Rede Manchete

Rede Manchete

Type	Broadcast television network
Country	Brazil
Founded	5 June 1983 (1983-06-05) by Adolpho Bloch
Slogan	Você em primeiro lugar.
Parent	Grupo Bloch
Launch date	5 June 1983 (1983-06-05)
Dissolved	10 May 1999 (1999-05-10)
Replaced by	RedeTV!

Rede Manchete (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁedʒi mɐ̃ˈʃɛtʃi]; lit.: Headline Network; also known as TV Manchete or only Manchete) was a Brazilian television network founded in Rio de Janeiro city in 5 June 1983 by the Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and businessman Adolpho Bloch. The network remained on the air until 10 May 1999.^[1] It was part of Grupo Bloch, which published the magazine Manchete by Bloch Editores, its publishing division, being the name given to the television network refers to the magazine.^[2]

Initially planned to launch between September and November 1982,^[3] and then March 1983.^[4] On 5 June 1983,^[5] Manchete was launched with an Adolpho Bloch speech.^[6] With sophisticated equipment and seeking a upper class schedule,^[3] Manchete was known for its programming based on journalism, covering the world and Brazilian sport, with major sporting events. Telenovelas, series and miniseries from Manchete also made history in the Brazilian television dramaturgy. In addition to the own schedule, Manchete is remembered by the public for transmitting Japanese productions genres like tokusatsu and anime.

On the other hand, expensive investments led to network successive seizures. In 1985, with two years of existence, losses of Manchete were evident. The network entered its first financial crisis.^[7] Bloch, in 1988, wanted to sell the network and asked for US$350 million.^[8] In the 1990s, congressman Paulo Octávio made a proposal to Adolpho Bloch of the proposed purchase of TV Manchete for US$200 million. The Paulo Octávio partner was the businessman João Carlos Di Genio,^[9][10][11] but the sale was not made.^[12] Editora Abril also showed interest in the network.^[13] Then the IBF company took Manchete, but then had revoked its management justice. Adolpho Bloch took control of the network, with staff salaries six months late.^[6] Within four months, Bloch had brought staff pay back up to date.

But the cash effort continued reflecting on schedule.^[6] After Bloch's death in 1995, his nephew Pedro Jack Kapeller became president of Manchete.^[14] Manchete's financial troubles deepened after 1998 FIFA World Cup, when the network's income fell 40 percent. In late September, the network laid off 540 employees, as well as pay day wages of the remaining employees. In October, cut the production of almost all its news programs, including the telenovela Brida.^[15] The network came to stay off the air three times, the first due to an invasion of employees in the installed transmission tower in the São Paulo city.^[15] The network will be sold for a month for Reborn in Christ Church in January 1999, but in February of the same year, broke with the church alleging breach of contractual clauses. In May 1999, the partners Amilcare Dallevo e Marcelo de Carvalho bought the licenses of Manchete, moved the headquarters to Barueri, and changed the name to RedeTV!.^[16]

History

Early history

The successor network not only to Rede Tupi but to Rede Excelsior, two former Brazilian television networks, it was owned by Adolpho Bloch, Ukrainian naturalized Brazilian, founder of the publishing group called "Bloch Editores", from half of the defunct Rede Tupi (the other half became SBT in 1981). Its slogan in 1983 is the unofficial slogan "A Televisão do ano 2000" (The Television of the year 2000) and the official "A TV de 1ª Classe" (First Class Television). Its first broadcasts started on 7:00 P.M. of Sunday, 5 June 1983, and resulted in such a rating spike in Rio de Janeiro that it suddenly moved to second place.

In the beginning, the network broadcast various shows and operas, like TV Record in 60s, bringing the focus for the A and B Classes. In 1984, model and actress Xuxa presented the Clube da Criança program in 1984, beating sometimes TV Globo's morning show, Balão Magico. This was the year it began a rival coverage of the Brazilian Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, its most successful one.

By 1987, for the first time, Rede Manchete and Rede Globo jointly broadcast the Brazilian Carnival to all over the country. The next year however, the network was in a weak financial situation after just 5 years, but came out stronger.

The Pantanal phenomenon

1990 saw the launch of the telenovela Pantanal (named after the Pantanal wetlands on which it was set), which would beat the TV Globo telenovela Rainha da Sucata (Queen of the Junk) in popularity and score. The story mixes romance, very beautiful images of the Mato Grosso Pantanal and a bit of the supernatural. The plot centres around a son of a big farmer of Mato Grosso that comes to know his father for the first time, and also Juma, a wild lady that lives in a forest cabin and transforms herself in a jaguar when she's angry, with which he falls in love. Afterwards, Manchete continues making telenovelas, well known for their good image and content quality. They were exported to various countries, but never proved as successful as Pantanal or competing telenovelas from the Rede Globo.

Crisis

After various workers protests in 1992, and the death of Adolpho Bloch in 1995, Rede Manchete ceased their operations in May 1999. The final day on the air showed a segment with the network's logo flying over Brazil and then stopping on a building, and afterwards showing the logo with the "You In First Place" slogan for about a minute before permanently fading to black and showing static. Ironically, Manchete didn't reach the year 2000 (given their slogan used when the TV first launched), but was reformatted. The concession of the Channel 9 of Sao Paulo and the Channel 6 of Rio de Janeiro being acquired by the TeleTV Group and later created RedeTV! using part of old structure in November that year, under new management and leadership. The change would also be beneficial to Brazilian television as RedeTV! soon became the first national network to fully broadcast in high definition.

Slogans

1983

• A TV dos Anos 2000 (TV of the Year 2000, translated)
• TV de Primeira Classe (First Class TV, translated)

1990

• O Brasil passa na Manchete (Brazil passes on Manchete, translated)

1992

• Qualidade em Primeiro Lugar (Quality in First Place, translated)

1996

• Você em Primeiro Lugar (You in First Place, translated)

Telenovelas and series

1984

• Marquesa de Santos
• Viver a Vida
• Santa Marta Fabril

1985

• Tudo em Cima
• Tamanho Família
• Antônio Maria
• Joana

1986

• Dona Beija
• Novo Amor
• Tudo ou Nada
• Mania de Querer

1987

• Corpo Santo
• Helena
• Carmem
• A Rainha da Vida

1988

• Olho por Olho

1989

• Kananga do Japão

1990

• Pantanal
• Fronteiras do Desconhecido
• Escrava Anastácia
• O Canto das Sereias
• Mãe de Santo
• Rosa dos Rumos
• A História de Ana Raio e Zé Trovão

1991

• Filhos do Sol
• Ilha das Bruxas
• O Farol
• Na Rede de Intrigas
• Floradas na Serra
• O Guaraní
• O Fantasma da Ópera
• Amazônia

1992

• Amazônia – Parte II

1993

• Família Brasil
• Guerra sem Fim
• O Marajá (not aired)

1994

• Incrível, Fantástico, Extraordinário
• 74.5 – Uma Onda no Ar

1995

• Tocaia Grande

1996

• Xica da Silva

1997

• Mandacaru

1998

• Brida

References