Rotor syndrome

Rotor syndrome
Bilirubin
Classification and external resources
Specialty endocrinology
ICD-10 E80.6
ICD-9-CM 277.4
OMIM 237450
DiseasesDB 11671
MeSH D006933
Orphanet 3111

Rotor syndrome, also called Rotor type hyperbilirubinemia,[1] is a rare, relatively benign autosomal recessive[2] bilirubin disorder. It is a distinct, yet similar disorder to Dubin–Johnson syndrome[1] — both diseases cause an increase in conjugated bilirubin.

Signs and symptoms

Rotor syndrome has many features in common with Dubin–Johnson syndrome, an exception being that the liver cells are not pigmented. The main symptom is a non-itching jaundice. There is a rise in bilirubin in the patient's serum, mainly of the conjugated type.

It can be differentiated from Dubin–Johnson syndrome in the following ways:

Rotor syndrome Dubin–Johnson syndrome
appearance of liver normal histology and appearance liver has black pigmentation
gallbladder visualization gallbladder can be visualized by oral cholecystogram gallbladder cannot be visualized
total urine coproporphyrin content high with <70% being isomer 1 normal with >80% being isomer 1 (normal urine contains more of isomer 3 than isomer 1)

Genetics

Rotor syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

Rotor syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.[2]The SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes are involved in Rotor syndrome. Mutations in both genes are required for the condition to occur. The SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes provide instructions for making similar proteins, called organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3), respectively. Both proteins are found in liver cells; they transport bilirubin and other compounds from the blood into the liver so that they can be cleared from the body. In the liver, bilirubin is dissolved in a digestive fluid called bile and then excreted from the body. The SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 gene mutations that cause Rotor syndrome lead to abnormally short, nonfunctional OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 proteins or an absence of these proteins. Without the function of either transport protein, bilirubin is less efficiently taken up by the liver and removed from the body. The buildup of this substance leads to jaundice in people with Rotor syndrome.[3]

Diagnosis

Liver function tests are normal. Pigmented granules are not seen in the hepatocytes of individuals with Rotor syndrome.

Treatment

To treat the jaundice phenobarbital is normally used

Eponym

Rotor syndrome is named after the Filipino internist, Arturo Belleza Rotor (1907–1988).[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 237450
  2. 1 2 Wolkoff AW, Wolpert E, Pascasio FN, Arias IM (February 1976). "Rotor's syndrome. A distinct inheritable pathophysiologic entity". The American Journal of Medicine. 60 (2): 173–179. PMID 766621. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(76)90426-5.
  3. ↑ http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/rotor-syndrome
  4. ↑ synd/2296 at Who Named It?
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