Gonystylus
| Gonystylus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus: | Gonystylus Teijsmann & Binnendijk |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Gonystylus, also known as ramin, is a southeast Asian genus of about 30 species of hardwood trees native to Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, with the highest species diversity on Borneo. Other names include melawis (Malay) and ramin telur (Sarawak). It is related to Arnhemia, Deltaria, Lethedon and Solmsia.[1]
Description
Ramin is a medium-sized tree, attaining a height of about 24 m (80 ft) with a straight, clear (branch-free), unbuttressed bole about 18 m (60 ft) long and 60 cm (2 ft) in diameter. The trees are slow-growing, occurring mainly in swamp forests.
Species
As of February 2014 The Plant List recognises 32 accepted species:[2]
- Gonystylus acuminatus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus affinis Radlk.
- Gonystylus areolatus Domke ex Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus augescens Ridl.
- Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz
- Gonystylus borneensis (Tiegh.) Gilg
- Gonystylus brunnescens Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus calophylloides Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus calophyllus Gilg
- Gonystylus confusus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus consanguineus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus costalis Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus decipiens Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus eximius Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus forbesii Gilg
- Gonystylus glaucescens Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus keithii Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus lucidulus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus macrocarpus C.T.White
- Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus maingayi Hook.f.
- Gonystylus micranthus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus nervosus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus nobilis Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus othmanii Tawan
- Gonystylus pendulus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus punctatus A.C.Sm.
- Gonystylus reticulatus (Elmer) Merr.
- Gonystylus spectabilis Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus stenosepalus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus velutinus Airy Shaw
- Gonystylus xylocarpus Airy Shaw
Uses
The white wood, harder and lighter in colour than many other hardwoods, is often used in children's furniture, in window blinds, and for making dowels. However, over-exploitation has led to all species of ramin being listed as endangered species,[3] particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. An estimated 90% of ramin in recent international trade is illegally logged.
Ramin wood has significant commercial value and is used to make products such as furniture, toys, broom handles, blinds, dowels and decorative mouldings. [4]
Sumatra
Sumatra’s peat swamp forests are important habitat for ramin trees. The Sumatran ramin tree species are CITES protected species. The logging and trade in ramin has been illegal in Indonesia since 2001. Internationally, any illegal trade in Indonesian ramin is prohibited under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Indonesian government maps show that 800,000ha (28%) of Sumatra’s peat swamp forest was cleared between 2003 and 2009. Some 22% of this clearance was in areas currently allocated to APP’s log suppliers.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ Beaumont, A. J., T. J. Edwards, J. Manning, O. Maurin, M. Rautenbach, M. C. Motsi, M. F. Fay, M. W. Chase, and M. Van Der Bank. (2009) Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae) Is Not Monophyletic: Taxonomic Implications for Thymelaeoideae and a Partial New Generic Taxonomy for Gnidia.” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (4): 402–17.
- ↑ "Chisocheton". The Plant List. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ "Ramin". Kew, England: Royal Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Asia Pulp & Paper Under Investigation - Part 2 Greenpeace March 1, 2012
- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Greenpeace March 1, 2012
External links
- Species Survival Network factsheet (pdf file)
- CITES