Royal Geographical Society

Royal Geographical Society
(with the Institute of British Geographers)
Abbreviation RGS-IBG
Formation 1830 (1830)
Type Learned society
Headquarters 1 Kensington Gore, Kensington, London, SW7 2AR
President
 Nicholas Crane[1]
Website www.rgs.org
Remarks Patron: HRH The Princess Royal

The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) is the UK's learned society and professional body for geography, founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical sciences. Today, it is the leading centre for geographers and geographical learning. The Society has over 16,500 members and its work reaches millions of people each year through publications, research groups and lectures.

History

Lowther Lodge, Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) headquarters, designed by Richard Norman Shaw

The Geographical Society of London was founded in 1830 under the name Geographical Society of London as an institution to promote the 'advancement of geographical science'.[2] It later absorbed the older African Association, which had been founded by Sir Joseph Banks in 1788, as well as the Raleigh Club and the Palestine Association.

Like many learned societies, it had started as a dining club in London, where select members held informal dinner debates on current scientific issues and ideas.

Founding members of the Society included Sir John Barrow, Sir John Franklin and Sir Francis Beaufort. Under the patronage of King William IV it later became known as The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) and was granted its Royal Charter under Queen Victoria in 1859.[2]

From 1830 – 1840 the RGS met in the rooms of the Horticultural Society in Regent Street, London and from 1854 -1870 at 15 Whitehall Place, London. In 1870, the Society finally found a home when it moved to 1 Savile Row, London – an address that quickly became associated with adventure and travel.

The Society also used a lecture theatre in Burlington Gardens, London which was lent to it by the Civil Service Commission. However, the arrangements were thought to be rather cramped and squalid.

The Society has been a key associate and supporter of many famous explorers and expeditions, including those of:

A new impetus was given to the Society's affairs in 1911, with the election of Earl Curzon, the former Viceroy of India, as the Society's President (1911–1914). The premises in Savile Row were sold and the present site, Lowther Lodge in Kensington Gore, was purchased for £100,000[3] and opened for use in April 1913. In the same year the Society's ban on women was lifted.

Lowther Lodge was built in 1874 for the Hon William Lowther by Norman Shaw, one of the most outstanding domestic architects of his day. Extensions to the east wing were added in 1929, and included the New Map Room and the 750 seat Lecture Theatre. The extension was formally opened by HRH the Duke of York (later King George VI) at the Centenary Celebrations on 21 October 1930.

The history of the Society was closely allied for many of its earlier years with 'colonial' exploration in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the polar regions, and central Asia especially.

It has been a key associate and supporter of many notable explorers and expeditions, including those of Darwin, Livingstone, Stanley, Scott, Shackleton, Hunt and Hillary.

The early history of the Society is inter-linked with the history of British Geography, exploration and discovery. Information, maps, charts and knowledge gathered on expeditions was sent to the RGS, making up its now unique geographical collections. The Society published its first journal in 1831 and from 1855, accounts of meetings and other matters were published in the Society Proceedings. In 1893, this was replaced by The Geographical Journal which is still published today.

The Society was also pivotal in establishing Geography as a teaching and research discipline in British universities, and funded the first Geography positions in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

2012 Poster for exhibition in the glass Pavilion on centenary of Scott's final expedition to the South Pole

With the advent of a more systematic study of geography, the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) was formed in 1933, by some academic Society fellows, as a sister body to the Society. Its activities included organising conferences, field trips, seminars and specialist research groups and publishing the journal, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. The RGS and IBG co-existed for 60 years until 1992 when a merger was discussed. In 1994, members were balloted and the merger agreed. In January 1995, the new Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) was formed.[2]

The Society also works together with other existing bodies serving the geographical community, in particular the Geographical Association and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.

In 2004, The Society's historical Collections relating to scientific exploration and research, which are of national and international importance, were opened to the public for the first time. In the same year, a new category of membership was introduced to widen access for people with a general interest in geography. The new Foyle Reading Room and glass Pavilion exhibition space were also opened to the public in 2004 – unlocking the Society intellectually, visually and physically for the 21st century. For example, in 2012 the RGS held an exhibition, in the glass Pavilion, of photographs taken by Herbert Ponting on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's expedition to the South Pole in 1912.[4]

Governance and past presidents

Council

Statue of Shackleton by Charles Sargeant Jagger outside the society headquarters

The Society is governed by its Board of trustees called the Council, which is chaired by its President. The members of Council and the President are elected from its Fellowship. The council consists of 36 members, 22 of which are elected by Fellows and serve for a three-year term. In addition to the elected trustees, there are Honorary members (who include the Duke of Kent as Honorary President) who sit on the council.

Committees

The society has five specialist committees that it derives advice from

Selected list of past presidents

See Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society for longer list.

Statue of Sir Clements Robert Markham next to the back entrance

Membership

There are four categories of individual membership:

Ordinary membership

Anyone with an interest in geography is eligible to apply to become a member of the RGS-IBG.[7]

Young Geographer

People aged between 14 and 24 currently studying, a recent graduate of geography or a related subject.[8]

Postgraduate Fellow of the Society

Is open to anyone who is a postgraduate student in Geography or an allied subject at a United Kingdom university.[9]

Fellowship

Fellows of the Society must either be proposed and seconded by an existing fellow or an individual may submit evidence of his or her own work and academic publications in the field of geography and closely related subjects such as international development and climate change. Applicants must be of at least 21 years of age and provide evidence of a body of relevant work; alternatively, a previous five-year commitment at the regular member level (less, at the council's discretion) is also considered for eligibility. Fellows may use the post-nominal designation FRGS after their names.[10]

Chartered geographer

Chartered geographer accreditation seal

Since 2002 the society has been granted the power to award the status of chartered geographer. The status of can be obtained only by those who have a degree in geography or related subject and at least 6 years' geographical experience, or 15 years' geographical work experience for those without a degree. Being awarded the status allows the use of the post-nominal letters "CGeog".

Chartered geographer (teacher) is a professional accreditation available to teachers who can demonstrate competence, experience and professionalism in the use of geographical knowledge or skills in and out of the classroom, and who are committed to maintaining their professional standards through ongoing continuing professional development (CPD).

Research groups

The Society's Research and Study Groups bring together active researchers and professional geographers in particular areas of geography. There are 27 active research groups, with each group organising their own seminars, conferences, workshops and other activities.[11]

Research groups
Biogeography Research Group British Geomorphic Research Group
Climate Change Research Group Contract Research and Teaching Forum
Developing Areas Research Group Economic geography Research Group
Geographical Information Science Research Group Geography of Health Research Group
Geography of Lesiure and Tourism Research Group Higher Education Research Group
Historical Geography Research Group History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group
Mountain Research Group Participatory Geographies Working Group
Planning and Environment Research Group Political geography Research Group
Population geography Research Group |} Postgraduate Forum
The Post-Socialist Geographies Research Group Quantitative Methods Research Group
Rural Geography Research Group Social and Cultural Geography Research Group
Space, Sexualities and Queer Research Group Transport Geography Research Group
Urban geography Research Group Women and Geography Research Group

Medals and awards

The society also presents many awards to geographers that have contributed to the advancement of geography.[12]

The most prestigious of these awards are the Gold Medals (Founder's Medal 1830 and the Patron's Medal 1838). The award is given for "the encouragement and promotion of geographical science and discovery", and are approved by Queen Elizabeth II. The awards originated as an annual gift of fifty guineas from King William IV, first made in 1831, "to constitute a premium for the encouragement and promotion of geographical science and discovery". The Society decided in 1839 to change this monetary award into two gold medals: Founder’s Medal and the Patron’s. The award has been given to notable geographers including David Livingstone (1855), Nain Singh Rawat (1876),[13] Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen (1878), Alfred Russel Wallace (1892), and Frederick Courtney Selous (1893) to more recent winners including Percy Harrison Fawcett (1916), Professor William Morris Davis (1919), Sir Halford John Mackinder (1945), Professor L. Dudley Stamp (1949), Professor Richard Chorley (1987) and Professor David Harvey (1995). In 2004 Harish Kapadia was awarded the Patron's Medal for contributions to geographical discovery and mountaineering in the Himalayas, making him the second Indian to receive the award in its history. In 2005 the Founder's Medal was awarded to Professor Sir Nicholas Shackleton for his research in the field of Quaternary Palaeoclimatology and the Patron's Medal was awarded to Professor Jean Malaurie for a lifelong study of the Arctic and its people. In 1902 they awarded khan Bahadur Sher Jang a Sword of Honour (the Black Memorial) in recognition of his valuable services to geography

In total the society awards 17 medals and awards including Honorary Membership and Fellowships. Some of the other awards given by the Society include:

Collections

A representation of the historical emblem of the Royal Geographical Society

The Society's Collections consist of over two million documents, maps, photographs, paintings, periodicals, artefacts and books, and span 500 years of geography, travel and exploration.[15] The Society preserves the Collections for the benefit of future generations, while providing public access and promoting Collections-related educational programmes for schools and lifelong learners. The Foyle Reading Room acts as a consultation space for using the Society's collections,[16] and hosts showcases and workshops as well as the Be Inspired series of talks.[17]

Artefacts

The artefacts collection includes over a thousand items brought to the Society, consisting mainly of cultural objects from around the world, ranging from Inuit boots (from Canadian Arctic) to ceremonial leopard’s claws (from the then Belgian Congo), paraphernalia of exploration, for example oxygen sets used in the various attempts on Everest, and personal items belonging to some of the world’s greatest explorers, such as Shackleton’s Burberry helmet. Artefacts from the collection have been loaned to exhibitions around the world and are in continual demand.[18]

Books and journals

The library collection holds over 150,000 bound volumes which date primarily from the foundation of the Society in 1830 onwards, and focus on the history and geography of places worldwide. Example volumes include information on European migration, a 19th-century guidebook to Berlin, and David Livingstone’s account of his search for the source of the Nile.[19] It currently receives around 800 journal titles, as well as many more journal titles that are either not currently subscribed to, or have ceased publication, allowing Society members access to the latest geographical academic literature in addition to the journals published by the RGS-IBG itself.[20]

Expedition report

The RGS-IBG houses a unique collection of 4,500 expedition reports. These documents contain details of the achievements and research results of expeditions to almost every country of the world. The catalogue of these reports, and over 8,500 planned and past expeditions, is held on a database which provides contact with a wide variety of sporting, scientific and youth expeditions from 1965 to the present day.[21]

Maps and atlases

The Society holds one of the largest private map collections in the world which is continuously increasing. It includes one million sheets of maps and charts, 3000 atlases, 40 globes and 1000 gazetteers. The earliest printed item in the Collection dates back to 1482. The RGS-IBG also holds manuscript materials from the mid sixteenth century onwards, aerial photography from 1919 and contemporary satellite images.[22]

Manuscript archive

The Manuscript archive collection consists of material arising out of the conduct of Society business and manuscripts relating to persons or subjects of special interest. The document collection includes a few papers from before the Society's foundation in 1830, and is particularly useful to biographers of nineteenth and early twentieth century travellers and geographers, as well as research into the development of geographical knowledge and the historical development of geography.[23]

Events recordings

Since 1994, the Society has recorded the majority of its Monday night lectures - Society members and Fellows can watch selected lectures from 2006 onwards online.[24]

Photographs and artworks

The Society’s Picture Library holds over half a million photographs, artworks, negatives, lantern slides and albums dating from around 1830, offering a rich source of imagery from a golden age of travel and exploration, to modern geographical depictions. Historic images range from the great Antarctic adventures of Scott and Shackleton to the pioneering journeys of Livingstone, Baker, Speke and Burton.[25]

Grants

An important way in which the RGS-IBG develops new knowledge and advances geographical science is by providing funding for geographical research and scientific expeditions. The Society offers a number of grants to researchers, students, teachers and independent travellers. More than 70 projects are supported each year and in excess of £180,000 is awarded annually. Research has been conducted in more than 120 countries, from Namibia to Brazil to Greenland.[26]

Expeditions, fieldwork and independent travel grants

Every year the RGS-IBG helps teams of students and researchers to get into the field with Geographical Fieldwork Grants, the Society's longest running grant scheme. The newest initiative is the RGS-IBG International Field Centre Grants, for work in international field centres in developing nations. Independent travel grants support challenging and inspiring geographical journeys and expeditions. There are opportunities to challenge yourself physically and mentally through the Neville Shulman Challenge Award, and to make a radio documentary about an inspiring journey with a Journey of a Lifetime Award. The Land Rover Bursary supports those who want to take a journey beyond their limits and boundaries.[27]

Student grants

Each year, the Society supports over 50 student fieldwork projects, from PhD students collecting data for their dissertation to groups of undergraduates looking to get out into the field for the first time. Grants are available for both human and physical geography projects, in any area of the world.[28]

Research grants

The Society supports a range of field and desk-based research by academic geographers, from established researchers undertaking cutting edge fieldwork to early career academics working on smaller projects. The RGS-IBG also supports academics attending geographical conferences around the world. Some awards focus on particular geographical regions or topics, with others open to any aspect of the discipline.[29]

Teaching grants

The Society supports innovation in teaching geography at secondary and higher education level, offering several Awards for school teachers to work alongside researchers at the cutting edge of geographical research, so to develop educational resources for the classroom, and to create imaginative and innovative teaching materials.[30]

Journals

The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)'s scholarly publications provide an outlet and support for the dissemination of high quality research across the breadth of the discipline. In 2012, three main journals alone were accessed online internationally over 1.3 million times.

Area

Exploring innovative themes and supporting new researchers, Area is at the cutting edge of the discipline and has an annual prize for new researchers.

Geo: Geography and Environment

A new open access journal to be launched this year.[31]

Geographical Journal

Focusing on public debates, policy-oriented agendas and notions of 'relevance' the long-running GJ has exceptionally wide international reach.

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

One of the foremost international journals of geographical research, Transactions publishes landmark articles which advance the discipline.

WIREs: Climate Change

Developed in association with the Royal Meteorological Society and Wiley-Blackwell, this review journal provides an important new encyclopaedic reference for climate change scholarship and research.

Public engagement

The Society aims to engage the general public with geography, our changing world and the challenges we face. This is done partly through the Society's public engagement projects.

21st Century Challenges

21st Century Challenges is the Society's discussion series that aims to improve public understanding of, and engagement with, some of the big issues likely to affect our lives and society in the coming years. The talks are held at the Society's headquarters in South Kensington, London, with all talks available to watch online along with additional information. [32]

Discovering Britain

Discovering Britain[33] is a website featuring a series of self-led geographical walks that help explain the stories behind the UK's built and natural landscapes. Each walk explores a particular landscape, finding out about the way in which the forces of nature, people, events and the economy have created and shaped the area.[34] There are now more than 120 walks on the Discovering Britain website, covering all regions of the United Kingdom. Walks are themed according to the landscape in which they are located, including built, prehistoric, historic, working, hidden and changing landscapes. Walks also look at people in the landscape, and shaping, preserving and exploiting the landscape.[35]

Hidden Journeys

Hidden Journeys is a public engagement project of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) that started in 2010.[36] The Hidden Journeys website combines images, stories and maps (many from the Society's geographical collections) into a series of interactive guides of popular flight paths, enabling people to explore the incredible places they fly over and might see from the air. Since launching, online guides have been published for more than 25 flight paths, including London to Johannesburg, New York City to Los Angeles, Sydney to Singapore, Madrid to Rio de Janeiro.[37]

The Hidden Journeys project is also integrating its content with the moving maps aboard airliners, as a new form of in-flight entertainment (IFE) that has been termed geo-entertainment or geotainment.[38]

In December 2013, Singapore Airlines began a trial of an enhanced moving map that featured Hidden Journeys content.[39] Developed in partnership between Hidden Journeys and the IFE software company Airborne Interactive, the enhanced map is available for the Singapore-London route on the airline's brand new Boeing 777-300ER (flight number SQ308 and SQ319), and features a range of geographical facts and highlights, photography and maps, all curated by the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). Information is delivered in real time, with content changing as the flight progresses, so for example, while a passenger is passing over the United Kingdom, they'll be met with a pop-up that explains the origins and importance of the English Channel.[40]

Schools

The RGS-IBG education department offers courses, resources, accreditation, grants, awards and school membership, all for the benefit of teachers, students and parents. It also runs the Geography Ambassador scheme.

Educational resources

The Society produces cases studies, lesson plans and activity ideas for an all levels of learning, from KS1 up to post-GCSE.[41] The Geography in the News website is available for Schools Members and Young Geographers. It has more than 300 topical case studies.[42] Many of the Society's other resources are free to use.

Geography Ambassadors

The Geography Ambassadors scheme[43] recruits, trains and supports volunteer undergraduate, postgraduate and graduate geographers from universities and business. Geography Ambassadors deliver lively, activity-based sessions at schools and they engage with more than 30,000 pupils each year. The scheme is aimed at introducing students to the benefits of studying geography beyond a compulsory level in schools, but also into higher education and employment.

Geographical magazine

Geographical is the official monthly magazine of the Society, and has been published continuously since 1935. The magazine contains illustrated articles on people, places, adventure, travel, and environmental issues, as well as summarising the latest academic research and discoveries in geography. Geographical also reports news of the Society's latest work and activities to members and the public.[44]

See also

References

  1. ↑ RGS President
  2. 1 2 3 "Royal Geographical Society - History". Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. ↑ "Albertopolis: Royal Geographical Society". Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
  4. ↑ "Scott centenary: An enduring scientific legacy". Exhibition With Scott to the Pole 16 January 2012 to 30 March 2012. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  5. ↑ People & Staff Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 24 June 2012
  6. ↑ RGS President RGS President. Retrieved 30 September 2015
  7. ↑ "Membership". rgs.org. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  8. ↑ "Young Geographer". rgs.org. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  9. ↑ "Postgraduate Fellowship". rgs.org. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  10. ↑ "Fellowship". rgs.org. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  11. ↑ "Research Groups". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  12. ↑ "Medals and Awards". About Us. Royal Geographical Society with IBG. n.d. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  13. ↑ Nagendra, Harini (10 September 1999). "Rediscovering Nain Singh" (PDF). Current Science. 77 (5): 716–717.
  14. ↑ "Medals & Awards" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  15. ↑ "Collections". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  16. ↑ "Foyle Reading Room". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  17. ↑ Archived 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ↑ "Artefacts". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  19. ↑ "Books and pamphlets". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  20. ↑ "Journals". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  21. ↑ "Expedition reports". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  22. ↑ "Maps and atlases". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  23. ↑ "Manuscript archive". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  24. ↑ "Events recordings". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  25. ↑ "Photographs and artworks". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  26. ↑ "Grants". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  27. ↑ "Fieldwork and expeditions". RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  28. ↑ "Student Grants". RGS. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  29. ↑ "Research Grants". RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  30. ↑ "Teaching grants and resources". RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  31. ↑ "Bulletin 2014". Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  32. ↑ "21st Century Challenges". Rgs.org. 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  33. ↑ "Discovering Britain". RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  34. ↑ "Lancaster:A city of philanthropists" (PDF). RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  35. ↑ "Discovering Britain". RGS. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  36. ↑ "Explore the world beneath your feet – air travel website to reveal landscapes and cultures 10,000m below" (PDF). RGS-IBG Press Release - 23.11.10. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  37. ↑ "Hidden Journeys crosses the Channel on its new flight path from Farnborough to Cannes." (PDF). RGS-IBG Press Release 07.02.11. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  38. ↑ "Geo-Entertainment looks to open passengers’ eyes to the magic of flying". Airline Passenger Experience Association - Editor's Blog. 12 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "Next generation of in-flight mapping brings the journey alive" (PDF). RGS-IBG Media Release. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  40. ↑ "Are we there yet? New in-flight maps point to more fun on planes". CNN Business Traveller. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  41. ↑ "Teaching resources". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  42. ↑ "Geography in the News - topical geography resources for teachers and students". Geographyinthenews.rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  43. ↑ "Geography Ambassador scheme". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
  44. ↑ "Geographical magazine". Rgs.org. Retrieved 2015-05-16.

Further reading

Coordinates: 51°30′05″N 0°10′31″W / 51.5013°N 0.1754°W / 51.5013; -0.1754

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