Rhipsalideae
| Rhipsalideae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Tribe: | Rhipsalideae DC. |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
The Rhipsalideae are a small tribe of cacti, comprising four genera (and around 60 species). They grow on trees (epiphytes) or on rocks (lithophytes), where they either hang down or form creeping or upright shrubs. Their flowers open in the day and remain open at night; they may be either radially symmetrical (regular) or bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic). The fruits are berry-like, fleshy with smallish seeds.[1]
They are found mainly in the east of South America, with a centre of diversity in Bolivia,[2] but some species occur in Central America and North America; one species, Rhipsalis baccifera, also occurs in the Old World.[1]
Genera
Cacti belonging to the Rhipsalidae are quite distinct in appearance and habit from other cacti, growing on trees or rocks as epiphytes or lithophytes, and are thus easily distinguished. However, for many years there was confusion as to how to divide the tribe into genera.[3] For example, in 1858 Charles Lemaire recognized the distinctiveness of the species then called Epiphyllum russellianum by creating the genus Schlumbergera. However he kept the only other species of Schlumbergera known at the time in a different genus.[4] As another example, in 1923, Nathaniel Britton and Joseph Rose created the genus Hatiora. Of the species known at the time, they placed two in Hatiora (H. salicornioides and H. cylindrica); they left H. gaertneri in Schlumbergera where they had placed it in 1913; and they placed H. rosea in a new genus, Rhipsalidopsis.[5] According to Anderson,[3] the confusion among the Rhipsalideae was not clarified until work by Wilhelm Barthlott and Nigel Taylor in 1995.[6]
The genera included in the tribe as of December 2011 are:[1]
- Hatiora Britton & Rose – 6 species;[6] synonyms include Epiphyllopsis, Hariota DC non Andan., Rhipsalidopsis and Pseudozygocactus; it has been included in Rhipsalis [5]
- Lepismium Pfeiff. – 15 species; synonyms include Acanthorhipsalis, Lymanbensonia, Pfeiffera; it has been included in Rhipsalis [7]
- Rhipsalis Gaertn. – about 35 species; synonyms include Erythrorhipsalis;[8] most species in the tribe have been placed here at one time or another
- Schlumbergera Lem. – 6 species; synonyms include Epiphyllanthus, Epiphyllum Pfeiffer non. Haworth and Zygocactus [9]
References
- 1 2 3 Anderson 2001, p. 102
- ↑ Hogan, C. Michael & Dawson, Arthur (2012), "Cactus", in Cleveland, Cutler J., Encyclopedia of Earth, Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, retrieved 2012-01-29
- 1 2 Anderson 2001, p. 375
- ↑ McMillan, A.J.S.; Horobin, J.F. (1995), Christmas Cacti : The genus Schlumbergera and its hybrids (p/b ed.), Sherbourne, Dorset: David Hunt, ISBN 978-0-9517234-6-3, pp. 12–13
- 1 2 Anderson 2001, pp. 375–377
- 1 2 Barthlott, W. & Taylor, N.P. (1995), "Notes towards a monograph of Rhipsalidaeae (Cactaceae)", Bradleya, 13: 43–79
- ↑ Anderson 2001, pp. 386–391
- ↑ Anderson 2001, p. 612
- ↑ Anderson 2001, p. 623
Bibliography
- Anderson, Edward F. (2001), The Cactus Family, Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press, ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5