]
Open/closed principle
“software entities … should be open for extension, but closed for modification.” ..
L LSP[6]
Liskov substitution principle
“objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering the correctness of that program.” See also design by contract.
I ISP[7]
Interface segregation principle
“many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface.”[8]
D DIP[9]
Dependency inversion principle
one should “depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions.”[8]

See also

Design and development principles

References

  1. ↑ “Principles Of OOD”, Robert C. Martin (“Uncle BOB”), butunclebob.com, Last verified 2014-07-17. (Note the reference to “the first five principles”, though the acronym is not used in this article.) Dates back to at least 2003.
  2. ↑ “Getting a SOLID start.”, Robert C. Martin (“Uncle Bob”), objectmentor.com. Last verified 2013-08-19.
  3. 1 2 “SOLID Object-Oriented Design”, Sandi Metz (Duke University), Talk given at the 2009 Gotham Ruby Conference in May, 2009. Last verified 2009-01-15.
  4. ↑ "Single Responsibility Principle" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Open/Closed Principle" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
  6. ↑ "Liskov Substitution Principle" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
  7. ↑ "Interface Segregation Principle" (PDF). 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
  8. 1 2 Robert C. Martin (“Uncle Bob”) (2000), Design Principles and Design Patterns (PDF), objectmentor.com, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2015, retrieved 2009-01-14
  9. ↑ "Dependency Inversion Principle" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
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