University education in Nazi Germany
This article discusses universities in the German Reich. April 8, 1933 - a memorandum to National Socialist Student Organizations proposed that culturally destructive books from public, state and university libraries be collected and burned. The Deutsche Studentenschaft (German Students' Association). In May 1933 books from university libraries, written by anti-National Socialist or Zionist Jew authors, were burned in squares, e.g. in Berlin, and the curricula were subsequently modified.Martin Heidegger became the rector of Freiburg University, where he delivered a number of National Socialist speeches, see Heidegger and National Socialism. On August 21, 1933 Heidegger established the Führer-principle at the university, later he was appointed Führer of Freiburg University.
Well-known expelled professors
- Albert Einstein
- Max Born
- Fritz Haber
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof
- Theodor W. Adorno
- Martin Buber
- Ernst Bloch
- Max Horkheimer
- Ernst Cassirer
- Herbert Marcuse
- Louis Hamilton
Austrian universities
University of Vienna was involved in National Socialism.Eduard Pernkopf, Rector 1943-1945, compiled the atlas, "Topographical Anatomy of the Human Being".Hans Sedlmayr, a declared National Socialist, led an art institute throughout the war.
Germanized universities
The first Reichsuniversität started to work in Prague, November 4, 1939.
The University of Poznań was closed by the German Occupation in 1939. It was reopened 1941 under the name of "Reichsuniversität Posen", as a "Grenzlanduniversität", aligned with the German occupation forces'ideology.Its faculty included SS-Hauptsturmführer Reinhard Wittram and SS-Untersturmführer Ernst Petersen, who was a professor of the Department of Prehistory for one year,and anatomist Hermann Voss It ceased operations in 1944.
The University of Strasbourg was transferred to Clermont-Ferrand in 1939 and Reichsuniversität Straßburg existed 1941–1944. As Dean of the Medical School, August Hirt constituted,National Socialist politics, anatomical institutions, and anatomists |author=Hildebrandt S. |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64328/1/20872_ftp.pdf}}</ref>
References
Sources
- When books burn
- Historiker im Nationalsozialismus... by Ingo Haar
- Strasbourg,Medicine
- Teresa Wróblewska: Die Reichsuniversitäten Posen, Prag und Strassburg als Modelle nationalsozialistischer Hochschulen in den von Deutschland besetzten Gebieten, Marszalek, Toruń 2000. ISBN 83-7174-674-1
“Louis Hamilton, a British academic and Canada specialist in Germany”, in William Keel (ed.), Yearbook of German-American Studies, 2008.