Robert Charles Winthrop

Robert Charles Winthrop
United States Senator
from Massachusetts
In office
July 30, 1850 – February 1, 1851
Appointed by George N. Briggs
Preceded by Daniel Webster
Succeeded by Robert Rantoul Jr.
18th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office
December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849
President James K. Polk
Preceded by John W. Davis
Succeeded by Howell Cobb
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 1st district
In office
November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850
Preceded by Nathan Appleton
Succeeded by Samuel Atkins Eliot
In office
November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842
Preceded by Abbott Lawrence
Succeeded by Nathan Appleton
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
In office
1835-1840
Personal details
Born (1809-05-12)May 12, 1809
Boston, Massachusetts
Died November 16, 1894(1894-11-16) (aged 85)
Boston, Massachusetts
Political party Whig
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard
(m. 1832; her death 1842)
Laura Derby Welles
(m. 1849; her death 1861)
Adele Granger Thayer Winthrop
(m. 1865; her death 1892)
Parents Thomas Lindall Winthrop
Elizabeth Bowdoin Temple
Education Boston Latin School
Alma mater Harvard University
Profession Lawyer, Politician, Philanthropist
Signature

Robert Charles Winthrop (May 12, 1809 – November 16, 1894) was an American lawyer and philanthropist and one time Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was a descendant of John Winthrop.

Early life

Robert Charles Winthrop was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Thomas Lindall Winthrop (1760–1841), the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, and Elizabeth Bowdoin Temple (1769–1825), who were married on July 25, 1786.[1] He was the youngest of 13 children born to his parents, including .[1]

His maternal grandparents were Sir John Temple, 8th Baronet (1731–1798), the first British envoy to the United States,[2] and Elizabeth Bowdoin, the daughter of James Bowdoin (1726–1790), the Governor of Massachusetts. His paternal great-great grandfathers were Joseph Dudley (1647–1720) and Wait Still Winthrop (1641/2–1717).[1]

Winthrop attended the prestigious Boston Latin School, and graduated from Harvard University in 1828,[3] which he attended with Dr. Henry Ingersoll Bowditch, George Stillman Hillard, Judge John Gilchrist, Edward Sprague Rand, and others of note.[4]

Career

After studying law with Daniel Webster he was admitted to the bar in 1831 and practiced in Boston. At 24, he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1835 to 1840,[5] and served as Speaker of the House of that body from 1838 to 1840. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1838.[6]

Winthrop was elected US Representative from Massachusetts as a Whig to the 26th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Abbott Lawrence; he was reelected to the 27th Congress and served from November 9, 1840, to May 25, 1842, when he resigned due to the death of his wife.[4]

He was subsequently elected to the 27th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of his successor, Nathan Appleton; he was reelected to the 28th and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from November 29, 1842 until July 30, 1850, and served as the Speaker of the House during the 30th Congress. To date he is the last Speaker who was neither a Republican nor a Democrat. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849.[7]

After Daniel Webster resigned from the United States Senate to become Secretary of State in 1850, Winthrop resigned from the House and, at 41, was appointed by fellow Whig Governor George Briggs to fill the remainder of Webster's Senate term.[5] Winthrop's views proved no more palatable to abolitionists than did Webster's, and he failed to win reelection by the state legislature to either of Massachusetts' Senate seats in 1851. He resigned without completing his term immediately following his election loss. Later that year, Winthrop actually won a popular plurality in the race for Massachusetts Governor but as the state Constitution required a majority, the election was thrown into the legislature. The same coalition of Democrats and Free Soilers defeated him again. His final venture into elected political office was as a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1852. Afterwards, Winthrop became an independent, unsuccessfully supporting Millard Fillmore, John Bell, and George McClellan.[8]

Later career

With his political career over at the young age of 41, Winthrop spent the remainder of his life in literary, historical, and philanthropic pursuits.[9] He was a major early patron of the Boston Public Library and president of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 1855 to 1885, during which time he wrote a biography of his ancestor John Winthrop.[10] He served as the president of the Massachusetts Bible Society for several years where he advocated that Christian morality was the necessary condition of a free society.[11] His most notable Christian philosophy for governing men, was as follows:

"Men, in a word, must necessarily be controlled either by a power within them or by a power without them; either by the Word of God or by the strong arm of man; either by the Bible or by the bayonet."[12]

His most notable contributions came as permanent Chairman and President of the Peabody Education Fund Trustees, which he served from 1867 to his death. As well as steering the contributions of the Peabody Trust, Winthrop gave his own money to various Southern schools, the most long lasting of which was the $1,500 of seed money provided to a teacher's college that renamed itself Winthrop University in gratitude. He became a noted orator, delivering the eulogy for George Peabody in 1870, and speaking at the ceremony that opened the Washington Monument in 1848.[13] Winthrop was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in October 1894.[6]

In 1892, in a celebration of his birth, it was noted that he had the distinction of having known every President of the United States except Washington and Jefferson.[14]

Personal life

On March 12, 1832, he married Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard (1809–1842), the daughter of Francis Blanchard (1784–1813) and Mary Ann Cabot (1784–1809), and the adopted daughter of Samuel P. Gardner.[4] Before her death, Robert and Elizabeth had three children:[1]

After Elizabeth's death, he married his second wife, Laura (née Derby) Welles, widow of Arnold Francis Welles. Laura was the daughter of attorney John Derby and granddaughter of Elias Hasket Derby (1739—1799), on November 6, 1849.[1] They remained married until her death in 1861.

On November 15, 1865, he married for the third and final time, to Adele (née Granger) Thayer (1820–1892), the widow of John E. Thayer. She was the daughter of Francis Granger (1792–1868), the Postmaster General under President William Henry Harrison and Cornelia Rutson Van Rensselaer (1798–1823).[4][16]

Winthrop died in Boston in 1894, and is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.[4] In his will, he left bequests to the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Provident Association, the Boston Children's Hospital, the Library of the Boston Latin School, and the library of the Sunday school of Trinity Church, Boston.[17]

Descendants

His granddaughter, Robert Jr.'s daughter Margaret Tyndal Winthrop (1880–1970),[18] married James Grant Forbes on November 28, 1906. James and Margaret were the parents of Rosemary Isabel Forbes, who married Richard John Kerry and were the parents of John Forbes Kerry, the U.S. Secretary of State, Senator and 2004 Presidential candidate.

See also

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Whitmore, William Henry (1856). An Account of the Temple Family: With Notes and Pedigree of the Family of Bowdoin : Reprinted from the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, with Corrections and Additions. Dutton & Wentworth. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  2. ↑ John Burke (1832). Burke's Peerage. II (fourth ed.). London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. p. 530.
  3. ↑ "Robert C. Winthrop.". The New York Times. 2 October 1897. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "DEATH OF R.C. WINTHROP; In Literature and Politics One of Boston's Great Men. DESCENDANT OF A NOTED FAMILY Representative in Congress for Many Years and Later a Senator -- A Famous Whig -- Noted as a Lecturer.". The New York Times. 17 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  5. 1 2 "The death of Robert C. Winthrop". The New York Times. 18 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  6. 1 2 American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
  7. ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter W" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  8. ↑ Winthrop, Robert Charles (1897). A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop: Prepared for the Massachusetts Historical Society. Little, Brown,. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  9. ↑ Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions, Robert Charles Winthrop, Google Book Search. Retrieved 07-03-2007.
  10. ↑ "THE TEA PARTY; A DAY OF HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES SPEECHES BY HON. ROBERT C. WINTHROP, GEN. BANKS, AND OTHERS.". The New York Times. 17 December 1873. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  11. ↑ Speech to the Massachusetts Bible Society (05-28-1849), quoted in Robert Winthrop, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions, Little, Brown & Co., 1852, p. 172.
  12. ↑ Robert Winthrop, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1852, p. 172 from his "Either by the Bible or the Bayonet.")
  13. ↑ Savage, Kirk (2009). Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-520-27133-3.
  14. ↑ "Robert C. Winthrop's Birthday.". The New York Times. 13 May 1892. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  15. ↑ Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1983). The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674527294. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  16. ↑ "THE ONLY FOUR HUNDRED; WARD M'ALLISTER GIVES OUT THE OFFICIAL LIST. HERE ARE THE NAMES, DON'T YOU KNOW, ON THE AUTHORITY OF THEIR GREAT LEADER, YOU UNDER- STAND, AND THEREFORE GENUINE, YOU SEE.". The New York Times. 16 February 1892. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  17. ↑ "ROBERT C. WINTHROP'S WILL; A Possibility that Harvard May Get a Slice of the Estate.". The New York Times. 29 November 1894. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  18. ↑ New York Times 1970 Jl 9, 37:6
Sources
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Preceded by
Julius Rockwell		 Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1838–1840 		Succeeded by
George Ashmun
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Abbott Lawrence		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 1st congressional district
November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842 		Succeeded by
Nathan Appleton
Preceded by
Nathan Appleton		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 1st congressional district
November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850 		Succeeded by
Samuel Atkins Eliot
Political offices
Preceded by
John Wesley Davis		 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849 		Succeeded by
Howell Cobb
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Daniel Webster		 U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts
July 30, 1850 – February 1, 1851
Served alongside: John Davis		 Succeeded by
Robert Rantoul, Jr.
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