Square tiling honeycomb

Square tiling honeycomb

Type	Hyperbolic regular honeycomb Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	{4,4,3} r{4,4,4} {4^1,1,1}
Coxeter diagrams	↔ ↔ ↔
Cells	{4,4}
Faces	Square {4}
Edge figure	Triangle {3}
Vertex figure	cube, {4,3}
Dual	Order-4 octahedral honeycomb
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3] [4^1,1,1] ↔ [4,4,3^*]
Properties	Regular

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the square tiling honeycomb, is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs. It is called paracompact because it has infinite cells, whose vertices exist on horospheres and converge to a single ideal point at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {4,4,3}, has three square tilings, {4,4} around each edge, and 6 square tilings around each vertex in an cubic {4,3} vertex figure.^[1]

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs. Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

Rectified order-4 square tiling

It is also seen as a rectified order-4 square tiling honeycomb, r{4,4,4}:

{4,4,4}	r{4,4,4} = {4,4,3}
	=

Symmetry

It has three reflective symmetry constructions, as a regular honeycomb, a half symmetry ↔ and lastly ↔ with 3 types (colors) of checkered square tilings. [4,4,3^*] ↔ [4^1,1,1], index 6, and a final radial subgroup [4,(4,3)^*], index 48, with a right dihedral angled octahedral fundamental domain, and 4 pairs of ultraparallel mirrors: .

This honeycomb contains that tile 2-hypercycle surfaces, similar to this paracompact tiling, :

Related polytopes and honeycombs

It is one of 15 regular hyperbolic honeycombs in 3-space, 11 of which like this one are paracompact, with infinite cells or vertex figures.

11 paracompact regular honeycombs
{6,3,3}	{6,3,4}	{6,3,5}	{6,3,6}	{4,4,3}	{4,4,4}
{3,3,6}	{4,3,6}	{5,3,6}	{3,6,3}	{3,4,4}

There are fifteen uniform honeycombs in the [4,4,3] Coxeter group family, including this regular form, and its dual, the order-4 octahedral honeycomb, {3,4,4}.

[4,4,3] family honeycombs
{4,4,3}	r{4,4,3}	t{4,4,3}	rr{4,4,3}	t_0,3{4,4,3}	tr{4,4,3}	t_0,1,3{4,4,3}	t_0,1,2,3{4,4,3}


{3,4,4}	r{3,4,4}	t{3,4,4}	rr{3,4,4}	2t{3,4,4}	tr{3,4,4}	t_0,1,3{3,4,4}	t_0,1,2,3{3,4,4}

[4,4,4] family honeycombs
{4,4,4}	r{4,4,4}	t{4,4,4}	rr{4,4,4}	t_0,3{4,4,4}	2t{4,4,4}	tr{4,4,4}	t_0,1,3{4,4,4}	t_0,1,2,3{4,4,4}

This honeycomb is related to the 24-cell, {3,4,3}, with a cubic vertex figure.

It is a part of a sequence of honeycombs with square tiling cells:

{4,4,p} honeycombs
Space	E³	H³
Form	Affine	Paracompact		Noncompact
Name	4,4,2}	{4,4,3}	{4,4,4}	{4,4,5}	{4,4,6}	...{4,4,∞}
Coxeter
Image
Vertex figure	{4,2}	{4,3}	{4,4}	{4,5}	{4,6}	{4,∞}

Rectified square tiling honeycomb

Rectified square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb Semiregular honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	r{4,4,3} or t₁{4,4,3} 2r{3,4^1,1} r{4^1,1,1}
Coxeter diagrams	↔ ↔ ↔
Cells	{4,3} r{4,4}
Faces	square {4}
Vertex figure
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3] [4^1,1,1] ↔ [4,4,3^*]
Properties	Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive

The rectified square tiling honeycomb, t₁{4,4,3}, has cube and square tiling facets, with a triangular prism vertex figure.

It is similar to the 2D hyperbolic uniform triapeirogonal tiling, r{∞,3}, with triangle and apeirogonal faces.

Truncated square tiling honeycomb

Truncated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	t{4,4,3} or t_0,1{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagrams	↔ ↔
Cells	{4,3} t{4,4}
Faces	square {4} octagon {8}
Vertex figure	triangular pyramid
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The truncated square tiling honeycomb, t{4,4,3}, has cube and truncated square tiling facets, with a triangular pyramid vertex figure. It is the same as the cantitruncated order-4 square tiling honeycomb, tr{4,4,4}, .

Bitruncated square tiling honeycomb

Bitruncated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	2t{4,4,3} or t_1,2{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagram
Cells	t{4,3} t{4,4}
Faces	triangular {3} square {4} octagon {8}
Vertex figure	digonal disphenoid
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The bitruncated square tiling honeycomb, 2t{4,4,3}, has truncated cube and truncated square tiling facets, with a digonal disphenoid vertex figure.

Cantellated square tiling honeycomb

Cantellated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	rr{4,4,3} or t_0,2{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagrams	↔
Cells	r{4,3} rr{4,4}
Faces	triangular {3} square {4}
Vertex figure	triangular prism
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The cantellated square tiling honeycomb, rr{4,4,3}, has cube and truncated square tiling facets, with a triangular prism vertex figure.

Cantitruncated square tiling honeycomb

Cantitruncated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	tr{4,4,3} or t_0,1,2{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagram
Cells	t{4,3} tr{4,4} {}x{3}
Faces	triangular {3} square {4} octagon {8}
Vertex figure	tetrahedron
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The cantitruncated square tiling honeycomb, tr{4,4,3}, has truncated cube and truncated square tiling facets, with a tetrahedron vertex figure.

Runcinated square tiling honeycomb

Runcinated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbol	t_0,3{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagrams	↔
Cells	{3,4} {4,4} {}x{4} {}x{3}
Faces	triangle {3} square {4}
Vertex figure	triangular antiprism
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The runcinated square tiling honeycomb, t_0,3{4,4,3}, has octahedron, triangular prism, cube, and square tiling facets, with a triangular antiprism vertex figure.

Runcitruncated square tiling honeycomb

Runcitruncated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbols	t_0,1,3{4,4,3} s_2,3{3,4,4}
Coxeter diagrams
Cells	rr{4,3} t{4,4} {}x{3} {}x{8}
Faces	triangle {3} square {4}
Vertex figure	trapezoidal pyramid
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The runcitruncated square tiling honeycomb, t_0,1,3{4,4,3}, has rhombicuboctahedron, octagonal prism, triangular prism and truncated square tiling facets, with a trapezoidal pyramid vertex figure.

Omnitruncated square tiling honeycomb

Omnitruncated square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbol	t_0,1,2,3{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagram
Cells	{4,4} {}x{6} {}x{8} tr{4,3}
Faces	Square {4} Hexagon {6} Octagon {8}
Vertex figure	tetrahedron
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The omnitruncated square tiling honeycomb, t_0,1,2,3{4,4,3}, has truncated square tiling, truncated cuboctahedron, hexagonal prism, octagonal prism facets, with a tetrahedron vertex figure.

Omnisnub square tiling honeycomb

Omnisnub square tiling honeycomb
Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbol	h(t_0,1,2,3{4,4,3})
Coxeter diagram
Cells	sr{4,4} sr{2,3} sr{2,4} sr{4,3}
Faces	Triangular {3} Square {4}
Vertex figure
Coxeter group	[4,4,3]⁺
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The alternated omnitruncated square tiling honeycomb (or omnisnub square tiling honeycomb), h(t_0,1,2,3{4,4,3}), has snub square tiling, snub cube, triangular antiprism, square antiprism, and tetrahedron cells, with an irregular vertex figure.

Alternated square tiling honeycomb

Alternated square tiling honeycomb

Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb Semiregular honeycomb
Schläfli symbol	h{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagrams	↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔
Cells	(4.4.4.4) (4.4.4)
Faces	Square {4}
Vertex figure	(4.3.4.3)
Coxeter groups	[4,4,3]
Properties	vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, quasiregular

The alternated square tiling honeycomb is a paracompact uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic 3-space, composed of cube, and square tiling facets in a cuboctahedron vertex figure.

Alternated rectified square tiling honeycomb

Alternated rectified square tiling honeycomb

Type	Paracompact uniform honeycomb
Schläfli symbol	hr{4,4,3}
Coxeter diagrams	↔
Cells
Faces
Vertex figure
Coxeter groups	[4,1⁺,4,3] = [∞,3,3,∞]
Properties	Vertex-transitive

The alternated rectified square tiling honeycomb is a paracompact uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic 3-space.

References

↑ Coxeter The Beauty of Geometry, 1999, Chapter 10, Table III

Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. ISBN 0-486-61480-8. (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays (1999), Dover Publications, LCCN 99-35678, ISBN 0-486-40919-8 (Chapter 10, Regular Honeycombs in Hyperbolic Space) Table III
Jeffrey R. Weeks The Shape of Space, 2nd edition ISBN 0-8247-0709-5 (Chapter 16-17: Geometries on Three-manifolds I,II)
Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript
- N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1966
- N.W. Johnson: Geometries and Transformations, (2015) Chapter 13: Hyperbolic Coxeter groups
- Norman W. Johnson and Asia Ivic Weiss Quadratic Integers and Coxeter Groups PDF Canad. J. Math. Vol. 51 (6), 1999 pp. 1307–1336

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