Rachel Scott

Rachel Scott

Scott in 1997
Born Rachel Joy Scott
(1981-08-05)August 5, 1981
Denver, Colorado
Died April 20, 1999(1999-04-20) (aged 17)
Littleton, Colorado
Cause of death Gunshot wounds to the head and torso[1]
Resting place Columbine Memorial Gardens at
Chapel Hill Cemetery, Littleton, Colorado, United States
39°35′56.00″N 104°56′43.01″W / 39.5988889°N 104.9452806°W / 39.5988889; -104.9452806Coordinates: 39°35′56.00″N 104°56′43.01″W / 39.5988889°N 104.9452806°W / 39.5988889; -104.9452806
Occupation Student
Website

Rachel Joy Scott (August 5, 1981–April 20, 1999) was an American student and the first murder victim of the Columbine High School massacre, in which 11 other students and a teacher were also murdered before both perpetrators committed suicide.

She has since been the subject of several books and is the inspiration for Rachel's Challenge, an international[2][3] school outreach program and the most popular school assembly program in America.[4] Its aim is to advocate Scott's belief, based on her life, her journals, and the contents of a two-page essay penned just a month before her murder entitled My Ethics; My Codes of Life[5] which advocates her belief in compassion being "the greatest form of love humans have to offer".[6]

Owing to the fact both Scott and Anne Frank died at a young age through the hatred of others,[7] and that both girls had written of their wishes to change the world for the better through the simple acts of love and kindness,[8] parallels have been drawn by her uncle, among others, between the journals she wrote in her short lifespan and Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl.[9]

Early life

Childhood

Rachel Joy Scott was born on August 5, 1981, in Denver, Colorado. She was the third of five children born to Darrell Scott and Beth Nimmo. Scott's entire family are devout Christians.[10] Her father was a pastor at a church in Lakewood, Colorado, and worked as a sales manager for a Denver-based food company; her mother was a homemaker. Rachel's parents divorced in 1988, but maintained a cordial relationship,[11] and held joint custody of their children.[12][13] The following year, Beth and her children relocated to Littleton, Colorado, where she remarried in 1995.[11]

As a child, Scott was an energetic, sociable girl, who displayed concern for the well-being of others—particularly if they were downcast or otherwise in need.[14] She also developed a passion for photography and poetry at an early age. Rachel attended Dutch Creek Elementary School, and then Ken Caryl Middle School, before enrolling in Columbine High School in her ninth-grade year. At Columbine, she was an attentive, above-average student who displayed a flair for music, acting, drama, and debate. She was a member of the school's forensics and drama clubs,[15] although initially, acting did not come easily to her, and she had to devote extra effort to succeed in this activity.[16]

Coincidentally, because of her involvement in the school theater production club, she became acquainted with Dylan Klebold—one of the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre—in 1998.[17] Initially, Scott had offered her friendship to Klebold, who reportedly became privately infatuated with her.[18]

Adolescence

In a March 1993 visit to the church her aunt and uncle attended in Shreveport, Louisiana, Scott, then 11, chose to commit herself to Christianity.[19] Thereafter, she was known among her family and friends as very devout, pious girl, and conveyed her love of the Lord and His Son to the people she knew. By April 1998, five of her closest friends had distanced themselves from her because of her increasing commitment to her faith. Furthermore, because of her faith, she was occasionally subjected to mockery by several of her peers, including Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.[20][21] Rachel documented this in a letter to a relative one year to the day before her death. This letter includes the words: "Now that I have begun to walk my talk, they make fun of me. I don't even know what I have done. I don't even have to say anything, and they turn me away. I have no more personal friends at school. But you know what, it's all worth it."[22]

On many occasions throughout Scott's adolescence, her family observed her in prayer both at home and at church. Her mother said that her daughter would regularly pray on her knees, with her head bowed, her hands upon her face, and that often, these particular prayer rituals brought tears to Scott's eyes.[23] By the age of 17, Scott was an attendee of three churches: Celebration Christian Fellowship; Orchard Road Christian Center; and Trinity Christian Center, where she choreographed dances at Sunday service. She was also an active member of church youth groups; at the Orchard Road Christian Center, she attended a youth group named "Breakthrough", where she displayed a passionate interest in both evangelism and discipleship.[24] Scott wrote in her journals that her spiritual awareness developed greatly through attending this youth group, and she became known as a leading advocate within it.[25]

Scott struggled with self-esteem issues as a teenager, and has been described by her family as being "blind to her own beauty".[16] By the age of 17, Rachel, although popular among her peers, would occasionally resist efforts to attend certain social events with her friends out of fear she would succumb to the temptation of drinking alcohol.[26] Scott had one serious relationship with a boy in her mid-teens, but she chose to end it over concerns it might develop physically.[27]

Personality

According to friends, Scott often chose to wear clothes of a style reflecting her colorful personality, and occasionally wore eccentric hats, fedoras, or even pajamas to amuse her companions.[28] In addition to her passion for fashion, music, and photography, she was an avid viewer of classic movies, and often spoke of her desire to become a renowned Hollywood actress.[29] She is known to have conveyed these aspirations to her family and to have combined her sense of humor into everyday family life with lighthearted gestures such as leaving a message on her family's answering machine stating: "You have reached the residence of Queen Rachel and her servants, Larry, Beth, Dana, Craig, and Michael. If you have anything you'd like them to do for me, please leave a message."[30]

The contents of her six diaries, discovered following her death, show her positive, compassionate, and pious outlook on life. Although some entries are accounts of her shared experiences with friends, much of the content is devoted to Rachel's endeavors of spreading the message of Christ,[31] and of her efforts to "reach the unreached". Many of these writings are addressed to God. On the cover of one of two journals she had in her possession on the day of her murder (into which a bullet was found lodged) she had written both: "I won't be labelled as average",[32] and "I write not for the sake of glory. Not for the sake of fame. Not of the sake of success. But for the sake of my soul." In other writings, she expressed her efforts to reach these desires through her acts of kindness and compassion.[33] On one occasion, this included writing a prayer for one of the perpetrators of the Columbine High School massacre.[34]

At the time of her death, 17-year-old Scott was an aspiring writer and actress, debating as to whether she should become an actress or a Christian missionary.[35] She also had plans to visit Botswana, as a member of a Christian outreach program to build homes in the upcoming summer[36] before moving into her own apartment in the fall of 1999.[37]

Death

Scott was the first person to be shot in the Columbine High School massacre. She was shot four times while eating lunch with her friend, Richard Castaldo, on the lawn outside the west entrance of the school. Initially shot in the chest, arm and leg, she sustained a fatal wound to her left temple, reportedly inflicted as she attempted to crawl to safety.[38][39] Castaldo was shot eight times and permanently paralyzed from his injuries.[40]

Although at least one author questions the actual circumstances of Scott's final moments,[41] other sources say Eric Harris approached her as she and Castaldo lay wounded, lifted her head by her hair, and asked her whether she believed in God. She said, "You know I do." In response, Harris said, "Well, go be with Him" and shot her in the temple.[24][42] Castaldo (who only survived the attack by feigning death) heard Rachel weeping as she curled into a ball on the grass,[43] before hearing a final gunshot as Harris and Klebold approached them.[44]

In total, 13 people were killed and 24 were injured. The two perpetrators then committed suicide, raising the final death toll to 15. After the killings, Scott's car (a 1988 Acura Legend coupé) was turned into a flower-shrouded memorial in the adjacent Clement Park after being moved from the school's parking lot by grieving students. A chain link fence was also installed around the vehicle for mourners to attach their tokens of grief such as flowers, crucifixes, teddy bears, and letters of condolence; her vehicle was scarcely visible beneath the gifts left on it.[28] Scott's 16-year-old brother, Craig, was also at the school on the day of the massacre; he was in the library where most of the killings occurred; he survived unharmed.[45]

Two days after the Columbine High School massacre, Craig Scott appeared on the morning television broadcast of the Today Show for an interview with anchorwoman Katie Couric. Isaiah Shoels' father was also present at this interview. Couric later recalled the interview as "one of the most memorable and even spiritual experiences [she] had ever had". Rachel's parents appeared later on a show with host Maria Shriver, immediately after sharing on their personal choice of forgiveness.[46]

Funeral

Rachel Scott was buried at the Chapel Hill Cemetery on April 24, 1999, following a two-hour service held at the Trinity Christian Center.[47] Hers was one of the first of the massacre victims' funerals, and was attended by more than 1,000 people, including her family, friends, and staff at Columbine High School. The Reverend Porter began the service by addressing the congregation with the question, "What has happened to us as a people that this should happen to us?" He then addressed the solemn crowd with a speech which included references to Scott's pious character, kind nature and love of her fellow man, before stating: "You have graduated early from this life to a far better one, where there is no sorrow, violence or death."[48] Her friends from the Orchard Road Christian Church Youth Group also sang a song at the service, composed in her honor, entitled "Why Did You Have to Leave?"[49]

Many of Scott's friends spoke at this service as the theme song My Heart Will Go On was broadcast.[50] Those conveying their eulogies included one youth who had been considered an outcast at Columbine High School, who stated: "All my life I prayed that someone would love me and make me feel wanted. God sent me an angel," before staring at Scott's casket and weeping.[51] Nick Baumgart, who accompanied Rachel to the high school prom as his date three days before her murder, also spoke, saying: "A truer friend, you couldn't find. You could be having the worst day of your entire life; all she had to do was smile."[52] Rachel's parents chose not to speak at the service, but issued a statement in which they described their daughter as "a girl whose love of life was constantly reflected in her love and zeal for music, drama, photography, and for her friends".[53]

Prior to her burial, mourners who had known Scott throughout her life were invited to write messages of condolence on her ivory white casket.[54] In what was described by an observer as an "achingly beautiful calligraphy of grief," her coffin was adorned with messages of love, gratitude, solemnity and sorrow.[49]

External images
The final drawing in Rachel's sixth journal, depicting 13 tears shed from her eyes. This drawing was created two hours before her murder
Inscription of Rachel's prophetic belief her life would be one to "touch millions of people's hearts"

The funeral service was televised worldwide on many national and international TV channels, and the entire funeral was viewed by millions around the world. Broadcast live on CNN, Scott's funeral drew the largest audience the network had attracted to date, even surpassing the viewership of the 1997 funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales.[55]

Legacy

Journal entries

Scott first received a journal as a Christmas present from her mother in 1997.[56] On that very day, on the first page of this journal, she wrote a message to the Lord in the form of a prayer, thanking Him for her life, for the birth of His Son, and for her family and friends. This first journal entry vividly expresses Rachel's deep love of Jesus Christ.[56] She regularly populated successive journals with her thoughts and life experiences over the next 16 months, often writing directly to Jesus, whom she repeatedly referred to in these entries as her "best friend".[57] The journal entries also include many poems, drawings, and prayers, in addition to accounts of her efforts to welcome new students to her school, and of her offers of friendship to students who had been considered outcasts; those regularly subjected to mockery because of ailments or a handicap; and others she met both inside and outside her school who were lonely or in need. Scott offered her continued support to all these people, and willingly met or talked with them conveying her continued friendship and support.[58]

Many of Scott's later journal entries also reflect a sense of foreboding as to her own impending death. One journal entry in May 1998 indicated her belief she was to die within a year; this entry stated her belief she had accomplished all she could in her lifespan and ended with these words: "This will be my last year, Lord. I've gotten what I can. Thank you for the light you put in me."[59]

Scott's final journal entry is a drawing of her own eyes shedding 13 tears upon a rose identical to one that she had previously drawn sprouting from a single columbine flower.[60] The drawing was made as she attended her final class before meeting Richard Castaldo to eat lunch on the lawn outside the west entrance to Columbine High School.[59][61]

My Ethics; My Codes of Life

One month before her death, Scott wrote a school essay entitled "My Ethics; My Codes of Life" in which she stated her belief in the act of compassion being the greatest form of love that human beings could advocate to each other, and her efforts to look for the beauty in everyone she met in her life. In the essay, Rachel also wrote: "My definition of compassion is forgiving, loving, helping, leading, and showing mercy for others. I have this theory that if one person can go out of their way to show compassion then it will start a chain reaction of the same. People will never know how far a little kindness can go."[62]

I am sure that my codes of life may be very different from yours, but how do you know that trust, compassion, and beauty will not make this world a better place to be in and this life a better one to live? My codes may seem like a fantasy that can never be reached, but test them for yourself, and see the kind of effect they have in the lives of people around you. You just may start a chain reaction.

Closing paragraph of Rachel Scott's essay "My Ethics; My Codes of Life", written just one month before her death.[63]

On reading the essay and the journals Scott had written in the last 16 months of her life, her father was inspired to found Rachel's Challenge two years after her death.[64] Several other sources of inspiration motivated Darrell Scott to make this decision. These included a phone call from a prosperous business person, Frank Amedia, who informed him that he had repeatedly prayed for the welfare of Scott and his family since Rachel's death, and of his conviction the Lord held plans for him (Darrell) to speak to leaders and young people across the nation. Amedia emphasized his willingness to lend his financial support to whatever cause the Lord held for Darrell.[65] Amedia then described a recurring dream he had been experiencing of Rachel's eyes shedding several tears in a "watering" manner on an unknown object. Darrell Scott replied that the dream did not seem symbolic to him; however, several days later, he was authorized to collect his daughter's backpack from the sheriff's office. Inside the backpack were the two journals Rachel had in her possession at the time of her murder. On viewing the final page Rachel had written in her last journal, Scott was stunned to see his daughter's drawing of her own eyes shedding 13 clear tears on a rose shedding blood-like droplets. This rose was identical to one she had drawn in a previous journal, sprouting from a single columbine flower. Beside this drawing, she had drawn a cross inscribed with the words: "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man would lay down his life for his friends!"[66]

Rachel's Tears

Reviewing their daughter's life and hearing firsthand just how profound an impact Scott's simple acts of kindness had imprinted on the lives of those who had known her, as well as recalling her repeatedly stated desire for her life to have an impact for the better on others,[67] Darrell Scott and Beth Nimmo were inspired to write the book Rachel's Tears; a non-fiction book about their daughter, her faith, her inspirational journal entries, and the impact of her loss on their lives. The book was published on the first anniversary of her death, and is incorporated into the Rachel's Challenge program.

Scott and Nimmo later published two more books inspired by their daughter and her legacy: Rachel Smiles: The Spiritual Legacy of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott, and The Journals of Rachel Joy Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High. The books were published in 2001 and 2002 respectively. Both parents have expressed their hope that those who did not know their daughter would find inspiration in the books' description of the principles their daughter had lived during her life.[46]

Rachel's Challenge

Rachel's Challenge is a national nonprofit and nonpolitical organization[68] whose stated aims are to advocate a safe and positive climate and culture in schools in a campaign to quell school violence, bullying, discrimination, and both homicidal and suicidal thoughts in students. Through the more than 50 designated speakers and the international expansion of Rachel's Challenge,[69] the annual international student outreach of the organization is estimated to be in excess of two million.[70] The program itself typically involves a one-hour audio and video presentation, hosted by the Rachel's Challenge speaker, to assembled students, with the aim of motivating those present to analyze how they treat others. The Rachel's Challenge speakers include Darrell, Craig and Mike Scott; guest speakers include Nicole Nowlen, who was wounded at age 16 in the Columbine High School massacre,[71][72] and Adam Kyler, a former Columbine student who had harbored suicidal thoughts until Rachel, noting he was the victim of bullying, offered her friendship and support.[73]

Each attendee is asked to pledge to accept the five principles discussed during the presentation before leaving the assembly: To eliminate any form of prejudice from their being, and seek only the best in others; to keep a journal and seek to achieve accomplishments; to choose to accept only positive influences in their lives;[74] to commit to bringing a positive change in their home, school, and community through kind words, and undertaking tasks great and small; and to show care and compassion to those who are vulnerable, ridiculed, or in any form of need.[75] A final impetus is to commit to Rachel's theory of the formation of a chain reaction through these five pledges by sharing these commitments with their family members, friends, and peers.[64]

At the close of the program, the audience is asked to close their eyes, and picture five or six people closest to them; they are then asked to tell them how much they mean to them.[76] The initial presentation is followed by a 45-minute, interactive training session involving both adult and student leaders. Participants are trained to perpetuate the chain reaction of kindness envisioned by Scott.[63] The participating school is provided with a curriculum and a training manual to ensure the continuity of the objectives of Rachel's Challenge, and the speaker typically holds a meeting later with parents and community leaders.[77]

Internationally, many schools have incorporated Rachel's Challenge into their internal character building programs, with active efforts made to eradicate any sense of alienation among the student population, and various initiatives implemented to increase cohesion. One initiative to achieve this objective is to establish a "Friends of Rachel" club, to sustain the campaign's goals on an ongoing basis.[78] In addition, many students actively seek to honor Scott's theory of just one person displaying compassion having the potential to spark a chain reaction of the same by spreading her message of kindness, empathy and compassion with their fellow students.[76]

As a direct result of Rachel's Challenge, numerous child and teenage suicides have been prevented,[79] bullying has decreased in American schools, documented acts of community service have increased,[80] and in seven known cases,[81] planned school shootings have been prevented.[82]

Craig Scott meets then-President George W. Bush during a 2006 conference devoted to the topic of school safety[83]

National recognition

Scott was posthumously awarded the 2001 National Kindness Award for Student of the Year by the Random Acts of Kindness Foundation in recognition of her efforts to eradicate negativity, discord, and alienation in those she encountered during her life and to replace these negative influences with care and compassion.[84]

Craig Scott was formally invited to address a National Council on issues relating to safety and security in schools in the wake of the 2006 Amish school shooting. This meeting was held at the White House and included President George W. Bush, White House staff, and educators from across the nation, and focused on cultural issues and the accomplishments and personal experiences garnered through Rachel's Challenge. President Bush requested a copy of the speech, and Craig Scott was later invited back to the White House to speak further on these issues.

In a direct recognition of the significant, ongoing, national benefits achieved in schools, colleges, and universities through Rachel's Challenge, the National Education Association of New York awarded Darrell Scott and Rachel's Challenge the "Friend of Education Award" in 2006.[85] Darrell Scott was selected as the 2009 winner of the "All-Stars Among Us" initiative in recognition of his selfless dedication toward preserving his daughter's memory in a positive manner through Rachel's Challenge in the U.S. Along with 29 other recipients, Scott was formally honored as part of the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game ceremonies, held in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 14 that year.[86][87] At this ceremony, Darrell Scott stated: "Rachel loved to watch baseball. She had no clue that because of her memory [...] I'd be here representing her."[86] Both of Rachel's parents have also spoken with renowned entertainers, world leaders, and notable individuals including Miep Gies - one of the people who hid Anne Frank and her family from the Nazis and preserved her diary after her capture.[88]

Darrell Scott has stated that reliving his daughter's death giving his Rachel's Challenge speeches is painful, but that he and his family consider the opportunity to be a worthwhile experience as they can turn a tragedy into triumph.[89] He notes: "I feel that God has really called me to do this. To pick up the torch my daughter dropped. This is what my daughter would have wanted to see. If I died right now, I can tell you my daughter's prayer has been answered."[90] Rachel's mother would herself recollect on the 10th anniversary of her daughter's passing: "Only through eternal eyes will she ever know how powerful her life and death became."[57]

Media

Film

The film I'm Not Ashamed (2016) is directly based on the life, death, and legacy of Scott. Directed by Brian Baugh and starring Masey McLain as Rachel Scott, the movie also uses some of the contents of Scott's journals for voice-overs.[91]

Books

Television

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Jefferson County Coroner's Office Autopsy Report - Scott, Rachel". acolumbinesite.com. A Columbine Site. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  2. ↑ "'Rachel's Challenge' promotes little acts of kindness among Calgary kids". globalnews.ca. May 15, 2014. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Sharing her pain to help stop bullying". royalgazette.com. February 4, 2016. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Speaker challenges for positive impact". The Wahkiakum County Eagle. January 17, 2008. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Father remembers Columbine victim" (video). Today show. NBC. April 20, 2009. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  6. ↑ "Rachel's Story: Darrell Scott brings his daughter's memory to the Shoals". Times Daily. September 15, 2001. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  7. ↑ "Students Take up Rachel's Challenge to Combat Hatred". northjersey.com. October 27, 2010. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Columbine Victim Rachel Scott's Kindness Lives On". Huffington Post. December 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  9. ↑ "The diary of Rachel Scott: Uncle keeps Columbine shooting victim's spirit alive". The Oklahoman. October 31, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  10. ↑ The Journals of Rachel Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High p. 12
  11. 1 2 Beth Nimmo and Darrell Scott (2000). Rachel's Tears—The Spiritual Journey of Columbine Martyr Rachel Scott. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers. pp. 57, 61, 173. ISBN 0-7852-6848-0.
  12. ↑ Rachel's Tears, p. 32
  13. ↑ S.C. Gwynne (December 20, 1999). "An Act of God?". Time magazine. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  14. ↑ "About Us: Meet Rachel". rachelschallenge.org. August 6, 2010. Archived from the original on September 22, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Rachel Scott". The Denver Post. April 23, 1999. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  16. 1 2 Rachel's Tears, p. 46
  17. ↑ "Rachel Joy Scott". Acolumbinesite.com. August 5, 1981. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Beth Nimmo Interview". famousinterview.ca. April 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  19. ↑ The Journals of Rachel Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High p. 3
  20. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 117
  21. ↑ "Craig Scott, Columbine Massacre Survivor, Revisits the High School and Remembers his Murdered Sister Rachel Scott". The Huffington Post. April 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  22. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 96
  23. ↑ The Journals of Rachel Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High p. 27
  24. 1 2 "Pentecostal Evangel". Archived from the original on September 24, 2016.
  25. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 117
  26. ↑ Rachel's Tears, p. 48
  27. ↑ Rachel's Tears, p. 45
  28. 1 2 "Friends tell victim goodbye". Daily News. April 25, 1999. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Rachel Scott touched 'millions of people's lives". Hollis Brookline Journal. April 15, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  30. ↑ "United They Stand". people.com. May 10, 1999. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  31. ↑ Shepard, C. "Rachel Joy Scott". Archived from the original on October 28, 2012.
  32. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 174
  33. ↑ "Preserving A Daughter's Spirit". CBS News. April 20, 2000. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  34. ↑ "In the Face of Death: Craig Scott Revisits the Columbine Shooting". CBN.com. July 22, 2002. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Columbine Victim's Dad Traveling to Share his Daughter's Journal". Toledo Blade. November 27, 1999. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Victims in High School had Big Dreams, Plans for Future". Times Daily. April 23, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  37. ↑ "Rachel's Joy Lives On". The Denver Post. April 25, 1999. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  38. ↑ The Martyrs of Columbine: Faith and the Politics of Tragedy p. 140
  39. ↑ "'Thirteen Tears': The Legacy of Rachel Scott". The Kentucky Standard. May 4, 2013. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  40. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine pp. 91-92
  41. ↑ The Martyrs of Columbine: Faith and the Politics of Tragedy pp. 141-142
  42. ↑ "Craig Scott; Columbine Massacre Survivor, Revisits the High School and Remembers his Murdered Sister Rachel Scott". Huffington Post. April 10, 2013. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Through the Eyes of Survivors". The Denver Post Online. June 13, 1999. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Through the Eyes of Survivors". Denver Post. June 13, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  45. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 11
  46. 1 2 "Remembering Columbine victim Rachel Scott". today.com. April 20, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Littleton Funeral". Rome News-Tribune. April 25, 1999. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Terror in Littleton: the Details; Attack at School Planned a Year, Authorities Say". New York Times. April 25, 1999. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  49. 1 2 "Heart-wrenching Farewells Begin In Grieving Town". Chicago Tribune. April 25, 1999. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  50. ↑ Rachel's Tears, p. 105
  51. ↑ "Heart-wrenching Farewells Begin In Grieving Town". Chicago Tribune. April 25, 1999. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  52. ↑ "A Shared Grief". Los Angeles Times. April 24, 1999. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Friends, Family Mourn 4 Beloved Teens". The Denver Post. April 24, 1999. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  54. ↑ "Terror In Littleton: The Details; Attack at School Planned a Year, Authorities Say". The New York Times. April 25, 1999. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  55. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 13
  56. 1 2 Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. xxi
  57. 1 2 "Who was I before April 20, 1999?". lfcnews.com. April 18, 2009. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  58. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 95
  59. 1 2 "Rachel's Challenge builds character compassion". The Othello Outlook. October 15, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  60. ↑ "13 Years And 13 Tears Later – Remembering Columbine's Rachel Scott". verticallivingministries.com. April 20, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
  61. ↑ "Scott: On the road to tell Rachel's faith story". The Free Lance-Star. December 20, 1999. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  62. ↑ Scott, Rachel (1999). "My Ethics, My Codes of Life". Rachel's Challenge. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  63. 1 2 "Rachel's Challenge: One Story Changing the Lives of Millions". slidetosafety.com. October 30, 2009. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  64. 1 2 "Speaker challenges for positive impact". The Wahkiakum County Eagle. January 17, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  65. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 173
  66. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine pp. 175-177
  67. ↑ "Rachel Scott touched 'millions of people's lives". Hollis Brookline Journal. April 15, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  68. ↑ Grey, Jamie (August 5, 2014). "Rachel's Challenge to offer small school programs". KTVB.com. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  69. ↑ "Rachel's Challenge: Preventing Teen Violence". districtadministration.com. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  70. ↑ Rachel's Challenge: Media Fact Sheet Archived September 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  71. ↑ "Columbine Survivor Shares Message of Kindness with Tokay High". The Lodi News-Sentinel. November 29, 2007. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  72. ↑ "Columbine Victim's Legacy Lives On". The Quincy Valley Post-Register. January 11, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  73. ↑ Gelbwasser, Michael (December 2, 2009). "Links in Chain of Kindness". The Sun Chronicle.com. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  74. ↑ "Rachel Scott touched 'millions of people's lives'". Hollis Brookline Journal. February 15, 2008. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  75. ↑ "Rachel’s Challenge: One Story Changing the Lives of Millions - Slide To Safety". October 30, 2015. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016.
  76. 1 2 "Rachel's challenge brings character compassion". The Othello Outlook. October 4, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
  77. ↑ "Rachel's Challenge Community Event: A Challenge of Kindness - MilfordNow". January 22, 2015. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016.
  78. ↑ "The Scoop: May Issue". Midlothian Scoop. May 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  79. ↑ "Students take challenge". Bedford Journal. February 14, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
  80. ↑ "About Us - Rachel's Challenge". Archived from the original on September 21, 2016.
  81. ↑ "Major League Baseball honors off-field all-stars". usatoday.com. July 14, 2009. Archived from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  82. ↑ "Rachel's Challenge Program at Grafton High School November 20th". Valley News and Views. November 15, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  83. ↑ President Bush Participates in Panel on School Safety: thewhitehouse.gov Archived September 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  84. ↑ "Rachel's Challenge sets Kindness in Motion". priestrivertimes.com. February 11, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  85. ↑ "Rachel's Challenge Program at Grafton High School November 20th". Valley News and Views. November 15, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  86. 1 2 Singer, Tim (June 29, 2009). "Scott is Rockies' All-Star Among Us". mlb.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  87. ↑ Newman, Mark (July 14, 2009). "Obama kicks off historic night in St. Louis". mlb.com. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  88. ↑ "Inspriational people - and some others". The Times Herald. November 16, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  89. ↑ Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine p. 179
  90. ↑ "Scott: On the Road to tell Rachel's Faith Story". The Free Lance-Star. December 20, 1999. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  91. ↑ Hoffman, Jordann (October 21, 2016). "I'm Not Ashamed Review – Faith-based Drama Exploits Columbine Tragedy". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  92. ↑ Communities in Schools.pdf
  93. ↑ "Untold Stories of Columbine - DVD". christiancinema.com. June 29, 2010. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
  94. ↑ "Father of Columbine Victim Lectures". dailynexus.com. March 6, 2003. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017.

Cited works and further reading

  • Brown, Brooks; Merritt, Robert (2002). No Easy Answers: The Truth Behind Death at Columbine High School. Lantern Books. ISBN 1-590-56031-0.
  • Cullen, David (2009). Columbine. Grand Central Publishing. 978-0-4465-4693-5
  • Keuss, Jeff; Sloth, Lia (2006). Rachel's Challenge: A Columbine Legacy. Positively for Kids. ISBN 978-0-9765-7225-1.
  • Larkin, Ralph (2007). Comprehending Columbine. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-5921-3490-8.
  • Marsico, Katie (2010). The Columbine High School Massacre: Murder in the Classroom. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-4985-0.
  • Scott, Darrell; Nimmo, Beth (2000). The Journal of Rachel Scott: A Journey of Faith at Columbine High. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 0-849-97594-8.
  • Scott, Darrell; Nimmo, Beth; Rabey, Steve (2009). Rachel's Tears: 10th Anniversary Edition: The Spiritual Journey of Columbine. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 978-1-4003-1347-1.
  • Scott, Darrell; Rabey, Steve (2001). Chain Reaction: A Call to Compassionate Revolution. Thomas Nelson Publishers. ISBN 0-785-26680-1.
  • Watson, Justin (2002). The Martyrs of Columbine: Faith and the Politics of Tragedy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7000-8.
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