Glycine transporter 2

SLC6A5

Identifiers

SLC6A5, GLYT-2, GLYT2, HKPX3, NET1, Glycine transporter 2, solute carrier family 6 member 5

External IDs

MGI: 105090 HomoloGene: 37901 GeneCards: SLC6A5

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity • symporter activity • glycine:sodium symporter activity • metal ion binding • glycine transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • membrane
Biological process	• synaptic transmission, glycinergic • neurotransmitter transport • glycine import • chemical synaptic transmission • glycine transport • transmembrane transport • transport
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


9152


104245

Ensembl


ENSG00000165970


ENSMUSG00000039728

UniProt


Q9Y345


Q761V0

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_004211 NM_001318369


NM_001146013 NM_148931

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001305298 NP_004202


n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 11: 20.6 – 20.66 Mb

Chr 7: 49.91 – 49.96 Mb

PubMed search

^[1]

^[2]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) also known as the sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 or solute carrier family 6 member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene.^[3]

The glycine transporter 2 is a membrane protein which recaptures glycine, a major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem. GlyT2 is a specific marker of glycinergic neurons and a member of the Na⁺ and Cl⁻-coupled transporter family SLC6. Glycine uptake mediated by GlyT2 is electrogenic, coupled to three Na⁺ and one Cl⁻ (i.e. two positive charges per glycine). In humans, GlyT2 is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene. Inactivation of GlyT2 in knockout mice is lethal during the second post-natal week as the absence of GlyT2 disrupts inhibitory transmission by reducing glycine release. Mutations in SLC6A5 gene are responsible for a presynaptic form of hyperekplexia, a genetic disease causing increased startle reflex. GlyT2 main physiological role is to recapture glycine released in the synaptic cleft and to maintain high glycine concentration in the presynaptic neuron. Therefore, chronic inhibition of GlyT2 will deplete intracellular storage of glycine and limit its accumulation in synaptic vesicles.^[3]^[4]

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
1 2 Morrow JA, Collie IT, Dunbar DR, Walker GB, Shahid M, Hill DR (November 1998). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of the human glycine transporter GlyT2 and chromosomal localisation of the gene in the human genome". FEBS Lett. 439 (3): 334–40. PMID 9845349. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01390-8.
↑ "Entrez Gene: SLC6A5 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 5".

López-Corcuera B, Aragón C, Geerlings A (2002). "Regulation of glycine transporters.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29 (Pt 6): 742–5. PMID 11709067. doi:10.1042/BST0290742.
Gallagher MJ, Burgess LH, Brunden KR (1999). "Characterization of multiple forms of the human glycine transporter type-2.". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 70 (1): 101–15. PMID 10381548. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00135-7.
Evans J, Herdon H, Cairns W, et al. (2000). "Cloning, functional characterisation and population analysis of a variant form of the human glycine type 2 transporter.". FEBS Lett. 463 (3): 301–6. PMID 10606742. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01636-1.
Martínez-Maza R, Poyatos I, López-Corcuera B, et al. (2001). "The role of N-glycosylation in transport to the plasma membrane and sorting of the neuronal glycine transporter GLYT2.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (3): 2168–73. PMID 11036075. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006774200.
Geerlings A, Núñez E, Rodenstein L, et al. (2002). "Glycine transporter isoforms show differential subcellular localization in PC12 cells.". J. Neurochem. 82 (1): 58–65. PMID 12091465. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00930.x.
Baliova M, Betz H, Jursky F (2004). "Calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal glycine transporter, GlyT2.". J. Neurochem. 88 (1): 227–32. PMID 14675166. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02192.x.
Jamra RA, Villela AW, Klein K, et al. (2006). "No association between genetic variants at the GLYT2 gene and bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.". Psychiatr. Genet. 16 (3): 91. PMID 16691125. doi:10.1097/01.ypg.0000199450.07786.ab.
Rees MI, Harvey K, Pearce BR, et al. (2006). "Mutations in the gene encoding GlyT2 (SLC6A5) define a presynaptic component of human startle disease.". Nat. Genet. 38 (7): 801–6. PMC 3204411 . PMID 16751771. doi:10.1038/ng1814.
Roux M, Supplisson S (2000). "Neuronal and glial glycine transporters have different stoichiometries.". Neuron. 25 (2): 373–83. PMID 10719892. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80901-0.
Aubrey K, Rossi FM, et al. (2007). "The transporters GlyT2 and VIAAT cooperate to determine the vesicular glycinergic phenotype.". J. Neurosci. 27 (23): 6273–81. PMID 17554001. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1024-07.2007.
Rousseau F, Aubrey KR, Supplisson S (2008). "The glycine transporter GlyT2 controls the dynamics of synaptic vesicle refilling in inhibitory spinal cord neurons..". J. Neurosci. 28 (39): 9755–68. PMID 18815261. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0509-08.2008.
Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, et al. (2006). "Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348 (2): 400–5. PMID 16884688. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.080.

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)

By group

SLC1–10

(1):	high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter SLC1A1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(2):	facilitative GLUT transporter SLC2A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
(3):	heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters SLC3A1 2
(4):	bicarbonate transporter SLC4A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(5):	sodium glucose cotransporter SLC5A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(6):	sodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters SLC6A1 SLC6A2 SLC6A3 SLC6A4 SLC6A5 SLC6A6 SLC6A7 SLC6A8 SLC6A9 SLC6A10 SLC6A11 SLC6A12 SLC6A13 SLC6A14 SLC6A15 SLC6A16 SLC6A17 SLC6A18 SLC6A19 SLC6A20
(7):	cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated SLC7A1 SLC7A2 SLC7A3 SLC7A4 glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters SLC7A5 SLC7A6 SLC7A7 SLC7A8 SLC7A9 SLC7A10 SLC7A11 SLC7A13 SLC7A14
(8):	Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger SLC8A1 SLC8A2 SLC8A3
(9):	Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger SLC9A1 SLC9A2 SLC9A3 SLC9A4 SLC9A5 SLC9A6 SLC9A7 SLC9A8 SLC9A9 SLC9A10 SLC9A11
(10):	sodium bile salt cotransport SLC10A1 SLC10A2 SLC10A3 SLC10A4 SLC10A5 SLC10A6 SLC10A7 10A1 10A2 10A3 10A7

SLC11–20

(11):	proton coupled metal ion transporter SLC11A1 SLC11A2 11A3
(12):	electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter SLC12A1 SLC12A2 SLC12A3 SLC12A4 SLC12A5 SLC12A6 SLC12A7 SLC12A8 SLC12A9
(13):	human Na⁺-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter SLC13A1 SLC13A2 SLC13A3 SLC13A4 SLC13A5
(14):	urea transporter SLC14A1 SLC14A2
(15):	proton oligopeptide cotransporter SLC15A1 SLC15A2 SLC15A3 SLC15A4
(16):	monocarboxylate transporter SLC16A1 SLC16A2 SLC16A3 SLC16A4 SLC16A5 SLC16A6 SLC16A7 SLC16A8 SLC16A9 SLC16A10 SLC16A11 SLC16A12 SLC16A13 SLC16A14
(17):	Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 SLC17A1 SLC17A2 SLC17A3 SLC17A4 SLC17A5 SLC17A6 SLC17A7 SLC17A8 SLC17A9
(18):	vesicular monoamine transporter SLC18A1 SLC18A2 SLC18A3
(19):	folate/thiamine transporter SLC19A1 SLC19A2 SLC19A3
(20):	type III Na⁺-phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1 SLC20A2

SLC21–30

(21):	Organic anion-transporting polypeptide SLCO1A2 SLCO1B1 SLCO1B3 SLCO1B4 SLCO1C1 SLCO2A1 SLCO2B1 SLCO3A1 SLCO4A1 SLCO4C1 SLCO5A1(SLCO6A1)
(22):	organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter SLC22A1 SLC22A2 SLC22A3 SLC22A4 SLC22A5 SLC22A6 SLC22A7 SLC22A8 SLC22A9 SLC22A10 SLC22A11 SLC22A12 SLC22A13 SLC22A14 SLC22A15 SLC22A16 SLC22A17 SLC22A18 SLC22A19 SLC22A20
(23):	Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter SLC23A1 SLC23A2 SLC23A3 SLC23A4
(24):	Na⁺/(Ca²⁺-K⁺) exchanger SLC24A1 SLC24A2 SLC24A3 SLC24A4 SLC24A5 SLC24A6
(25):	mitochondrial carrier SLC25A1 SLC25A2 SLC25A3 SLC25A4 SLC25A5 SLC25A6 SLC25A7 SLC25A8 SLC25A9 SLC25A10 SLC25A11 SLC25A12 SLC25A13 SLC25A14 SLC25A15 SLC25A16 SLC25A17 SLC25A18 SLC25A19 SLC25A20 SLC25A21 SLC25A22 SLC25A23 SLC25A24 SLC25A25 SLC25A26 SLC25A27 SLC25A28 SLC25A29 SLC25A30 SLC25A31 SLC25A32 SLC25A33 SLC25A34 SLC25A35 SLC25A36 SLC25A37 SLC25A38 SLC25A39 SLC25A40 SLC25A41 SLC25A42 SLC25A43 SLC25A44 SLC25A45 SLC25A46
(26):	multifunctional anion exchanger SLC26A1 SLC26A2 SLC26A3 SLC26A4 SLC26A5 SLC26A6 SLC26A7 SLC26A8 SLC26A9 SLC26A10 SLC26A11
(27):	fatty acid transport proteins SLC27A1 SLC27A2 SLC27A3 SLC27A4 SLC27A5 SLC27A6
(28):	Na⁺-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1 SLC28A2 SLC28A3
(29):	facilitative nucleoside transporter SLC29A1 SLC29A2 SLC29A3 SLC29A4
(30):	zinc efflux SLC30A1 SLC30A2 SLC30A3 SLC30A4 SLC30A5 SLC30A6 SLC30A7 SLC30A8 SLC30A9 SLC30A10

SLC31–40

(31):	copper transporter SLC31A1
(32):	Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 SLC32A1
(33):	Acetyl-CoA transporter SLC33A1
(34):	type II Na⁺-phosphate cotransporter SLC34A1 SLC34A2 SLC34A3
(35):	nucleoside-sugar transporter SLC35A1 SLC35A2 SLC35A3 SLC35A4 SLC35A5 SLC35B1 SLC35B2 SLC35B3 SLC35B4 SLC35C1 SLC35C2 SLC35D1 SLC35D2 SLC35D3 SLC35E1 SLC35E2 SLC35E3 SLC35E4
(36):	proton-coupled amino-acid transporter SLC36A1 SLC36A2 SLC36A3 SLC36A436A2
(37):	sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 SLC37A2 SLC37A3 SLC37A4
(38):	System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter SLC38A1 SLC38A2 SLC38A3 SLC38A4 SLC38A5 SLC38A6 SLC38A10
(39):	metal ion transporter SLC39A1 SLC39A2 SLC39A3 SLC39A4 SLC39A5 SLC39A6 SLC39A7 SLC39A8 SLC39A9 SLC39A10 SLC39A11 SLC39A12 SLC39A13 SLC39A14
(40):	basolateral iron transporter SLC40A1

SLC41–48

(41):	Magnesium transporter E SLC41A1 SLC41A2 SLC41A3
(42):	Ammonia transporter RhAG RhBG RhCG
(43):	Na⁺-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter SLC43A1 SLC43A2 SLC43A3
(44):	Choline-like transporter SLC44A1 SLC44A2 SLC44A3 SLC44A4 SLC44A5
(45):	Putative sugar transporter SLC45A1 SLC45A2 SLC54A3 SLC45A4
(46):	Folate transporter SLC46A1 SLC46A2
(47):	multidrug and toxin extrusion SLC47A1 SLC47A2
(48):	Heme transporter

SLCO1–4
O1A2 O1B1 O1B3 O2B1 O431 O4A1

Ion pumps

Symporter, Cotransporter	Na⁺/K⁺,Cl⁻ Na⁺/P_i3 Na⁺/Cl⁻ Na⁺/glucose Na⁺/I⁻ Cl⁻/K⁺ 4 5
Antiporter (exchanger)	Na⁺/H⁺ Na⁺/Ca²⁺ Na⁺/(Ca²⁺-K⁺) - Cl⁻/HCO− 3 (Band 3) Cl⁻-formate Cl⁻-oxalate

see also solute carrier disorders

Glycine receptor modulators

Receptor
(ligands)

GlyR

PAMs: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ethanol, tert-butanol (2M2P), tribromoethanol, trichloroethanol, trifluoroethanol)
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
Chlormethiazole
D12-116
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine)
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone, pregnenolone (eltanolone), pregnenolone acetate, minaxolone, ORG-20599)
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
Tropeines (e.g., atropine, bemesetron, cocaine, LY-278584, tropisetron, zatosetron)
Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, desflurane, diethyl ether (ether), enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, sevoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), trichloroethylene)
Xenon
Zinc

Antagonists: 2-Aminostrychnine
2-Nitrostrychnine
4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
αEMBTL
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Dendrobine
Diaboline
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG, anandamide (AEA))
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
iso-THAZ
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Isostrychnine
Laudanosine
N-Methylbicuculline
N-Methylstrychnine
N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Pseudostrychnine
Quinolines (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline, 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 5,7-CIQA, 7-CIQ, 7-TFQ, 7-TFQA)
RU-5135
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin

NAMs: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam)
Corymine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine)
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide, ginkgolides (e.g., ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, ginkgolide M))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., 3α-androsterone sulfate, 3β-androsterone sulfate, deoxycorticosterone, DHEA sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, progesterone)
Opioids (e.g., codeine, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, levomethadone, levorphanol, morphine, oripavine, pethidine, thebaine)
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin)
PMBA
Riluzole
Tropeines (e.g., bemesetron, LY-278584, tropisetron, zatosetron)
Verapamil
Zinc

Transporter
(blockers)

GlyT1	ACPPB ALX-1393 ALX-5407 (NFPS) AMG-747 ASP2535 Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838) CP-802079 Ethanol Glycyldodecylamide GSK1018921 LY-2365109 Org 24598 Org 25935 (SCH-900435) PF-02545920 PF-03463275 PF-04958242 Sarcosine SSR-103,800 SSR-504,734
GlyT2	Amoxapine Ethanol NAGly Org 25543

Others

Precursors: 3-PG
GHB
L-Serine
L-Threonine

Cofactors: Vitamin B₆

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; GABAergics; GHBergics; Glutamatergics

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

Glycine transporter 2

See also

References

Further reading