Royal Naval Auxiliary Service

Ensign of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service.

The Royal Naval Auxiliary Service (R.N.X.S) was a uniformed, unarmed, civilian volunteer service, administered and trained by the Royal Navy to operate in the ports and anchorages of the UK in an Emergency. Although the abbreviated title would logically have been R.N.A.S. this abbreviation had long been taken by the various Royal Naval Air Stations, so R.N.X.S. it was. It maintained training units, and vessels at most major ports in the UK. and was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation^[1] of the Royal Naval Mine-watching Service (R.N.M.W.S.) and Admiralty Ferry Crew Association^[2] in response to the perceived nuclear threat to British ports. The service was disbanded on 31 March 1994 due to Ministry of Defence (MOD) cuts.^[3] Most vessels from its fleet were transferred to the Royal Navy or sold,^[4] with the exception of XSV Loyal Volunteer ,she was struck by a RO-RO Ferry while berthed in Ipswich Harbor and was later scrapped^[4]. The brief history of the R.N.X.S. is very well described in John Murray's book, 'The Royal Naval Auxiliary Service - the first twenty-five years', published by Maritime Books in 1988.^[1]

Role

The Service was divided into 'Afloat' and 'Shore' sections, The 'Afloat' personnel manned the Service's dedicated ships^{[4] [5]}and the 'Shore' personnel manned the Port Headquarters(PHQ) which were positioned around the UK. The 'Afloat' section contained engineers, seamen and communications personnel, while the 'shore' section consisted of communications and plotting staff, later amalgamated into an 'Operations' section. There was an element of cross-fertilization whereby some people of the 'Afloat' section worked in PHQs as communicators, drivers and security staff and some of the 'Shore' section worked afloat as engineers, seamen, communicators and, indeed, cooks

R.N.X.S personnel, known as auxiliarymen regardless of gender, were to be readily available to assist in the tasks of evacuating major ports and dispatching larger and faster merchant vessels overseas in case of an attack on the UK. Any remaining ships were to be dispersed to safe anchorages along the coasts or at nearby islands. Formation, planning and sailing of convoys were tasks undertaken in the PHQs by R.N.X.S. staff working within overall dedicated RNR control during exercises. The Communications personnel operated the Communications Centre connected via teleprinter and, latterly computer, to all UK MOD Communications Nodes and, unassisted, performed these tasks solely within the RNXS structure on behalf of the overall PHQ Command and Naval Officer In Command (N.O.I.C.)

For some of these purposes, the R.N.X.S operated a small fleet of inshore vessels. Initially, the vessels were 45 ft and 61.5 feet Motor Fishing Vessels. These smaller boats were soon replaced by 10 Inshore Minesweepers (Ham Class). R.N.X.S. vessel names were prefixed 'XSV' for Auxiliary Service Vessel.. The Minesweepers were de-armed and converted to enable larger training crews to be embarked. The 20 mm Oerlikon Cannon or 40mm Bofors guns were removed but the mounts were kept. Over time, the Minesweepers were replaced by Fleet Tenders, the "Loyals".^[5][4][6] Most of this Class of ships' names were prefixed 'Loyal' apart from XSV Supporter, whose home port was Belfast ,and, given Irish political tensions at the time, the prefix "Loyal" was dropped^[7].The R.N.X.S operated 11 Purpose Built Fleet Tenders^[7] and various other small craft. In 1990, a specific threat of port attack by subversive and/or Special Forces was identified and to help to counter this threat, the R.N.X.S received 4 of "P2000" fast patrol craft from the 14 built for the Royal Navy^[8] And these P2000s are still in service, as commissioned warships at University Royal Naval Units.

The sailing of merchantmen both overseas and coastal sailings involved setting up assembly anchorages where ships might be formed into convoys, a naval escort or surveillance for information on routing, intelligence, and communications. Auxiliarymen were required at assembly anchorage control to assist in these tasks.^[1]

Originally, the Royal Naval Mine-watching Service (R.N.M.W.S) had two main tasks in war.^[9][1]

First, to observe, plot and report the fall of mines laid by enemy aircraft in port approaches and main waterways. Second, to provide the basic local organisation for naval officers in charge at strategic ports Around the UK  in war.

These tasks were not new, indeed they had been performed by naval and merchant naval personnel throughout the past centuries. The nuclear threat, however, had cut the time available to the Royal Navy, and the Merchant Navy had to be developed or adapted to cope.

Therefore, the R.N.X.S was formed^[9][3][1].

In 1963 the Royal Mine-watching Service assumed a new role and name with responsibilities to provide staff to support the Navy in the various Ports Headquarters around the UK that would be set up in a  National Emergency or war.

Royal warrant

A Royal Warrant was granted changing its name from the  "Royal Naval Mine-watching Service" to the "Royal Naval Auxiliary Service",(R.N.X.S) to reflect more accurately these new functions^[9].

One of the Royal Navy's major tasks, is the protection of shipping and the R.N.X.S played a non-combatant, but important role in support of its parent Navy by manning Port headquarters in major ports and anchorages around the United Kingdom. they were to be available to assist in the tasks, of evacuating major ports, and dispatching larger and faster merchant vessels overseas in case of an attack on the UK. Any remaining ships were to be dispatched to safe anchorages along the coasts or at nearby islands.

Because merchant vessels travelling overseas in time of war, involved the setting up assembly anchorages, where ships could be formed into convoys, ready for a Naval Escort. R.N.X.S personnel were required at assembly anchorages to assist in routing of vessels, intelligence, and communications both ashore and afloat .The Service also provided craft and crews to support the Navy in these ports and anchorages. These craft ranged from Ex Inshore Minesweepers, Fleet Tenders(Loyal class^[6][5][4]) to fast Patrol Boats (P2000 or the shortened P20), permanently on loan to the service. The craft were normally based in Naval Dockyards for the necessary maintenance and technical support from the Royal Maritime Auxiliary service but they were manned entirely by the R.N.X.S crew .

These craft were at sea most weekends for practical training also taking part in National and NATO exercises ,as well as, local and out of area training cruises. The craft took part in fleet reviews; and have been used in the clearance of oil pollution; search and rescue and many other tasks.

The Ensign of Royal Naval Auxiliary Service

The Ensign was originally created in 1954 for the Royal Naval Mine-watching Service ,But when the service was amalgamated with the Admiralty Ferry Crews Association, To become the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service (R.N.X.S) In 1963 ^[9]. The Flag inscription was altered to reflect that name change.

Command Structure^[4]

The R.N.X.S command structure^[4] was divided in to Geographical Areas within the UK

• Scotland, Northern Ireland & N.E England Training Units^[4]

Grimsby,Thorne,Hull,Stockton & Tees-port, Hartlepool, Sunderland, Newcastle, Blyth, Leith, Rosyth, Dundee, Aberdeen, Elgin, Inverness, Inver Gordon, Thurso, Kirkwall, Greenock & Clyde port, Ayr, Bangor, Belfast.

RAF Pitreavie ^[10]Castle near Dunfermline, Fife, was the Headquarters, of the Scotland, Northern Ireland & N.E England, R.N.X.S Group, consisting of both permanent and volunteer staff

• Portsmouth Training Units^[4] *

Bexhill, Chatham, Chelmsford, Dover, Felixstowe. Gravesend, Greenwich, Harwich ,Isle of white, Ipswich ,London, Margate, Poole, Portland Portsmouth, Sheerness, Shoreham Southampton, Southend, Great Yarmouth.

• Plymouth Training Units^[4] *

Exeter, Guernsey, jersey, Torbay, Plymouth, Fowley, Falmouth, Penzance ,Barnstable, Bristol, Gloucester, Sully, Swansea, Pembroke Dock, Holyhead, Menai bridge, Conwy, Liverpool, Inskip.

R.N.X.S Crew

The R.N.X.S accepted women among its crews before the Royal Navy did. The first female skipper was Denise St Aubyn Hubbard in 1978.^[1][3]

The men and women of the R.N.X.S, or auxiliary-men as they were known (regardless of gender), were between the ages of 21 and 60 and came from various backgrounds as civilians or Ex service personnel.

Members undertook weekly classroom training ,in their chosen departments , Engineering, Seamanship, Communications, and Operations. ashore and afloat, and worked towards qualifications, members also took part in extended formal training with the Navy^[4]

The R.N.X.S had a pleasant family flavour and in many units,were husbands and wives, sons and daughters^[3] training together for the job best suited to former experience and physical abilities.^[3]

The Captains of the RNXS to 1987^[1]

November 1963 - December 1966 J.A. Murray

December 1966 - January 1970 D.R. Johnston

January 1970 - February 1973 D.J. Farquharson

February 1973 - March 1976 P.S. Hicks-Beach

March 1976 - August 1979 G.J.M. Andrewes

August 1979 - November 1982 P.R.D. Kimm

November 1982 - November 1984 M.R.Hare

November 1984 - end of period J.R. Griffiths

The Earl Of Mar and Kellie was a member of the RNXS in the 1980s ^[11]

All R.N.X.S members are veterans of the Armed Forces.^[12]

In 1990 the R.N.X.S had a personnel of 3,200.^[13]

The day after the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service was disbanded on 31 March 1994, It`s members formed, The Maritime Volunteer service (MVS)

Vessels

Loyal class Fleet Tenders^[4]

The Loyal class Fleet Tenders were purpose built in the late seventies by Richard Dunston^[14][5] of Thorn, South Yorkshire, as training vessels for the R.N.X.S, they were based on a proven MOD/R.M.A.S design for supply tenders

However in the R.N.X.S version the hold was converted at build stage^[5] for extra accommodation for R.N.X.S crew They had interior hatches down into the converted holds, now fitted with bunks and living quarters. Externally, they are very similar to the " Clovelly class" supply Fleet Tenders.

Name	Pennant number	Notes
Loyal Helper	A157	Transferred to RMAS
Supporter	A158	Disposition unknown
Loyal Watcher	A159	Transferred to URNU
Loyal Volunteer[4] *	A160	Struck by RO-RO Ferry whilst berthed in Ipswich harbour; later scrapped[7]
Loyal Mediator	A161	Diving support vessel
Loyal Moderator	A220	Disposition unknown
Loyal Factor	A382	Transferred to HMS Vigilant
Loyal Governor	A510	Transferred to RMAS as RMAS Alert
Loyal Chancellor	A1770	Transferred to URNU`s**
Loyal Proctor	A1771	Disposition unknown

*Because of its name Loyal Volunteer was generally considered the flagship of the R.N.X.S

** University Royal Naval Unit (URNU)

Archer class (P2000 or "P20")

Royal Navy
Name	Pennant number	Builder	Commissioned	Attached to	Status
Example (ex-XSV Example)[4]	P165 (ex-A153)	Watercraft Marine	1985	Northumbrian URNU	In active service
Explorer (ex-XSV Explorer)[4]	P164(ex-A154)	Watercraft Marine	1986	Yorkshire URNU	In active service
Express (ex-XSV Express)[4]	P163 (ex-A163)	Vosper Thornycroft	1988	Wales URNU	In active service
Exploit (ex-XSV Exploit)[4]	P167 (ex-A167)	Vosper Thornycroft	1988	Birmingham URNU	In active service

Following the disbandment of the R.N.X.S, The Loyal Class fleet tenders and the P2000 were sold or reassigned within the Royal Navy^[4]

Disbandment^[9]

On the 18 October 1993 Malcolm Rifkind (Secretary of State For Defence 1992-1995) announced in the House of Commons, that proposals set out in June regarding the future of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service and Royal Auxiliary Air Force had been confirmed, And as no role could be found for them, they would be disbanded the following year.^[9]

On the 18 February 1994 it was confirmed in the House of Commons, as part of that same review that there is no continuing defence role for the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service ether. And after a properly managed rundown, the R.N.X.S will disband from 31 March 1994.

A serious machinery space fire, occurred on  XSV Exploit^[7] approximately 30 miles of Lundy island, at 0645 19th March 1994, as she was being transferred to RN Portsmouth from Greenock, as part of the managed run down of the service by R.N.X.S Crew.

The Padstow lifeboat, and the RAF SAR Helicopter^[15] from Chivenor, where scrambled, And a Tanker, on route to Milford Haven was diverted to help, but were not needed,  And if not for the Coolness, Professionalism, and Bravery of the R.N.X.S Skipper Area Officer. K Warner (Thorne unit)^[7], Charge Engineer Area Officer. G Swan (Hartlepool Unit)^[4], and Mate, J Smith (Rosyth Unit)^[7] ,who entered the compartment 3 times in breathing masks when the Halon drenching^[16] system failed , To fight the fire with fire extinguishers^[7]. The ship ,and quite possibly lives, would have been lost^[7]. 

The fire was later attributed, to a major mechanical failure, of the starboard main engine^[4], resulting in a large hole, in the sump casing.^[4] The fire spread quickly to the air ducts,igniting various rubber coolant pipes causing thick acrid,Toxic smoke.^[7]

The mood in the service was further compounded with the loss of Loyal Volunteer, in Ipswich harbour^[7] later that year, And was seen as a sad end, to a faithful vessel, and Aux Lt Cdr R.A Hare noted,^[7] "That this should be the fate of Loyal Volunteer, was not without its significance". 

Not all of the members of the RNXS were lost for good when the RNXS disbanded. Some 2,000 former members of the RNR and RNXS formed the, Maritime Volunteer Service, a civilian but uniformed organisation^[17], as a national maritime training organisation, with charitable status. Designed to perpetuate maritime skills, in order to continue and develop those skills.It has taken over and expanded many R.N.X.S roles^[17]. The Maritime Volunteer Service has recently been officially recognised by the Royal Navy.

See also

• Royal Naval Reserve (R.N.R)
• Maritime Volunteer Service(M.V.S)

References

External links

• Maritime Volunteer Service