Racal

Racal Electronics plc
Public limited company
Industry Electronics
Fate Acquired by Thomson-CSF
Successor Thales plc
Founded 1950
Founder Raymond Brown, George Calder Cunningham
Defunct January 2000
Headquarters Weybridge, United Kingdom
Key people
 Sir Ernest Harrison OBE (Chairman)

Racal Electronics plc was once the third largest British electronics firm.

Listed on the London Stock Exchange and once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, Racal was a diversified company, offering products including: voice loggers and data recorders; point of sale terminals; laboratory instruments; military electronics, including radio and radar. At its height, it operated throughout 110 countries worldwide and employed over 30,000 people. It was the parent company of Vodafone, before the mobile telephony provider was sold in 1991.

Racal was purchased by Thomson-CSF (now Thales Group) in 2000, thereby giving the French firm access to the lucrative UK defence and armaments market.

Foundation

Racal was created in 1950 as Racal Ltd, the name being derived from the partners RAymond Brown and George CALder Cunningham.[1]

Ernest Harrison joined the company as employee number 13 as an accountant,[2][3][4] but later held the positions of chief buyer, personnel director and contract negotiator.

The first factory was located in Isleworth, west London. On outgrowing this site it moved to Bracknell, Berkshire in 1954, enticed by a 99-year lease at four shillings and sixpence per square foot - and no rent reviews.[5]

Although Racal had won a Royal Navy contract to build and supply a variant of the American Collins Model 51-J Radio Receiver, they were not granted a licence to build these sets by Collins Inc. This meant that Racal had to design and build a radio receiver from scratch. After almost bankrupting the company due to a £40,000 overspend,[5] the result was the 'RA17' - in production from 1955 to at least 1973 - designed in cooperation with Trevor Wadley and utilising his Wadley Loop circuit.[6]

Racal under Harrison

Harrison joined the company board in 1958, and as deputy managing director from 1961 helped Racal to obtain a Stock Market listing.[3] Harrison became chairman in 1966, when co-founder Ray Brown was lured away by the Ministry of Defence.[3]

Major deals

[2]

Under Harrsion, £1,000 invested in Racal in 1961 would have been worth £14.5million when he retired in 2000. Harrison received an estimated £25 million from the sale of Racal in 2000, and is estimated to have died with an accumulated total wealth of £40million.[3]

Decca Radar

In 1979, Racal bought Decca Radar forming Racal-Decca. Racal-Datacom conducted business in the United States.[7]

Vodafone

In 1980, Harrison agreed a deal with Lord Weinstock of General Electric Company plc to allow Racal to access some of GEC's tactical battlefield radio technology. Briefing the head of Racal's military radio division Gerry Whent to drive the company into commercial mobile radio, Whent visited GE's factory in Virginia, USA in 1980.[8]

In 1982, Racal's newly formed subsidiary Racal Strategic Radio Ltd under CEO Whent, won one of two UK cellular telephone network licences; the other going to British Telecom[9][10] The network, known as Racal Vodafone was 80% owned by Racal, with Millicom with 15%, and the Hambros Technology Trust 5% respectively. Vodafone was launched on January 1, 1985.[11] Racal Strategic Radio was renamed Racal Telecommunications Group Limited in 1985.[10] On December 29, 1986, Racal Electronics bought out the minority shareholders of Vodafone for GB£110 million.[12]

In 1988, 20% of Racal Telecom was floated on the London Stock Exchange.[13] This would lead to the situation where Racal Electronics was valued at less than its shareholding in Racal Telecom. Harrison demerged Racal Telecom in October 1991, forcing a positive valuation on the rest of Racal (colloquially known in the City of London as "the rump"). Vodafone would later become the largest mobile network in the world and the highest valued company on the FTSE 100. Immediately following the demerger, Williams Holdings launched a takeover bid for Racal. The bid, valued at £740m, failed.[14]

Chubb Security

In 1984, Racal bought Chubb, a security company that manufactured safes and locks. In 1992, Chubb was demerged from Racal and was subsequently taken over by Willams Holdings in 1997 for £1.3bn.

Racal Telecoms

Racal re-established a telecoms division with a major government contract in 1988 and the acquisition of British Rail Telecommunications in 1995. This division of the former nationalised industry owned telecoms infrastructure laid across the rail network.

Racal Instrumentation

Consisted of Racal Recorders (Hythe, Southampton) and Racal Instruments (Burham, near Slough). Racal acquired Thermionic Products in 1967, creating Racal Thermionics, renamed Racal Recorders in 1977.

National Lottery

In 1994, Camelot Group won the franchise to operate the UK National Lottery, Racal had a 22.5% share. After one of the founder shareholders, GTECH, was bought out by Camelot this stake increased to 26.67% which Thales continues to hold.[15]

Break-up

In 1995 Racal expanded its defence businesses with the acquisition of the Thorn Sensors Group from Thorn EMI.[16] In 1998 all of Racal defence businesses were reorganised under Racal Defence Electronics Ltd into Racal Radar Defence Systems, Racal Radio and Racal Thorn.

In October 1999 Racal decided to sell its telecoms business to the American communications group, Global Crossing, for £1bn.[17]

Then in January 2000 Thomson-CSF announced a bid for the Company: Racal became Thomson-CSF Racal plc and later part of Thales plc with the renaming of the larger Thomson-CSF to Thales Group.[18]

In December 2008, Racal Acoustics Ltd was acquired by Esterline Technologies, and has become part of their Communications Systems platform.

References

  1. ↑ "RA 17". Archived from the original on June 13, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Sir Ernest Harrison". Daily Telegraph. February 22, 2009. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Sir Ernest Harrison: chairman of Racal Electronics". London: Daily Telegraph. February 18, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  4. ↑ Brewerton, David (February 22, 2009). "Sir Ernest Harrison". London: The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  5. 1 2 Jim Levi. "Britain's High Priest of Shareholder Value". salbu.co.za. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  6. ↑ "The Wadley Drift Cancelling Loop". Archived from the original on December 8, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Sperry Marine". Archived from the original on February 15, 2012.
  8. ↑ Richard Wilson (February 19, 2009). "Obituary: Sir Ernest Harrison". electronicsweekly.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
  9. ↑ "A Profile Of World Leader Vodafone". November 2, 2006. Archived from the original on September 2, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
  10. 1 2 "Vodafone Group Public Ltd Co". Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
  11. ↑ "The rapid rise of Vodafone". BBC News. February 4, 2000. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  12. ↑ Eadie, Alison (December 30, 1986). "Racal pays £110 million to own Vodafone". The Times. Times Newspapers.
  13. ↑ Upwardly mobile: Racal and Vodafone The Economist, 1988
  14. ↑ How high a price can Racal bring? New York Times, 1991 Archived December 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  15. ↑ Camelot wins UK lottery race BBC News, May 25, 1994 Archived October 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Racal buys Thorn Emi Sensors Janes, 1995
  17. ↑ Racal sells telecoms division BBC News (October 12, 1999), Accessed January 20, 2006 Archived February 2, 2003, at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ↑ Thomson-CSF seals Racal deal BBC News (January 13, 2000) Accessed January 20, 2006 Archived April 10, 2003, at the Wayback Machine.
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