Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4

CHRM4

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
5DSG

Identifiers

Aliases

CHRM4, HM4, M4R, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4

External IDs

MGI: 88399 HomoloGene: 20192 GeneCards: CHRM4

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)^[1]

Band	No data available	Start	46,385,098 bp^[1]
Band	No data available	End	46,386,608 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)^[2]

Band	No data available	Start	91,927,249 bp^[2]
Band	No data available	End	91,928,688 bp^[2]

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • signal transducer activity • G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane • postsynaptic membrane • membrane • plasma membrane • synapse • integral component of plasma membrane • cell junction
Biological process	• G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • regulation of locomotion • synaptic transmission, cholinergic • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • cell proliferation • signal transduction
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


1132


12672

Ensembl


ENSG00000180720


ENSMUSG00000040495

UniProt


P08173


P32211

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_000741


NM_007699

RefSeq (protein)


NP_000732


NP_031725

Location (UCSC)

Chr 11: 46.39 – 46.39 Mb

Chr 11: 91.93 – 91.93 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M₄, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHRM4 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

M₄ muscarinic receptors are coupled to G_i/o heterotrimeric proteins.^[7]

They function as inhibitory autoreceptors for acetylcholine. Activation of M₄ receptors inhibits acetylcholine release in the striatum. The M₂ subtype of acetylcholine receptor functions similarly as an inhibitory autoreceptor to acetylcholine release, albeit functioning actively primarily in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors possess a regulatory effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Activation of M₄ receptors in the striatum inhibit D₁-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. M₄ receptor-deficient mice exhibit increased locomotor simulation in response to D₁ agonists, amphetamine and cocaine.^[8]^[9]^[10] Neurotransmission in the striatum influences extrapyramidal motor control, thus alterations in M₄ activity may contribute to conditions such as Parkinson's Disease.^[11]^[12]^[13]

Ligands

Orthosteric agonists

VU-0152100

Positive allosteric modulators

LY-2033298 ^[14]
VU-0152100 (ML-108) ^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]
VU-0152099 ^[15]

Antagonists

AFDX-384 (mixed M2/M4 antagonist, N-[2-[2-[(Dipropylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine-11-carboxamide, CAS# 118290-27-0)
Dicycloverine^[21]
Himbacine
Mamba toxin 3^[22]
PD-102,807 (3,6a,11,14-Tetrahydro-9-methoxy-2-methyl-(12H)-isoquino[1,2-b]pyrrolo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, CAS# 23062-91-1)
PD-0298029
Tropicamide - moderate selectivity over other muscarinic subtypes (2-5x approx)^[23]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180720 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040495 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Entrez Gene: CHRM4 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4".
↑ Grewal RP, Martinez M, Hoehe M, Bonner TI, Gershon ES, Detera-Wadleigh S (May 1992). "Genetic linkage mapping of the m4 human muscarinic receptor (CHRM4)". Genomics. 13 (1): 239–40. PMID 1577490. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90236-L.
↑ Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (2011). "Inactive-state preassembly of G(q)-coupled receptors and G(q) heterotrimers". Nat. Chem. Biol. 7 (10): 740–7. PMC 3177959 . PMID 21873996. doi:10.1038/nchembio.642.
↑ Gomeza J, Zhang L, Kostenis E, Felder C, Bymaster F, Brodkin J, Shannon H, Xia B, Deng C, Wess J (August 1999). "Enhancement of D1 dopamine receptor-mediated locomotor stimulation in M(4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (18): 10483–8. PMC 17915 . PMID 10468635. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10483.
↑ Jeon J, Dencker D, Wörtwein G, Woldbye DP, Cui Y, Davis AA, Levey AI, Schütz G, Sager TN, Mørk A, Li C, Deng CX, Fink-Jensen A, Wess J (February 2010). "A subpopulation of neuronal M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors plays a critical role in modulating dopamine-dependent behaviors". J. Neurosci. 30 (6): 2396–405. PMC 2824442 . PMID 20147565. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3843-09.2010.
↑ Schmidt LS, Thomsen M, Weikop P, Dencker D, Wess J, Woldbye DP, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A (2011). "Increased cocaine self-administration in M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice". Psychopharmacology. 216 (3): 367–378. PMID 21373792. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2225-4.
↑ Langmead CJ, Watson J, Reavill C (February 2008). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 117 (2): 232–43. PMID 18082893. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.009.
↑ Stein IS, Hell JW (June 2010). "CaMKII hunkers down on the muscarinic M4 receptor to help curb cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion". The EMBO Journal. 29 (12): 1943–5. PMC 2892364 . PMID 20551968. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.105.
↑ Guo ML, Mao LM, Wang JQ (December 2010). "Modulation of M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by interacting proteins". Neuroscience Bulletin. 26 (6): 469–73. PMC 3139403 . PMID 21113197. doi:10.1007/s12264-010-0933-0.
↑ Chan WY, McKinzie DL, Bose S, Mitchell SN, Witkin JM, Thompson RC, Christopoulos A, Lazareno S, Birdsall NJ, Bymaster FP, Felder CC (2008). "Allosteric modulation of the muscarinic M4 receptor as an approach to treating schizophrenia". PNAS. 105 (31): 10978–83. PMC 2495016 . PMID 18678919. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800567105.
1 2 Brady AE, Jones CK, Bridges TM, Kennedy JP, Thompson AD, Heiman JU, Breininger ML, Gentry PR, Yin H, Jadhav SB, Shirey JK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW (2008). "Centrally active allosteric potentiators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor reverse amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activity in rats". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 327 (3): 941–53. PMC 2745822 . PMID 18772318. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.140350.
↑ Dencker D, Weikop P, Sørensen G, et al. (2012). "An allosteric enhancer of M₄ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function inhibits behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine". Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 224 (2): 277–87. PMC 3914671 . PMID 22648127. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2751-8.
↑ Byun NE, Grannan M, Bubser M, et al. (2014). "Antipsychotic drug-like effects of the selective M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator VU0152100". Neuropsychopharmacology. 39 (7): 1578–93. PMC 4023154 . PMID 24442096. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.2.
↑ Galloway CR, Lebois EP, Shagarabi SL, Hernandez NA, Manns JR (2014). "Effects of selective activation of M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors on object recognition memory performance in rats". Pharmacology. 93 (1–2): 57–64. PMID 24480931. doi:10.1159/000357682.
↑ Pancani T, Bolarinwa C, Smith Y, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Xiang Z (2014). "M4 mAChR-mediated modulation of glutamatergic transmission at corticostriatal synapses". ACS Chem Neurosci. 5 (4): 318–24. PMC 3990947 . PMID 24528004. doi:10.1021/cn500003z.
↑ Huynh T, Valant C, Crosby IT, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Capuano B (2013). "Probing structural requirements of positive allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic receptor". J. Med. Chem. 56 (20): 8196–200. PMID 24074052. doi:10.1021/jm401032k.
↑ Teaktong T, Piggott MA, Mckeith IG, Perry RH, Ballard CG, Perry EK (June 2005). "Muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors in anterior cingulate cortex: relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies". Behavioural Brain Research. 161 (2): 299–305. PMID 15922057. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.02.019.
↑ http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P81031
↑ Lazareno S, Buckley NJ, Roberts FF (December 1990). "Characterization of muscarinic M4 binding sites in rabbit lung, chicken heart, and NG108-15 cells". Molecular Pharmacology. 38 (6): 805–15. PMID 2250662.

Goyal RK (1989). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications". N. Engl. J. Med. 321 (15): 1022–9. PMID 2674717. doi:10.1056/NEJM198910123211506.
Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, Hill-Eubanks D, Jones SV (1993). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function". Prog. Brain Res. 98: 121–7. PMID 8248499. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62388-2.
Grewal RP, Martinez M, Hoehe M, Bonner TI, Gershon ES, Detera-Wadleigh S (1992). "Genetic linkage mapping of the m4 human muscarinic receptor (CHRM4)". Genomics. 13 (1): 239–40. PMID 1577490. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90236-L.
Detera-Wadleigh SD, Wiesch D, Bonner TI (1989). "An SstI polymorphism for the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene, m4 (CHRM 4).". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (15): 6431. PMC 318330 . PMID 2570410. doi:10.1093/nar/17.15.6431.
Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1989). "Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes.". Nature. 340 (6229): 146–50. PMID 2739737. doi:10.1038/340146a0.
Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR (1987). "Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes.". Science. 237 (4814): 527–32. PMID 3037705. doi:10.1126/science.3037705.
Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ (1990). "Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes.". Neuron. 1 (5): 403–10. PMID 3272174. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90190-0.
Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, Smith DH, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1988). "Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.". EMBO J. 6 (13): 3923–9. PMC 553870 . PMID 3443095.
van Koppen CJ, Lenz W, Nathanson NM (1993). "Isolation, sequence and functional expression of the mouse m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1173 (3): 342–4. PMID 7916637. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90135-z.
Haga K, Kameyama K, Haga T, Kikkawa U, Shiozaki K, Uchiyama H (1996). "Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (5): 2776–82. PMID 8576254. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.5.2776.
von der Kammer H, Mayhaus M, Albrecht C, Enderich J, Wegner M, Nitsch RM (1998). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate expression of the EGR gene family of transcription factors.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (23): 14538–44. PMID 9603968. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.23.14538.
Oldenhof J, Vickery R, Anafi M, Oak J, Ray A, Schoots O, Pawson T, von Zastrow M, Van Tol HH (1998). "SH3 binding domains in the dopamine D4 receptor.". Biochemistry. 37 (45): 15726–36. PMID 9843378. doi:10.1021/bi981634+.
Sato KZ, Fujii T, Watanabe Y, Yamada S, Ando T, Kazuko F, Kawashima K (1999). "Diversity of mRNA expression for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and leukemic cell lines.". Neurosci. Lett. 266 (1): 17–20. PMID 10336173. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00259-1.
Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ (2000). "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. PMC 16267 . PMID 10737800. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491.
Wang H, Han H, Zhang L, Shi H, Schram G, Nattel S, Wang Z (2001). "Expression of multiple subtypes of muscarinic receptors and cellular distribution in the human heart.". Mol. Pharmacol. 59 (5): 1029–36. PMID 11306684.
Buchli R, Ndoye A, Arredondo J, Webber RJ, Grando SA (2002). "Identification and characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes expressed in human skin melanocytes.". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 228 (1–2): 57–72. PMID 11855742. doi:10.1023/A:1013368509855.
McClatchy DB, Knudsen CR, Clark BF, Kahn RA, Hall RA, Levey AI (2002). "Novel interaction between the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and elongation factor 1A2". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (32): 29268–74. PMID 12048193. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203081200.
Dean B, McLeod M, Keriakous D, McKenzie J, Scarr E (2003). "Decreased muscarinic1 receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry. 7 (10): 1083–91. PMID 12476323. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001199.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein–coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a)
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor)
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABAB (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

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