Chinese Century

China

The Chinese Century (simplified Chinese: 中国世纪; traditional Chinese: 中國世紀; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shìjì) is a neologism suggesting that the 21st century will be geopolitically dominated by the People's Republic of China, similar to how "the American Century" refers to the 20th century and "Pax Britannica" ("British Peace") refers to the 19th.[1] The phrase is used particularly in the assertion that the economy of China could overtake the economy of the United States as the largest national economy in the world,[2] a position it held from 1500 to 1830 A.D.[3]

China created Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as alternative to NATO[4][5][6] and created Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and New Development Bank as both alternatives to World Bank and International Monetary Fund.[7][8] China further created One Belt, One Road policy initiative with future investments of almost $1 trillion[9] for push to take a bigger role in global affairs.[10][11]

Moreover, China plans to use Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership as counter to Trans-Pacific Partnership.[12][13][14]

Debates and Factors

Top five countries by military expenditure in 2016.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.[15]

On 2011, Michael Beckley, a research fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School, in his journal China's Century? Why America's Edge Will Endure rejects the idea that:

Alternatively, Beckley argues the United States’ power is durable and unipolarity and globalization are the main reasons why. He contends: "The United States derives competitive advantages from its preponderant position, and globalization allows it to exploit these advantages, attracting economic activity and manipulating the international system to its benefit."[16]

Beckley believes that if the United States really was in terminal decline, that it would adopt neomercantilist economic policies and disengage from military commitments in Asia. "If however, the United States is not in decline, and if globalization and hegemony are the main reasons why, then the United States should do the opposite: it should contain China’s growth by maintaining a liberal international economic policy, and it should subdue China’s ambitions by sustaining a robust political and military presence in Asia."[16] Beckley believes that the United States benefits from being an extant hegemon—the US did not overturn the international order to its benefit in 1990, but rather, the existing order collapsed around it.

Scholars that are skeptical of the US' maintaining unipolarity include Robert Pape, who has calculated that "one of the largest relative declines in modern history" stems from "the spread of technology to the rest of the world".[17] Similarly, Fareed Zakaria writes, "The unipolar order of the last two decades is waning not because of Iraq but because of the broader diffusion of power across the world."[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rees-Mogg, William (3 January 2005). "This is the Chinese century". London: The Times. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  2. ↑ Elliott, Michael (2007-01-22). "China Takes On the World". Time Magazine.
  3. ↑ http://glavkonstruktor.ru/upload/img/ADFQtcg.png
  4. ↑ Fredholm, Michael. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Eurasian Geopolitics: New Directions, Perspectives, and Challenges. NIAS Press. ISBN 9788776941079.
  5. ↑ Chomsky, Noam. Making the Future: Occupations, Interventions, Empire and Resistance. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141967875.
  6. ↑ Schneider, David K. "Archive: Shanghai Cooperation Organization - A league of Autocracies". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  7. ↑ "AIIB Vs. NDB: Can New Players Change the Rules of Development Financing?". Caixin. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  8. ↑ Cohn, Theodore H. Global Political Economy: Theory and Practice. Routledge. ISBN 9781317334811.
  9. ↑ "China is spending nearly $1 trillion to rebuild the Silk Road". PBS. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  10. ↑ "China’s one belt, one road initiative set to transform economy by connecting with trading partners along ancient Silk Road". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  11. ↑ "One Belt, One Road". Caixin Online. 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
  12. ↑ "China Touts Its Own Trade Pact as U.S.-Backed One Withers". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  13. ↑ "Beijing plans rival Asia-Pacific trade deal after Trump victory". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  14. ↑ "China Eager to Fill Political Vacuum Created by Trump’s TPP Withdrawal". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  15. ↑ "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  16. 1 2 Beckley, Michael (Winter 2011–2012). "China's Century? Why America's Edge Will Endure" (PDF). International Security. 36 (3): 41–78, p. 42. doi:10.1162/isec_a_00066. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  17. ↑ Pape, Robert (January–February 2009). "Empire Falls". The National Interest: 26. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  18. ↑ Zakaria, Fareed (2009). The Post-American World. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 43. ISBN 9780393334807.

Further reading

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