Rufane Shaw Donkin

Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin
Rufane Shaw Donkin
Born	1772
Died	1 May 1841
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Rank	Lieutenant General
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Lieutenant General Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin GCH KCB FRS FRGS (1772 – 1 May 1841), was a British army officer of the Napoleonic era and later Member of Parliament.

Background

Rufane Donkin came of a military family and was the eldest child of General Robert Donkin, who had served with many famous British commanders including Wolfe and Gage and his Colonel, William Rufane. Young Rufane was baptised at St David's Church, Exeter on 9 October 1772 with the name Rusaw Shaw Donkin.

Service

The Donkin Memorial, Donkin Reserve, Port Elizabeth.

Donkin's name listed on the south face of the Burdett Coutts memorial

Becoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the West Indies in the next year, gaining promotion to [[major] in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant-colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in Popham's expedition to Ostend. He served with Cathcart in Denmark in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in Portugal, which he led in victory at the Second Battle of Porto (May 1809).^[1]

On the day prior of the Battle of Talavera (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post pickets: the British lost over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle.

The Army then transferred Donkin, in the role of quartermaster-general, to the Mediterranean command. He served there from 1810 to 1813, taking part in the Catalan expeditions under Lieutenant-General Frederick Maitland (1812) and Lord William Bentinck (1813). In July 1815, the now Major-General Donkin received a posting to India, distinguishing himself as a divisional commander in Hastings's operations against the Mahrattas (1817–1818) and receiving the KCB as his reward. The death of his young wife Elizabeth Frances née Markham^[2] ^[3] seriously affected him, after that he went to the Cape of Good Hope on extended sick leave. From 1820 to 1821 he administered the Cape Colony with success as acting Governor. He named the rising seaport of Algoa Bay Port Elizabeth in memory of his wife and in August 1820 erected a memorial to her on a hill overlooking Algoa Bay.^[4] In 1821 he became lieutenant-general and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order.^[1]

Post-army

The rest of Donkin's life passed in literary and political work. He was one of the original fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, and was a member of the Royal Society and of many other learned bodies. His theories as to the course of the River Niger, published under the title Dissertation on the Course and Probable Termination of the Niger (London, 1829), involved him in a good deal of controversy. From 1832 to 1837 he sat in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in 1835 became Surveyor-General of the Ordnance. He was elected as MP for Sandwich in 1839, and held that seat until he committed suicide at Southampton on 1 May 1841. He was then a general, and colonel of the 11th Regiment of Foot.^[1]

He is listed as one of the important graves lost on the Burdett Coutts Memorial in Old St. Pancras Churchyard in London.

Rufane Donkin's cousin, Charles Collier Michell, served as the surveyor-general of the Cape Colony.

References

1 2 3 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Donkin, Sir Rufane Shaw". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 417.
↑ Burke, John (1835). A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours. 2. Colburn. p. 69. Retrieved 2012-09-07. DONKIN, SIR RUFANE-SHAW, [...] m. first, Elizabeth-Frances, eldest daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. George Markham, dean of York, and grand-daughter of the late Archbishop of York [...][ca. 1818]
↑ Markham, Edward (1963). McCormick, E.H., ed. New Zealand or recollections of it. Wellington: Government Printer. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 2013-04-07. [...] on 30 August 1815 the Dean's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married General Rufane Donkin, who soon afterwards left for India to take up the appointment of Quartermaster-General. [...] 'Poor Bessie' [...] bore a son and died at Meerut [ca 1818].
↑ Selwyn, William (1891). "The Port Elizabeth Pyramid". Cape carols and miscellaneous verses. Cape Town: Argus Print. and Pub. Co. p. 21. Retrieved 2014-01-09.

External links

"Archival material relating to Rufane Shaw Donkin". UK National Archives.
Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Rufane Shaw Donkin

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Marcus Beresford Sir Francis Blake	Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed 1832–1837 With: Sir Francis Blake 1832–1835 James Bradshaw 1835–1837	Succeeded by Richard Hodgson William Holmes
Preceded by Sir James Rivett-Carnac, Bt Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt	Member of Parliament for Sandwich 1839–1841 With: Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt	Succeeded by Hugh Hamilton Lindsay Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt
Military offices
Preceded by Lord Edward Somerset	Surveyor-General of the Ordnance 1835–1841	Succeeded by Charles Richard Fox
Preceded by Sir Henry Tucker Montresor	Colonel of the 11th (the North Devonshire) Regiment of Foot 1837–1841	Succeeded by John Wilson
Preceded by Sir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet	Colonel of the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) 1825–1837	Succeeded by John Taylor

Governors of the Cape Colony
	British occupation 1806–1814	David Baird Henry George Grey Du Pre Alexander Henry George Grey John Francis Cradock Robert Meade
	British colony 1814–1910	Charles Somerset Rufane Shaw Donkin Richard Bourke Galbraith Lowry Cole Thomas Francis Wade Benjamin D'Urban George Thomas Napier Peregrine Maitland Henry Pottinger Harry Smith George Cathcart Charles Henry Darling George Grey Robert Henry Wynyard Philip Edmond Wodehouse Charles Craufurd Hay Henry Barkly Henry Bartle Frere Henry Hugh Clifford George Cumine Strahan Hercules Robinson Leicester Smyth Henry D'Oyley Torrens Henry Augustus Smyth Henry Brougham Loch William Gordon Cameron Hercules Robinson William Howley Goodenough Alfred Milner William Francis Butler Walter Hely-Hutchinson Henry Jenner Scobell Those in italics were Acting Governors
State President of the South African Republic State President of the Orange Free State Prime Minister of the Cape Colony Prime Minister of Natal

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