Roog

Roog or Rog (Koox in the Cangin languages) is the Supreme God and Creator of the Serer religion of the Senegambia region.[1]

Names and titles

In Serer, roog means sky or the heavens.[2]

Roog is sometimes referred to as Roog Sene (Rog Seen, Rog Sene, Rooh Seen, etc.) which means Roog the Immensity, or by extension, the merciful god.[3] Other titles which are used outside of prayers include Roog Dangandeer Seen ("Roog the omnipresent", by extension it can also mean "the Omnipresent God"), Roog o Caaci’in Seen (Roog our ancestor), Roog o maak Seen [or "Roog a faha"] (Roog is great), Roog a yaal'in Seen (Roog our Lord), Roog o Ndimaan Seen (Roog! The giver of the fruit [or life]),[1] and "The Master of the World".[4]

The name Roog is probably a corruption of the deity Koox.[5] This may stem from the Serers of Kaabu or Tekrur (present-day Futa Tooro in Senegal)[6] after their exodus in the 11th century following a religious war. According to the oral tradition of the Cangin, the original name of the supreme being was Kooh.

Beliefs

Roog is the Supreme being and Creator God of the Serer pantheon.[1][4][7] He is the source of life and everything returns to him.[4] He is "the point of departure and conclusion, the origin and the end".[8] The practitioners of the Serer traditional religion do not directly pray to Roog, choosing instead to pray through ancestral spirits known as pangool,[9] and as a result Roog has no place of worship.[7] It is considered blasphemous to make images of Roog.[7]

Gender

The Serer believe that Roog is an incorporeal and hermaphroditic being, possessing both a male and female nature. Depending on the situation, an individual may attempt to evoke its male or female side by using whichever pronoun is appropriate, although in scholarly works written in French and English the masculine pronoun is usually used. Saltigues refer to Roog as "father and mother" during their consecration rituals,[4] while in the Serer creation myth it is both grandfather and grandmother, with the grandmother aspect giving birth to humanity.[11]

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 3 (in French) Thiaw, Issa Laye, "La Religiosite de Seereer, Avant et pendant leur Islamisation". Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine, Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre (1991) (Retrieved : 25 May 2012)
  2. ↑ Gravrand, "Pangool", p 176
  3. ↑ (in French) Faye, Louis Diène, "Mort et Naissance le monde Sereer", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1983), p 44, ISBN 2-7236-0868-9
  4. 1 2 3 4 Gravrand, "Pangool", p 183
  5. ↑ Gravrand, "Pangool", pp 169-171
  6. ↑ Gravrand, "Pangool", p 169
  7. 1 2 3 (in French) Thiaw, Issa laye, "Mythe de la création du monde selon les sages sereer", pp 45-50, 59-61 [in] "Enracinement et Ouverture" – "Plaidoyer pour le dialogue interreligieux", Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (23 and 24 June 2009), Dakar (Retrieved : 25 May 2012)
  8. ↑ (in English) Madiya, Clémentine Faïk-Nzuji, "Canadian Museum of Civilization", Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies, "International Centre for African Language, Literature and Tradition", (Louvain, Belgium), pp 27, 155, ISBN 0-660-15965-1
  9. ↑ (in French) Kesteloot, Lilyan, "Introduction aux religions d'Afrique noire", s.n., 2007, p 50,
  10. ↑ (in French) Saltigue Geej Seen (1 September 1983) [in] Thiaw, Issa laye, "Mythe de la création du monde selon les sages sereer", p 50 [in] "Enracinement et Ouverture" – "Plaidoyer pour le dialogue interreligieux", Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (23 and 24 June 2009), Dakar (Retrieved : 25 May 2012)
  11. ↑ Henry Gravrand, "La civilisation Sereer - Pangool", in Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frobenius-Institut, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kulturmorphologie, Frobenius Gesellschaft, "Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde, Volumes 43-44", F. Steiner (1997), pp 144-5, ISBN 3515028420

Bibliography

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