Run and shoot offense

The run and shoot offense is an offensive system for American football which emphasizes receiver motion and on-the-fly adjustments of receivers' routes in response to different defenses. It was conceived by former Middletown, Ohio, High School football coach Glenn "Tiger" Ellison and refined and popularized by former Portland State Offensive Coordinator Darell "Mouse" Davis.

The Run & Shoot system uses a formation consisting of one running back and usually four wide receivers, although some variants have substituted an athletic and bigger tight end to help block for the running game. This system makes extensive use of receiver motion (having a receiver suddenly change position by running left or right, parallel to the line of scrimmage, just before the ball is snapped), both to create advantageous mismatches with the opposing defensive players and to help reveal what coverage the defense is using.

The basic idea behind the Run & Shoot is a flexible offense that adjusts "on the fly," as the receivers are free to adjust their routes as they are running them in response to the defensive coverage employed. The quarterback, as a result, also has to read and react to the defense's coverages in a more improvised manner than with other offensive systems. As a result of the diagnosing of coverages, the system can be considered rather complex and usually requires highly intelligent players.

In the purest form of the offense, the proper complement would consist of two wide receivers lined up on the outside edges of the formation and two "slotbacks" (wide receivers who line up one step back from the line of scrimmage so as not to be considered "covered" and thus ineligible) lined up just outside and behind the two offensive tackles.

Many of the National Football League teams that used the Run & Shoot in the early 1990s used true wide receivers in all four receiving positions. The type of running back used varied from a smaller back who could catch passes to a big, bruising running back who could run with power. The frequent passing plays run out of this formation tend to spread out the defense's players. If repeated pass plays work, the defense is not as prepared for running plays; running the ball between the offensive tackles, or just off-tackle, is now possible and more likely to succeed.

At the Collegiate level, the 1989 Houston Cougars football team demonstrated the scoring potential of the run and shoot offense as quarterback Andre Ware set 26 NCAA records and won the Heisman Trophy while the #14 ranked Cougars finished the season 9–2. The Cougars were disallowed from having its football games televised or playing in a Bowl Game that season due to NCAA sanctions imposed some years earlier. The following two seasons Houston quarterback David Klingler continued the success of the run and shoot throwing for 9,430 yards and 91 touchdowns, including 716 yards and 11 touchdown passes in a single game which were all records. Quarterbacks Ware and Klingler were both drafted in the NFL first round. The success of Houston's run and shoot offense along with the inability of its record setting quarterbacks to translate their success into the NFL lead to the label of their being "system quarterbacks".

The Pulitzer Prize-winning Press-Enterprise, an independent news source whose coverage area spans four of Southern California's largest counties, noted that "the team's Silver Stretch Run 'n' Shoot offense," inspired by Mouse Davis, mentor of Coyote coach J. David Miller "and the pioneer of the modern four-wide offense, has paid great dividends over the SoCal Coyotes first five seasons." [1]

Formation history

The original inventor of the Run & Shoot, Tiger Ellison, first started out with a formation that overloaded the left side of the offenline for his scrambling quarterback. He called it "The Lonesome Polecat."

A year later, he came back with a more balanced formation that is similar to the diagram below. The formation bears a strong resemblance to the Flexbone offense.

Other variations of the above formation are similar to the way spread offenses like to set up their systems. Originally, the run and shoot was set up so that the quarterback would be positioned behind the center in a single back position, with the single running back lined up a few yards back. Later, during his tenure with the University of Hawaii, June Jones used quarterback Colt Brennan out of the shotgun. In this case the running back is offset to the right of the quarterback (as in the formation below).

Another formation that can often be seen with the run and shoot is the "trips" formation, where three wide receivers are situated to the right or left side of the line of scrimmage. Most of the time, this formation will be created out of motion when the W or Y receiver moves to the opposite side of the formation.

Running the Run & Shoot

Player and motion names

Every team has its own specific naming conventions, but they all have the same basic principles. To make diagramming plays easier, the receivers used in the Run & Shoot are often given standardized names depending on their position. One way to do this is to label the receivers, W (for "Wing"), X, Y, and Z, with the running back being called an S-Back (for Singleback or Superback).

The initial movements of the receivers can also be labelled by using code names for "left" and "right" such as: "Lil and Rob," "Liz and Rip," or "Lion and Ram." As an example, a quarterback may call an "X Liz, W Liz, Y Go, Z Rip, SB flat", which tells the X and W receivers to run to their left, the Y receiver to run a go (or fly) route, the Z receiver to run to his right, and the S-Back to run to the flat (close to the line of scrimmage and toward the sideline).

Key concepts

Key plays

Advantages of the Run & Shoot

Craig Heyward, who played as a fullback in the NFL, rushed for over 2,000 yards in the offense while playing for the Atlanta Falcons under June Jones. Heyward averaged 30 plus receptions over two years averaging ten yards per catch.

Disadvantages of the Run & Shoot

There are several potential disadvantages to using a Run & Shoot offense:

The original offense modified by Mouse Davis discarded the traditional five step roll/sprint out component. Instead a semi roll is utilized. The QB roll places him behind the OG. The first step is a large (Big) one followed by two and a gather step forward if needed. Any issues experienced with protection can be considered somewhat similar to issues experienced with other single back offense utilizing a drop back pass concept. The important fact is that the ball should be thrown on the third step to avoid contact with oncoming pass rushers. This characteristic is why the original modifications by Coach Davis lasted so long, until their subsequent modification at Hawaii. The Tony Franklin system use of the deep pass set is one of the only new developments similar in effect, but designed for a shotgun QB.

Roster positions for the Run & Shoot

Evolution of the Run & Shoot through the years

Teams which ran a Run & Shoot offense (or heavily used its concepts)

NFL teams that used the Run & Shoot offense

Start End Team Head coach Offensive coordinator
1989 1991 Detroit Lions Wayne Fontes Mouse Davis and Dave Levy
1990 1994 Houston Oilers Jack Pardee Kevin Gilbride
1991 1993 Atlanta Falcons Jerry Glanville June Jones
1993 1994 Detroit Lions Wayne Fontes Dan Henning and Dave Levy
1994 1996 Atlanta Falcons June Jones
1998 San Diego Chargers Kevin Gilbride Mike Sheppard

[4]

References

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