Kryptonite

Kryptonite
Green Kryptonite; art by Gary Frank.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Radio: The Adventures of Superman (June 1943) Comics: Superman #61 (November 1949)
In story information
Type	Element
Element of stories featuring	Superman Superboy

Kryptonite is a material from the Superman fictional universe, specifically the ore form of a radioactive element (Pre-Crisis)^[1] or compound (Post-Crisis)^[2] from Superman's home planet of Krypton. First mentioned in The Adventures of Superman radio show in June 1943, the material has been featured in a variety of forms and colors (each with its own effect) in DC Comics publications and other media, including feature films, television series, and novelty items such as toys and trading card sets.

Superman and other Kryptonian characters are susceptible to its radiation. The familiarity of Superman's vulnerability to Kryptonite has led to usage of the term in popular culture as a generic term to refer to an individual's weakness,^[3] similar to "Achilles' heel".

In the Modern Age, it is established that it can also affect non-Kryptonians at a much slower rate, causing people to develop acute radiation syndrome or superhuman abilities.

Origin

Action Comics Annual #10 (March 2007).
Art by Art Adams and Alex Sinclair.

An unpublished 1940 story titled "The K-Metal from Krypton", which Superman creator Jerry Siegel himself wrote, featured a prototype of kryptonite, a mineral from the planet Krypton that drained Superman of his strength while giving humans superhuman powers.^[4]

A mineral actually named "kryptonite" was introduced in the story arc "The Meteor from Krypton" in June 1943 on The Adventures of Superman radio series. Since radio shows had to be performed live, when Clayton "Bud" Collyer, the actor who played Superman and Clark Kent, wanted to take a vacation from the series, Superman was placed in a kryptonite trap, and a stand-in groaned with pain for several episodes until Collyer came back from his vacation.

In 1949, kryptonite was incorporated into the comic mythos with issue #61 of Superman. In August 1993, pioneering female editor Dorothy Woolfolk stated in an interview with Florida newspaper Today that she had found Superman's invulnerability dull, and that DC's flagship hero might be more interesting with an Achilles' heel such as adverse reactions to a fragment of his home planet.^[5]

Kryptonite gradually appeared more frequently, causing science fiction writer Larry Niven to theorize in tongue-in-cheek fashion that Krypton was in fact a Dyson sphere or a cold neutron star, and that this was the underlying reason for so much of the mineral finding its way to Earth courtesy of meteor showers.^[6] In an effort to reduce the use of kryptonite in storylines, all known forms on Earth were transmuted into "k-iron" in a 1971 story arc^[7] titled "The Sandman Saga".^[8]

Forms, colors and their effects

Various forms of the fictional mineral have been created in the Superman publications:

Superman and Jimmy Olsen discuss the mineral kryptonite, with the jewel variant making its debut in Action Comics #310 (March 1964).
Art by Curt Swan.

Other varieties of the mineral have appeared but have been revealed to be hoaxes, such as yellow (Action Comics #277, June 1961), "kryptonite plus" (Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen #126 Jan. 1970) and "blood" (52 #13, Aug. 2006).

In other media

Serials

Columbia Pictures produced two 15-part motion picture serials that used kryptonite as a plot device: Superman (1948) and Atom Man vs. Superman (1950).

Films

• Superman: The Movie (1978): Lex Luthor (Gene Hackman) deduces that a meteorite found in Addis Ababa is actually a radioactive piece of the exploded planet Krypton. Luthor uses the mineral to weaken Superman (Christopher Reeve), who is saved by Luthor's lover Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine).
• Superman III (1983): billionaire Ross Webster (Robert Vaughn) orders the creation of synthetic kryptonite. Computer programmer Gus Gorman (Richard Pryor) uses tar to compensate for an unknown component of kryptonite, causing the newly created mineral to eventually turn Superman evil and split the hero into two beings. Gorman's "super computer" later fights Superman and uses a kryptonite ray.
• Superman Returns (2006): Lex Luthor (Kevin Spacey) steals the Addis Ababa L9 Pallasite Meteorite and uses it to create a new kryptonite landmass and a dagger for use against Superman.
• Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths (2010): an alternate universe version of Lex Luthor uses blue kryptonite against the villain Ultraman.
• Justice League: Doom (2012): the villain Metallo wounds Superman with a kryptonite bullet, but he is saved by the JLA.
• Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016): Kryptonite is discovered by men working for Lex Luthor (Jesse Eisenberg) at the bottom of the Indian Ocean and experimented with by Luthor, who learns of its harmful effect on Kryptonians when the corpse of General Zod is exposed to it. Kryptonite is stolen from Luthor by Batman (Ben Affleck), who uses it to create kryptonite gas pellets and a kryptonite-tipped spear, both of which he later uses in a battle with Superman. Doomsday is also shown to be weakened by kryptonite, allowing Superman to use the spear to kill him in the film's climax.^[15]

Television

• The Adventures of Superman (1952-1958) episodes "Panic in the Sky", "The Defeat of Superman" (both 1953), "Superman Week", "The Deadly Rock" (both 1955), "The Magic Secret", "The Gentle Monster", and "All That Glitters" (all 1958) all feature kryptonite.
• Superboy (1988-1992) featured green kryptonite the episodes "Kryptonite Kills" and "Metallo" (both 1989), "Bride of Bizarro" (1990), "Kryptonite Kid" (1991), and "Obituary for a Super-Hero" (1992); red in "Super Menace" (1990) and a Bizarro White variant in "The Battle With Bizarro" (1989), which heals the title character.
• Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993-1997) featured green kryptonite in several episodes, including "The Green, Green Glow of Home", "Barbarians at the Planet", "The House of Luthor" (all 1993) "Metallo" (1994), "Top Copy" (1995), and "Battleground Earth" (1996), with the red variety appearing in "Individual Responsibility", "Ultrawoman" (both 1995), and "Lethal Weapon" (1997).
• Smallville (2001-2011) featured kryptonite on a regular basis: a large quantity of the green variety descends to Earth in meteor shower, arriving in the town of Smallville, Kansas with the spaceship containing the infant Kal-El. The mineral is colloquially referred to by Smallville residents as "meteor rock", but is eventually called "kryptonite" by Clark Kent once he discovers his origins ("Rosetta", Season 2, 2003). Aside from being harmful to Clark Kent, the mineral produces bizarre changes in flora and fauna, including occasionally bestowing metahuman abilities on humans depending on the circumstances of their exposure to it, such as a girl treated for a rare bone disease acquiring shapeshifting powers. These people are commonly known by the inhabitants of Smallville as "Meteor Freaks". The green variety of the mineral appears in several episodes every season, although other varieties appear, including red ("Red": 2002. "Exodus", "Exile", "Phoenix" : 2003, "Unsafe": 2005, "Crimson": 2007, "Upgrade": 2010), black, formed when superheating green kryptonite ("Crusade": 2004, "Doomsday": 2009), silver ("Splinter": 2005), blue ("Blue": 2007, "Persona": 2008, "Kandor": 2009, "Salvation": 2010, "Harvest": 2011), gem ("Persuasion": 2010) and gold ("Prophecy", "Finale": 2011). Smallville was the first appearance of a Black kryptonite that would split a person into their Good and Evil halves, before later being brought into the comic canon in Supergirl #2 (vol. 5, Oct. 2005), though the concept of being split into good and evil personas had been previously used.
• Supergirl (2015–present): in the series' pilot, Kara is shot down by a low-level green kryptonite tranquilizer made by the Department of Extra-Normal Operations (DEO), and is placed on a gurney with green kryptonite handcuffs. In "Stronger Together", a room with low level kryptonite radiation is used to train Supergirl in fighting without her power. Later, Hank Henshaw (J'onn J'onzz) uses a kryptonite knife on Astra Zor-El. When Astra brings the knife to a scientist, he is unable to determine its origin, only stating it is not from Earth and that it emits specific radiation damaging to Kryptonian cells, which suggests Kryptonian experience with the substance was limited or none before their planet's destruction. By the episode "Hostile Takeover", the Kryptonians have managed to develop a wearable device blocking the radiation. The DEO was shown to use kryptonite radiation guns in addition to the darts. In the episode "Bizarro", the DEO attempts to use kryptonite bullets on the titular character, but it only serves to disfigure and apparently strengthen her. However, the DEO manages to synthesize a substance with reversed ionic charge and opposite properties (blue kryptonite) which proves effective in taking Bizarro down. In the episode "For the Girl Who Has Everything", the DEO once again use green kryptonite to battle the evil Kryptonians, with Alex using a kryptonite sword to kill Astra. The red variety appears in the episode "Falling", as a failed attempt to recreate green kryptonite by Maxwell Lord. After an accidental exposure, Supergirl first merely became uninhibited, much like the effects in Smallville, but later, became outright violent and paranoid. The effects seemed permanent until she was shot by a device developed by Lord for the purpose.

The Season 2 episode "The Adventures of Supergirl" reveals that the D.E.O discovered kryptonite and J'onn named it. Superman had stopped working with the DEO after discovering they had a kryptonite stockpile, since he disagreed with their keeping the material as a contingency against his or Supergirl going rogue. J'onn J'onzz eventually turns over the DEO's kryptonite supply to Superman as a gesture of goodwill, and Superman takes it away for disposal. However, Superman's archenemy, Lex Luthor, and his family have their own kryptonite supply. Queen Rhea of Daxam, Krypton's neighboring planet, states that different varieties of kryptonite rained down on her planet when Krypton exploded, and the surviving Daxamites have stores of them. Rhea uses a green kryptonite dagger to attempt to kill Supergirl in "Distant Sun", and employs silver kryptonite on Superman in "Nevertheless, She Persisted", causing him to hallucinate that Kara is General Zod and attack her. Rhea's body is later shown to be internally suffused with green kryptonite, so that when she bleeds, it becomes exposed and can affect Kryptonians with its deadly radiation.

Animated series

• The Brady Kids (1972-1973) "Cindy's Super Friend" shows Clark Kent attempting to become Superman in the Kids' clubhouse, only to be incapacitated by a piece of green kryptonite as part of a rock collection. Cindy obligingly removes it, allowing Clark to switch identities.
• Super Friends (1973-1986) features kryptonite in the episodes "Superfriends: Rest in Peace" ("Krypton Steel"); "Darkseid's Golden Trap" (gold); "Terror From the Phantom Zone" (blue, green, and red); "Return of the Phantoms" (green); "Rokan: Enemy from Space" (green); "Bazarowurld" (red and blue); "Revenge of Bizarro" (red and blue); Will the world Collide?" (green); "Uncle Mxyzptlk" (red); "The Death of Superman" (green); "Batman: Dead or Alive" (green).
• Superman (1988) features a kryptonite ring, worn by Lex Luthor.
• Superman: The Animated Series (1996-2000) attempts an explanation of the effect of the material on Superman. This series and The New Batman Adventures (1997-1999) showcase a three-part crossover story arc called World's Finest that demonstrates the effect of kryptonite poisoning on humans.
• Justice League (2001-2004) explores the same theme.
• In Batman Beyond (1999-2001) the two-part episode "The Call" reveals kryptonite has been kept safe in the distant future as a deterrent against Superman due to hero's past as a rogue agent under Darkseid's mind manipulation.
• Krypto the Superdog (2005-2006) features green, red and even a purple-spotted variation.
• Legion of Super Heroes (2006-2008) features green, while the Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2008-2011) episode "The Battle of the Superheroes" features both red and green.
• The Young Justice (2010-2013) episode "Auld Acquaintance" features use of the green variety.
• In Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Battle of the Superheroes!", Superman is infected with a red kryptonite necklace secretly given to Lois Lane by Lex Luthor which causes Superman to become evil. Now Batman must work with Krypto the Superdog to hold off Superman until the effects of the red kryptonite wear off.

Video games

• Superman: Atari 2600 (1978): Luthor has created kryptonite satellites and scattered them around Metropolis that take away Superman's ability to fly when touched. Superman must then walk around Metropolis until he finds and meets Lois Lane, to regain his power.
• Superman 64 (1999): appears as kryptonite fog, coined as an excuse for the game's poor draw distance.
• Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes (2012): kryptonite is used to power Lex Luthor's weapon the "Deconstructor".
• Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure (2013) showcases the material in different forms.
• Kryptonite is one of the foundation elements in Lego Dimensions.
• Injustice: Gods Among Us (2013) features a kryptonite laser designed as a failsafe against Superman should he go against humanity. In the alternate timeline, it was created by Batman, but he sealed it in the Batcave and programmed it to only be accessible when he was accompanied by four other members of the Justice League- Green Lantern, Wonder Woman, Green Arrow and Aquaman - to ensure that he couldn't make the decision to kill Superman himself, requiring him to bring in the heroes of an alternate universe to help him when Green Arrow was killed and the other three joined Superman's team. Although Lex Luthor attempts to deploy the laser against Superman, who is returning from low orbit, Shazam (who is another of Superman's allies) prevents him from firing before Lex is killed by Superman.
• Gold and green kryptonite appear in the story mode of Injustice 2. Firestorm creates a gold kryptonite knife for Batman to fight against Superman, and Batman reveals this in the final battle after Brainiac is defeated and Superman prepares to kill Brainiac. Batman manages to get several swipes off Superman, temporarily depowering him before Superman knocks the knife out of his hand. Wonder Woman (still allied with Superman) then recovers the knife and it is not seen again. Green kryptonite is not explicitly mentioned by name, although several of Batman's costume pieces feature luminous green lighting, and one of his moves features a punch with a green crystalline substance that shatters afterward, both heavily implied to be green kryptonite.

Music

Songs:

• "Kryptonite" by 3 Doors Down (2000).^[16]
• "Kryptonite (I'm on It)" by rap group Purple Ribbon All-Stars (2006).^[17]
• "Fashion Is My Kryptonite" by Bella Thorne and Zendaya (2012).
• "Ready or Not" by Bridgit Mendler (2012).
• "Shut Up and Dance" by Walk the Moon (2014).
• "Get Your Cape On" by Jordyn Kane (2015).
• Pocket Full of Kryptonite, a 1991 album by Spin Doctors.^[18] The album's title is drawn from a line in the song "Jimmy Olsen's Blues", which is featured on the album.
• In the title track for his album Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof, Travis Tritt sings about picking a fight when he feel's like Superman "only to find my opponent is holding Kryptonite".
• The Genesis song The Carpet Crawlers mentions kryptonite: "Mild-mannered supermen are held in kryptonite…"

In real life

The mining group Rio Tinto found an unusual specimen in a mine near Jadar in Serbia, which minerologist Chris Stanley identified as sodium lithium boron silicate hydroxide, an almost inert, white, mostly harmless substance that nevertheless fluoresces a pinkish-orange when exposed to ultraviolet light.^[19] Since "kriptonite" already existed as a fictional name, the specimen was called "Jadarite" in honor of the place where it was first found.^[20]

References

External links

Look up Appendix:DC Comics/Kryptonite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• The Superman Homepage's section on kryptonite
• Howstuffworks.com: "How Kryptonite Works"