Rancho Los Alamitos

Rancho Los Alamitos

The exterior house at Rancho Los Alamitos, circa July 2008.
Location 6400 Bixby Hill Rd., Long Beach, California
Coordinates 33°46′36″N 118°6′25″W / 33.77667°N 118.10694°W / 33.77667; -118.10694Coordinates: 33°46′36″N 118°6′25″W / 33.77667°N 118.10694°W / 33.77667; -118.10694
Area 7.4 acres (3.0 ha)
Built between 1800 and 1834
Architect unknown
Architectural style Spanish Colonial
NRHP Reference # 81000153[1]
Added to NRHP July 7, 1981

Rancho Los Alamitos takes its name from a Mexican land grant in southwestern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County, California. Los Alamitos means the Little Cottonwoods or Poplars in Spanish, after the native Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees there.

Rancho Los Alamitos originally included much of present-day eastern Long Beach and all of the Orange County cities/communities of Los Alamitos and Rossmoor and most of Seal Beach, Cypress, Stanton and Garden Grove in Southern California.[2] It is also sometimes referred to as Bixby Ranch, after its last private owners. The early 19th century adobe ranch house, still stands today, housing a museum which presents the history of the area.

History

The history of the 85,000-acre (340 km2) Rancho Los Alamitos is almost a microcosm for the history of expansion throughout Southern California, from the Native Americana cultures to contemporary times.[3] The area was first the location of the major circa 500 C.E. - 1780s Tongva—Gabrieliño sacred ceremonial and trading village of Povuu'nga, now an archeological site.[4] After Spanish occupation the ownership was to change and the boundaries would shrink many times. Situated in the floodplain between the mouths of the ever-shifting Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Santa Ana Rivers, the coastal plain terrain of the rancho is virtually flat rich soil, and was subject to frequent flooding. The rancho building itself is located near Puvunga springs alongside on one of the few small hills, Alamitos Mesa, in the area.

Rancho Los Alamitos was one of five ranchos that resulted from the partition of the original Rancho Los Nietos grant given to Manuel Nieto, a former sergeant in the Spanish army, in 1784 by governor Pedro Fages, coincidentally his former commander.[5] Nieto's grant was not only one of the first three awarded by the Spanish in Alta California, it was also the largest. After Nieto died, his children requested his original grant be partitioned. In 1834, Mexican governor José Figueroa officially declared Rancho Los Alamitos as one of the five partitions.

In 1844 the rancho was purchased by Abel Stearns, a Massachusetts native who typified the many Yankees who settled in California and merged with the ruling Mexican Californios population. Stearns, who married Arcadia Bandini, the daughter of the early Spanish regional civic and business leader Juan Bandini, became one of the leading merchants and major ranchos owners in Mexican Alta California.

The rancho was on the periphery of the battles that settled the California Campaign of the Mexican-American War by 1846. During the California Gold Rush, the rancho supplied much of the beef that would be herded north to feed the growing number of Immigrants who were flocking to the gold fields of Northern California from 1848 on. After California became a U.S. state in 1850, Rancho Los Alamitos was the headquarters of the largest cattle ranch then in existence in the United States. Through shrewd business dealings, Stearns assumed control of Los Alamitos and many other surrounding ranchos.

After a disastrous drought in the 1860s, Stearns lost control of the ranch which was then sub-let to a number of farmers until the early 1880s when John Bixby, a cousin of Jotham Bixby and Llewellyn Bixby who controlled the adjacent Rancho Los Cerritos, bought the rancho along with a group which included his cousins and Isaias Hellman, the founder of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Los Angeles.

Trying to capitalize on the 1880s Southern California land boom, John Bixby developed the townsite of Alamitos Beach, which would eventually be assumed by Long Beach. Before Bixby, could do much more, he died suddenly in 1888, apparently an appendicitis attack, and Rancho Los Alamitos was separated between the three major parties—The developed Alamitos Beach properties were shared equally, while of the rest of the rancho, John Bixby's heirs kept the central section, the Bixby cousins from Rancho Los Cerritos assumed control of the northern portion of the rancho, and Hellman took control of the southern lands around present day Seal Beach. Unfortunately, a financial crisis prevented the various parties from seriously pursuing John Bixby's dream of developing Alamitos Beach.

The Bixbys had once flirted with sugar beet production on their Northern California properties. Now in the still financially struggling 1890s, Jotham Bixby arranged to provide land for sugar beet production and recruited the capital of William Clark, who was amongst the richest men in the United States then, from his ownership of Montana copper and Arizona silver mines and of power companies and railroads, to build a sugar beet refinery plant on a portion of the Bixby Ranch property. Later oil discoveries from the Long Beach Oil Field funded the rancho.

The historic ranch house, surrounding ranching facilities, and some open landscape of Rancho Los Alamitos can still be found adjacent to Cal State Long Beach.[6] The Bixby family descendants donated the property to the City of Long Beach in 1967.[7]

Historic sites of the Rancho

The early 19th century adobe ranch house still stands today with its historic gardens by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Florence Yoch & Lucile Council,[8] are on the National Register of Historic Places, and open to the public. The Rancho Los Alamitos house and grounds are a museum which presents the history of the rancho era, the country house era, and the region.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Rancho Los Alamitos
  3. ↑ "Ownership and Occupancy". Rancho Los Alamitos. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  4. ↑ "History of the Site". Rancho Los Alamitos. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  5. ↑ "Spanish and Mexican Ranchos of Orange County" (PDF). Ocrecorder.com. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  6. ↑ "The Ranch House". Rancho Los Alamitos. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  7. ↑ Payne, Niki (February 13, 2009). "Rancho a Hidden Gem". Beachcomber. p. 7.
  8. ↑ "Rancho Los Alamitos". Rancho Los Alamitos. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  9. ↑ "Rancho Los Alamitos". Rancho Los Alamitos. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
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