Pro14

Pro14
Current season or competition::
2017–18 Pro14
Sport Rugby union
Instituted 2001 (2001)
Number of teams 14
Nations Ireland Ireland (4 teams)
 Italy (2 teams)
 Scotland (2 teams)
 Wales (4 teams)
 South Africa (2 teams)
Holders Wales Scarlets (2017–18)
Most titles Ireland Leinster (4 titles)
Wales Ospreys (4 titles)
Website pro14rugby.org

The PRO14 (known as the Guinness PRO14 for sponsorship reasons)[1] is an annual rugby union competition involving professional sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. The league is one of the three major professional leagues in Europe (along with the English Premiership and the French Top 14), the most successful European teams from which go forward to compete in the European Rugby Champions Cup, the pan-European championship which replaced the Heineken Cup after the 2013–14 season. The Pro14 is the second domestic club competition in the professional era to span both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the second, to the Southern Hemisphere competition Super Rugby, to cross continents.

Beginning in the 2001–02 season, the league was originally known as the Celtic League[2] and comprised teams from Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The league was sponsored by Irish cider makers Magners from the 2006–07 season until 2010–11. At the start of the 2010–11 season, the league expanded from ten to twelve teams, adding two Italian teams. Following the end of Magners' sponsorship, the league was sponsored by RaboDirect from 2011–12 through to 2013–14.[1][3] The "Pro12" name was adopted in 2011 to reflect that the league now included teams from outside the Celtic nations.[4] A further expansion to 14 teams took place from the 2017–18 season, with two South African teams joining the league. The current sponsorship deal with Guinness commenced at the beginning of the 2014–15 season.

Tournament format

Current format

The league season as of 2017 takes place between September and May, with teams split into two conferences; each consisting of two Irish and Welsh teams and one team each from Italy, Scotland and South Africa to make a seven team conference. Each year the teams will be allocated to conferences based on their previous year's final positioning - in terms of Ireland and Wales the top club from their respective nation will be placed in the same conference as the bottom club from their respective nation.

Teams will play each of the other teams in their conference twice (home and away) and each team from the opposite conference once (either home or away). In addition, each team plays two further derby fixtures against teams from the same nation, but in the opposite conference. This will ensure that Ireland and Wales retain their six derby matches for each team they held before. For Italy, Scotland and South Africa, their respective clubs will play their own nations side three times, with the home venue for the third fixture alternating each season between each club.

This creates a twenty one match regular season before the play-offs. The play-offs will be made up of the top three teams from each conference, with the conference winners gaining a direct bye to the semi-finals, which they will host. The second and third placed teams from each conference will advance to the quarter-finals, with each of the second placed team hosted the game against the third placed team from the opposite conference. The final will be held in a pre-arranged venue.

League points are awarded using the Rugby union bonus points system; 4 points for a win and 2 for a draw. Bonus points can be eared so long as teams can either score four or more tries in a game and or lose by seven points or less - should a teams do both, two bonus points are gained.

As for European qualification, the South African teams are ineligible at this time for European Competition. However seven places remains for teams competing in the competition, despite the change of format. The top three teams in each conference, excluding the South African teams if necessary, will gain qualification into the Champions Cup. The next best team on a combined table across both conferences, takes the seventh place in the Champions Cup.

With one less regular season fixture than in the Pro12, but with an extra round of play-offs, the season remains at 24 match-weeks and thus can still be scheduled to same time period as previous models of the competition. Clashes between league matches and international weekends in November and during the Six Nations Championship remains.

Due to the travelling distance between Europe and South Africa, home South African games will always be played on a Saturday, allowing visiting teams to have a seven-day turnaround between fixtures and includes five ‘clean days’ that do not involve any travel. Should the draw see European teams play both South African teams away, the schedule will see the away team play the two matches back-to-back across two weeks, acting as a 'mini-tour'.

Format history

The league has used a play-off structure since the 2009–10 season to determine the champions, similar to that used in the English Premiership.[5] Until the 2008–09 season, the champions were determined from league performance. From the 2017–18 season, the regular season will employ a conference structure rather than a single round robin league, with 'derby games' between teams from the same nation being protected, and an expanded playoff structure. This allows the competition to control the calendar, and control the number of games per team.

Until and including the 2008–09 season, the champions were decided solely on the basis of who finished top of the league table, but since the 2009–10 season, the league champion has been decided by a play-off series, in line with other rugby club competitions such as Super Rugby, Top 14, and the English Premiership: at the conclusion of the regular season, the top four placed teams enter the semi-final stage, with the winner of the first vs fourth and second vs third play-offs entering the final (known as the "grand final" in 2010 and 2011). The venue for the final is chosen by the highest placed team in the regular season.

League points are awarded using the Rugby union bonus points system. Until and including the 2008–09 season, the champions were decided solely on the basis of who finished top of the league table, but since the 2009–10 season, the league champion has been decided by a play-off series, in line with other rugby club competitions such as Super Rugby, Top 14, and the English Premiership: at the conclusion of the regular season, the top four placed teams enter the semi-final stage, with the winner of the first vs fourth and second vs third play-offs entering the final (known as the "grand final" in 2010 and 2011). The venue for the final is chosen by the highest placed team in the regular season.

Two Italian teams – the ex-National Championship of Excellence team Benetton Rugby Treviso, and a new team, Aironi – joined the league starting with the 2010–11 season, Aironi being replaced by Zebre from the 2012–13 season. Through the 2012–13 season, the Welsh, Irish, Scottish and Italian rugby unions used the league as the sole determinant for Heineken Cup qualification, and from 2013–14 they use it as the sole means of qualification for the successor to the Heineken Cup, the European Rugby Champions Cup.

Corporate organisation

The legal name of the body running the competition is Celtic Rugby Limited, an Irish private company limited by shares based in Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. The company is owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union, the Welsh Rugby Union, the Scottish Rugby Union and the Italian Rugby Federation. The board of directors consists of two representatives appointed by each Union and an independent chairman. As and from the start of the 2010–11 season, the league is being managed out of the same office of the RBS 6 Nations and the British and Irish Lions and sharing a chief executive (John Feehan) and staff with these two organisations.[6]

Media coverage

Since the 2010–11 season, the League has been broadcast live on BBC Two Wales, BBC Two Northern Ireland, RTÉ, the Irish language channel TG4, the Scottish Gaelic channel BBC Alba, the Welsh channel S4C.[7] The BBC Two Wales matches are usually made available to the rest of the United Kingdom via BBC Red Button. Complete match replays are also available on the BBC iPlayer. Each broadcaster provides feed to the others for matches in their home territory. While this means that the league is now available free to air in the UK and Ireland, in Italy it was only available on a subscription basis in its first year. However, from the 2014–15 season, Italy's Nuvolari began broadcasting the games involving the two Italian clubs live on its digital free-to-view channel. Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh matches are also broadcast live on BBC Radio Scotland.

Commencing from the 2014–15 season, Sky Sports became one of the league's broadcast partners, broadcasting 33 live games on a Saturday and also showing both the semi-finals and the final live.

Sporadic coverage of the tournament can be found in other territories – on beIN Sports in France, and on various Setanta Sports channels around the globe (including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South East Asia and the Middle East). The United States rights are held by The Rugby Channel[8]

Broadcast coverage history

Current broadcasters:

Previous broadcasters:

From 2004 to 2009, the Scottish and Irish rights were owned by Setanta Sports. Setanta closed down in Scotland in 2009, but Setanta Ireland and Setanta Sports 1 remained available to Irish subscribers. In 2010, RTÉ Sport, BBC Northern Ireland, TG4, BBC Wales, BBC Alba and SKY Italia came together to buy the Celtic League broadcasting rights.[10]

On 2 May 2013, Sky Sports announced that it had agreed a four-year deal to broadcast 33 live matches each season. This deal commenced at the start of season 2014–15, Sky have 30 exclusive matches but are only allowed to cover 1 set of fixtures for instance only one Leinster v Munster match is live on Sky with the other on TG4.[11] Regional screening of matches continued, BBC Wales show Scrum V Live on Friday Night with S4C covering a match now on Sunday Afternoons. BBC Alba screen matches with some matches also available in English on BBC Scotland and BBC Alba now have English Language Red Button Commentary when not on BBC Scotland and BBC Northern Ireland screen all Ulster matches both home and away not available on Sky Sports while RTÉ Sport dropped their coverage after the 2014 final due to budget cuts therefore TG4 are the only broadcasters of the tournament in the Republic of Ireland. The semi-finals and finals are available to all broadcasters.

Teams

The league is based on regionalised, provincial and franchise representation of the participating nations, except for Benetton Treviso which represents the city of Treviso itself. Benetton Treviso was selected for its long history after the project of a second Italian regional team, Praetorians Roma, failed.[12]

Ireland Italy Scotland
Location of Pro14 teams in Ireland
Location of Pro14 teams in Italy
Location of Pro14 teams in Scotland
South Africa Wales
Location of Pro14 teams in South Africa
Location of Pro14 teams in Wales
 Pro14 clubs
Club Established Location Stadium Capacity Titles (Last)
Italy Benetton Treviso 1932 Treviso, Italy Stadio Comunale di Monigo 6,700 0 (N/A)
Wales Cardiff Blues 2003 Cardiff, Wales Cardiff Arms Park 12,125 0 (N/A)
South Africa Cheetahs 2005 Bloemfontein, South Africa Free State Stadium 48,000 0 (N/A)
Ireland Connacht 1885 Galway, Ireland Galway Sportsgrounds 8,100 1 (2016)
Wales Dragons 2003 Newport, Wales Rodney Parade 8,500 0 (N/A)
Scotland Edinburgh 1872 Edinburgh, Scotland Myreside Stadium 67,144
5,500		 0 (N/A)
Scotland Glasgow Warriors 1872 Glasgow, Scotland Scotstoun 7,351 1 (2015)
Ireland Leinster 1879 Dublin, Ireland RDS
Aviva Stadium		 18,500
51,200		 4 (2014)
Ireland Munster 1879 Limerick
Cork, Ireland		 Thomond Park
Irish Independent Park		 25,600
9,250		 3 (2011)
Wales Ospreys 2003 Swansea, Wales Liberty Stadium 20,827 4 (2012)
Wales Scarlets 2003 Llanelli, Wales Parc y Scarlets 14,870 2 (2017)
South Africa Southern Kings 2009 Port Elizabeth, South Africa Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium 48,459 0 (N/A)
Ireland Ulster 1879 Belfast, Northern Ireland Kingspan Stadium 18,196 1 (2006)
Italy Zebre 1973 Parma, Italy Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi 5,000 0 (N/A)

Italian participation since 2010–11

In November 2008, the Celtic League board met to explore the possibility of Italian participation; the chief executive of the Welsh Rugby Union, Roger Lewis, stated that the league was looking "favourably" on Italian participation. Following a 19 December 2008 board meeting of the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) to discuss proposals to improve Italian rugby,[13] FIR announced that it would submit a proposal to join the Celtic League. FIR had two possibilities – either entering four existing Italian clubs from the National Championship of Excellence into the league; or creating two teams of Italy-qualified players exclusively for the competition.[14]

On 18 July 2009, the FIR announced that Aironi and Praetorians Roma would compete in the Celtic League from the start of the 2010–11 season – beating bids from Benetton Rugby Treviso and Duchi Nord-Ovest. Praetorians would be based in Rome at the Stadio Flaminio, while Aironi will be based in Viadana but would play some matches in the city of Reggio Emilia.[15] On 2 October 2009, the FIR proposed Benetton Treviso in place of Praetorians Roma.[16]

On 28 January 2010, the FIR declared that they had withdrawn from negotiations with the Celtic League regarding two Italian teams joining the tournament, with the main issue being a €3 million warranty asked for by the league,[17][18][19] but by 7 February, the Italian clubs had come up with the required funding.[20] By 8 March 2010, a deal had been finalised for Aironi and Benetton Treviso to enter the Celtic League from the 2010–11 season, with each team guaranteed a place in the Heineken Cup.[21]

At the end of the 2011–12 season however, Aironi were no longer be available to compete in future competitions as a regional club, as, on 6 April 2012, they were refused a licence to continue on financial grounds.[22] They were replaced by another Italian side, Zebre.[23]

Former teams

Team Years Location Stadium(s) (capacity)
Italy Aironi 2010–2012 Viadana Stadio Luigi Zaffanella (6,000)
Scotland Border Reivers 2002–2007 Galashiels Netherdale (6,000)
Wales Celtic Warriors 2003–2004 Bridgend and Pontypridd Brewery Field (12,000)
Sardis Road (8,000)
Wales Bridgend 2001–2003 Bridgend, Wales Brewery Field (6,000)
Wales Caerphilly 2001–2003 Caerphilly, Wales Virginia Park (5,000)
Wales Cardiff 2001–2003 Cardiff, Wales Cardiff Arms Park (12,500)
Wales Ebbw Vale 2001–2003 Ebbw Vale, Wales Eugene Cross Park (8,000)
Wales Llanelli 2001–2003 Llanelli, Wales Stradey Park (10,800)
Wales Neath 2001–2003 Neath, Wales The Gnoll (6,000)
Wales Newport 2001–2003 Newport, Wales Rodney Parade (11,676)
Wales Pontypridd 2001–2003 Pontypridd, Wales Sardis Road (7,861)
Wales Swansea 2001–2003 Swansea, Wales St Helen's (4,500)

Notes:

Other nations

As well as the successful negotiations with Italy,[25][26] talks have been held intermittently with South Africa about the possible expansion of the Pro12.[27][28] A 24-team Rainbow Cup involving 11 Celtic, 9 South African and 4 Italian teams was announced in 2005,[29] but the idea was abandoned because of financial issues on the European end of the deal[28] and changes in the leadership of the South African Rugby Union (SARU).

London Welsh expressed interest in 2006 in joining the Celtic League if promotion and relegation were to be removed from the English Premiership.[30]

In February 2009, South Africa was rumoured to be negotiating entry of its current Super Rugby teams into the Celtic League, to take effect when the media contract between SANZAR and News Corporation expires after the 2010 season;[28] these rumours were immediately denied by SA Rugby, the commercial arm of SARU.[31] In the end, nothing came of these rumours, and the competition remains a strictly European affair.

In a 2016 interview with The Irish Times, IRFU CEO Philip Browne indicated that the Pro12 was seriously considering establishing a US franchise on the country's Atlantic coast in the near future, seeing the recent growth of the sport in the US as an opportunity to help close some of the financial gap between Pro12 and Europe's two major domestic leagues, the English Premiership and France's Top 14. Browne added that Pro12 was also looking to expand further into Continental Europe by teaming with major association football clubs, some of which already have rugby sections.[32]

In August 2016, Pro12 officials began talks with the unions of both Canada and the United States about expansion before the end of the decade, with interest in putting teams on the east coasts of both countries.[33] In September 2016, it emerged that Vancouver and Houston may be target cities, primarily due to weather considerations, though the distance from the other teams may make that more of a challenge.[34]

While the North American plan remains active, media attention turned in 2017 toward a new possibility of South African teams entering the competition. Following the decision of Super Rugby organiser SANZAAR to drop three teams from the competition (two from South Africa), multiple media reports indicated that the two likeliest South African sides to be axed, the Cheetahs and Southern Kings, could be added to Pro12 as early as the 2017–18 season.[35][36] A later BBC report indicated that the Cheetahs and Kings would be added once their removal from Super Rugby was formally announced on 7 July, though neither Celtic Rugby Limited, the South African Rugby Union, nor the two teams would comment on the report.[37] A week after the Cheetahs and Kings' departure from Super Rugby was confirmed, the BBC reported that Celtic Rugby Limited was expected to officially add those teams at the organisation's next board meeting on 18 July.[38] While no announcement came on that date, media in both South Africa and Britain reported that SARU's chief executive was at Celtic Rugby's headquarters in Dublin to finalise the addition of the Cheetahs and Kings, with Reuters calling the expansion "the worst kept secret in rugby".[39]

Current standings

2016–17 Pro12
Team P W D L PF PA PD TF TA Try bonus Losing bonus Pts
1 Ireland Munster (RU) 22 19 0 3 602 316 +286 77 34 9 1 86
2 Ireland Leinster (SF) 22 18 0 4 674 390 +284 91 47 12 1 85
3 Wales Scarlets (CH) 22 17 0 5 537 359 +178 66 40 9 0 77
4 Wales Ospreys (SF) 22 14 0 8 556 360 +196 74 42 10 3 69
5 Ireland Ulster 22 14 1 7 521 371 +150 68 47 6 4 68
6 Scotland Glasgow Warriors 22 11 0 11 540 464 +76 72 53 9 5 58
7 Wales Cardiff Blues 22 11 1 10 508 498 +10 59 60 3 4 53
8 Ireland Connacht 22 9 0 13 413 498 −85 47 61 5 3 44
9 Scotland Edinburgh 22 6 0 16 400 491 −91 46 59 1 6 31
10 Italy Benetton Treviso 22 5 0 17 316 664 −348 35 92 1 2 23
11 Wales Newport Gwent Dragons 22 4 0 18 368 569 −201 38 71 1 6 23
12 Italy Zebre 22 3 0 19 318 773 −455 38 105 1 6 19
If teams are level at any stage, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:[40]
  1. number of matches won;
  2. the difference between points for and points against;
  3. the number of tries scored;
  4. the most points scored;
  5. the difference between tries for and tries against;
  6. the fewest number of red cards received;
    7.
  7. the fewest number of yellow cards received.

Green background (rows 1 to 4) are play-off places and earn a place in the 2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup.
Blue background indicates teams outside the play-off places that earn a place in the European Rugby Champions Cup.
Yellow background advances to a play-off for a chance to compete in the Champions Cup.[41]
(Q) indicates team has qualified for the play-offs and has qualified for the 2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup.

    History

    The Celtic League Logo

    Wales and Scotland had joined forces for the 1999 and 2000 seasons, with the expansion of the Welsh Premier Division to include Edinburgh and Glasgow to form the Welsh-Scottish League.

    In 2001, an agreement was made between the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) and Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) to create a new competition which would bring in the four Irish provinces. 2001 would see the very first incarnation of the Celtic League.

    Some saw the competition as the forerunner of a British/Irish league with teams from England also taking part. The WRU had previously negotiated with the Rugby Football Union (RFU) to form an Anglo-Welsh league but negotiations had broken down over how many teams from each union would take part.

    Early years (2001–2007)

    2001–02

    The first season saw 15 teams compete: the four Irish provinces (Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster), two Scottish teams (Edinburgh Reivers and Glasgow) and all nine Welsh Premier Division teams (Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Ebbw Vale, Llanelli, Neath, Newport, Pontypridd and Swansea).

    Played alongside each country's own national competitions, the teams were split into two groups (of eight and seven) and played a series of round-robin matches with each team playing the other only once. The top four teams from each group proceeded into the knock-out phase until a champion was found. Clashes between teams in the Welsh-Scottish League also counted towards the new competition.

    The 2001–02 competition was dominated by the Irish teams with all four sides reaching the last eight, three progressing to the semi-finals, and the thrilling final played at Lansdowne Road contested between Leinster and Munster with Leinster running out 24–20 winners.[42]

    2002–03

    The demands of the Celtic League led to the Scottish/Welsh league being abandoned in 2002. The Irish inter-provincial championship was also downgraded.

    The format of the league remained the same for the second season, except for the addition of a third Scottish side, the newly re-established Scottish Borders.

    Surprisingly, the champions Leinster failed to make the quarter-final stage in 2003. In their absence, Munster went on to easily win the competition by beating Connacht 33–3 in the quarter-finals, Ulster 42–10 in the semi-finals, and Neath 37–17 in the final. The final of 2003 was played in Cardiff.[43]

    2003–04

    A major change in Celtic League philosophy came during the early part of 2003, partly due to the commercial success of the league itself but mostly because of the Welsh Regional Rugby's financial constraints that left Wales with only five fully professional clubs. It was decided that the Celtic League would become the sole professional league of the three countries, incorporating all four Irish, three Scottish and the five new Welsh regional sides (Cardiff Blues, Celtic Warriors, Llanelli Scarlets, Neath-Swansea Ospreys and Newport Gwent Dragons).

    Reformatted into a traditional league competition (double round-robin style, all clubs play each other twice, once home, once away), which meant that a season long 22-round match program was launched, and with a new strength in depth due to the amalgamation of Welsh teams and the continuing strengthening of Irish and Scottish teams through the re-signing and retention of star players, the league has been in rugby terms a success. Also introduced for the 2003–04 season was the Celtic Cup, a straight knock-out cup competition between the 12 Celtic League teams.

    However the unfortunate timing of the league's launch and poor organisation of a working calendar meant that first the 2003 Rugby World Cup and later the Six Nations Championship prevented many of the league's top stars from playing in over half the games. This caused the league to struggle commercially, especially regarding the newly adopted regions in Wales where the game has always traditionally been played on a club basis, not having the regional histories of Ireland or Scotland. The season ended with the Llanelli Scarlets running out as eventual winners, four points ahead of Ulster.[44]

    2004–05

    The liquidation of the Celtic Warriors region by the Welsh Rugby Union meant that the 2004–05 season would see eleven teams in the Celtic League with four Welsh teams. The new format took the league into what many saw as a make-or-break season, clear of massive distractions such as the Rugby World Cup. With the Welsh regions partly embedded, the signs were that the Celtic League would be a competition that could continue. It was suggested that Italian sides might join an expanded Celtic League, an idea that would eventually materialise in 2010.

    The league format was further refined at the end of the 2003–04 season, with the participants better managing the dates of the matches so as to not interfere with the national squad set-ups and to make the league more commercially viable. The league was played until April, and then the Celtic Cup was contested amongst the top eight teams.

    The 2004–05 season was the first season that Ireland agreed to use the Celtic League standings to determine which provinces would enter the Heineken Cup. The IRFU had previously classed Connacht as a "development" team and so nominated Leinster, Munster and Ulster over Connacht. The IRFU also insisted on International squad training sessions taking precedence over Celtic League matches, with Irish provinces (especially Munster and Leinster) occasionally fielding virtual second teams for Celtic League games. Some claimed this had the effect of devaluing the competition. However, despite this approach, Munster finished second and Leinster third, with Munster winning the Celtic Cup. The Ospreys topped the league table, making it two in a row for Welsh regional sides.[45]

    2005–06

    In 2005, there were discussions over a potential Anglo-Welsh Cup competition which some saw as undermining the Celtic League. Despite Welsh assurances that the proposed Anglo-Welsh tournament would not interfere with their commitments to either the Celtic League in its present format or an expanded 'Rainbow League', the WRU made arrangements to play games on five weekends that clashed with Celtic League fixtures. The SRU and IRFU then threatened to expel the Welsh sides from the Celtic League in June 2005. It was proposed that the competition would continue as a Scottish and Irish affair for the 2005–06 season, with the possible addition of four Italian sides and the re-admittance of Welsh sides for the 2006–07 season. However a deal was reached that allowed for the Celtic League to continue with the Anglo-Welsh cup fixtures involving Welsh clubs rescheduled.

    Despite these problems, the league enjoyed its most successful season, with the record attendance at a Celtic League match being broken four times, from 12,436 at the match between the Cardiff Blues and the Newport Gwent Dragons in December to 15,327 for the match between the Cardiff Blues and Leinster at the Millennium Stadium. The total attendances for the season were up nearly 50,000 at 571,331 compared to 521,449 for the previous season.

    The league went down to the last round with Ulster and Leinster both in contention. Following Leinster's victory over Edinburgh and with Ulster losing against the Ospreys, it looked like the cup would go to Dublin but David Humphreys kicked a last minute 40-metre drop goal to clinch the game and the league for Ulster.[46]

    2006–07

    In May 2006, Magners Irish Cider were named as the competition sponsors for the next five seasons, and the league was renamed as the Magners League. Although known as Bulmers Irish Cider in the Republic of Ireland, the Magners brand name was used there for the league.[47] The sponsorship followed on from Magners' previous sponsorship deals with Edinburgh and the London Wasps.

    The Scottish Rugby Union announced that the Borders territory would be disbanded from the end of the 2006–07 season. It may be revived when the Scottish Rugby Union debt decreases enough to make it financially viable along with a possible fourth Scottish territory (Four professional teams being the original plan for the SRU) with Falkirk, Stirling or a London-based team being possible locations; or even the Caledonia Reds, the forgotten Scottish region. In the meantime Scotland would have only two professional teams based in Edinburgh and Glasgow.[48]

    The league's record attendance was smashed in this season with a full house at Lansdowne Road (48,000) for Leinster v Ulster. This was the last game in the stadium prior to its demolition, and was billed as "The Last Stand".

    The league was won by the Ospreys on the final day of fixtures. The Blues' home win over Leinster allowed the Ospreys to top the league by a single point and take the title with an away win at Borders.[49]

    Ten teams (2007–2010)

    2007–08

    Only ten teams competed in the 2007–08 season, after the Borders were disbanded at the end of the 2006–07 season. Glasgow Warriors moved their home games to Firhill.[50] After missing out on the title on the last day for the previous two seasons, Leinster finally won the 2007–08 title with one game remaining. They had been runaway leaders for much of the season.[51]

    In April 2008 it was announced that the Celtic League was to introduce a play-off system commencing in the 2009–10 season to determine the winner, thus generating a greater climax to the season and bringing it in line with other major leagues such as the English Premiership and French Top 14.[52]

    2008–09

    The 2008–09 season was decided quite early in the season as Munster claimed the title without playing, as they were preparing for their Heineken Cup semi-final against Leinster. The final challenge from Ospreys was snuffed out when the Dragons denied them a bonus point win on 30 April. Munster had led pretty much from the start of the season with a team largely captained by Mick O'Driscoll showing Munster's squad depth. Munster lost only four games, three to the other Irish teams, including a double loss to Ulster. Felipe Contepomi finish as league top scorer for Leinster, the year they went on to win the Heineken Cup.

    2009–10

    The 2009–10 season was the last 10-team league as the Italian teams joined in 2010–11. The league was one of the most competitive in years with perennial wooden-spooners Connacht challenging Ulster all the way for the third Irish Heineken Cup spot. Ulster needed a superb away bonus point win at Edinburgh to seal it, ending Edinburgh's own play-off hopes. Scarlets had a disappointing campaign as typical Welsh underdogs the Dragons had a great season, eventually finishing mid table and comfortably qualifying for the Heineken Cup. Luckily for the Scarlets, Cardiff Blues won the Amlin Cup and thereby earned Wales an extra Heineken Cup place. 2009–10 was also the first time a play-off was used to decide the champion, previously the top team at the end of the season was champion. The Scottish teams and particularly Glasgow came of age and had a fine season, finishing 3rd in the end.

    The four qualifiers for the play-offs were Leinster, Ospreys, Glasgow and Munster in that order, each country having at least one team. In the semi-finals Leinster defeated Munster at the RDS,[53] after Ospreys overcame Glasgow in Swansea. In the grand final at the RDS in Dublin the Ospreys shocked Leinster, winning the title with their first win in Dublin in five years.[54]

    Expansion to Italy (2010–present)

    2010–11

    The 2010–11 saw the introduction of the two Italian sides, Aironi and Benetton Treviso. In the new 12 team format, the play-offs came down to Munster hosting the Ospreys in one semi-final, and Leinster hosting Ulster in the other.

    The two home sides went on to win their respective matches and the final was held in Thomond Park, home of Munster rugby, where they defeated Leinster (who had just been crowned champions of Europe a week earlier).

    2011–12

    The 2011–12 season saw a re-branding of the competition as the Rabo Direct Pro12. Leinster were the runaway winners of the regular season, with a 10-point cushion over the Ospreys in second.[55] The top four were Leinster, Ospreys, Munster and Warriors in that order. Ospreys easily overcame Munster at home in the first semi-final in Swansea[56] while Leinster beat the Glasgow Warriors in the RDS after giving up a strong lead.[57] In the final, also held at the RDS, Leinster were aiming to become the first Celtic League team to complete a domestic and European double, after beating Ulster the previous week in the Heineken Cup final. After trailing for most of the game, Ospreys took a late lead through a try by Shane Williams. Dan Biggar then landed a difficult conversion to give Ospreys their fourth title by a single point, 31–30.[58]

    After two years in the competition Aironi played their final match, as their licence to compete was revoked by the FIR for financial reasons.[59]

    2012–13

    With the demise of Aironi they were replaced with a new FIR controlled team to be based in Parma called Zebre, near the Aironi base in Viadana.[60] The Welsh clubs chose to operate under a new self-imposed salary cap, which led to a number of departures from the Welsh teams as they strove to balance their books.[61] Some high-profile Welsh players moved to the French Top 14, but other Pro12 teams also benefited with the likes of Casey Laulala going to Munster from Cardiff Blues, Sean Lamont to Glasgow from Scarlets, Dan Parks from Cardiff Blues to Connacht and Tommy Bowe from Ospreys back to Ulster.

    Ulster topped the table in the regular season, with Leinster, Glasgow and Scarlets completing the top 4 in that order. They then went on to comfortably beat Scarlets 28–17 in Belfast, while Leinster were hard pressed by Glasgow in a tense 17–15 win for the hosts. In the final (held in the R.D.S. due to redevelopment of Ravenhill) Leinster prevailed 24–18 to win their 3rd title.

    2013–14

    Rabo Direct announced that this was to be their last season as sponsors. This, combined with the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the future of the European Cup, meant that there were concerns over the future commercial viability of the tournament. However, despite all off-field issues it was a successful season with a new high for both total attendance and for a single game (51,700 for Leinster v Munster).

    In the end Leinster topped the table, having led for most of the season. Glasgow had a late surge to finish 2nd overtaking Munster and Ulster in the process. All four teams showed they were worthy contenders in the next round with Leinster needing to score late to beat Ulster 13–9 in Dublin while Glasgow just got past Munster in Scotstoun by one point to win 16–15. The final in the R.D.S. was also a close game for most of the match with Leinster forced to defend for long periods. However they eventually pulled clear, adding two late scores which made the final result look somewhat lopsided at 34–12.

    2014–15

    The RaboDirect title sponsor was replaced by Guinness.[62][63] With the Heineken Cup being replaced by the 20-team European Rugby Champions Cup in the 2014–15 season, the Pro12 table had a greater impact on qualification. Under the previous format, the Pro12 provided a minimum of ten teams, with Scotland and Italy providing two teams each, and Ireland and Wales both providing three. The new system saw a total of seven teams, with one place now being reserved for the highest finishing Pro12 team from each of four participating countries and three other qualifiers based solely on league position. The other teams were entered in the new second-tier competition, the European Rugby Challenge Cup.

    Leinster were the defending champions having beaten Glasgow Warriors in the previous season's playoff final, to become the first team in the league to successfully retain the trophy.[64] Leinster were unable to defend their title as they failed to qualify for the end-of-season playoffs for the top four teams after the regular season. Glasgow Warriors finished the regular season on top of the table, and were crowned champions for the first time, beating second seeded team Munster 31–13 in the final.[65][66][67] Thus, the Warriors became the first Scottish team to win a professional trophy, beating Edinburgh's appearance in the final of the 2014–15 European Rugby Challenge Cup.

    2015–16

    With the 2015 Rugby World Cup taking place during the opening months of the season, changes were made to the usual fixture schedule to minimise the effect on teams who released players to take part. The low number of games in the opening weeks of the season led to fixture congestion at the end of the tournament, with team playing a game every weekend for 16 weeks straight from October 2015 to January 2016, including European matches.

    As in the previous season, qualification to the Champions Cup was guaranteed to the top team from each country participating in the league, with the three highest placed team's not already qualified also earning a berth. Unlike in the previous season where the 20th tournament spot was decided by a play-off involving teams from the Pro12, France's Top 14 and the English Premiership, due to fixture congestion from the World Cup, the final spot in the tournament was reserved for the winner of the 2015 Challenge Cup if not already qualified.

    The delayed start to the season, and absence of established international players during international Test and Six Nations windows, arguably gave some advantage to 'lesser' teams, and Connacht, coached by Pat Lam, duly led the league for much of the season. Despite not ultimately finishing top of the league, they converted their form into a maiden championship title in the post-league play-off matches, including a home semi-final victory over reigning champions Glasgow Warriors, and the Pro12 Final against league-topping Leinster at the neutral venue of the BT Sport Murrayfield stadium in Edinburgh.

    2016–17

    Despite losing their first three matches, the Scarlets finished third in the league. In the semi-final, they beat Leinster 27–15 at the RDS Arena, before being league-topping Munster 46–22 at the Aviva Stadium. Scarlets wing Steffan Evans ended up as the league's top try scorer with 11 tries.

    Global Expansion (2017)


    2017–18

    There are big changes this season with the addition of two South African teams. The 14 teams will be split into two conferences with seven teams in each. Teams will play each team in their own conference twice and each team in the other conference once. The team that finishes top in each conference qualifies for the semi-finals, while the teams that finish second and third in each conference qualifies for the quarter-finals.

    Results

    By year

    By championship wins

    Team Titles Years Runners-up Years runners-up
    Ireland Leinster 4 2001–02, 2007–08, 2012–13, 2013–14 5 2005–06, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16
    Wales Ospreys 4 2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12 0
    Ireland Munster 3 2002–03, 2008–09, 2010–11 4 2001–02, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2016–17
    Wales Scarlets 2 2003–04, 2016–17 0
    Ireland Ulster 1 2005–06 2 2003–04, 2012–13
    Scotland Glasgow Warriors 1 2014–15 1 2013–14
    Ireland Connacht 1 2015–16 0
    Wales Cardiff Blues 0 2 2006–07, 2007–08
    Scotland Edinburgh 0 1 2008–09
    Wales Neath 0 1 2002–03

    By country

    Country Titles Teams Runners-up Teams
    Ireland Ireland 9 Leinster (4), Munster (3), Ulster (1), Connacht (1) 11 Leinster (5), Munster (4), Ulster (2)
    Wales Wales 6 Ospreys (4), Scarlets (2) 3 Cardiff Blues (2), Neath (1)
    Scotland Scotland 1 Glasgow Warriors (1) 2 Edinburgh (1), Glasgow Warriors (1)
    Italy Italy 0 0
    South Africa South Africa 0 0

    Player of the year

    Player statistics

    Career

    Season

    Attendance

    Season Total Average Highest
    2001–02 252,213 4,504 30,000 (Leinster v Munster, Final, 15 December 2001)[72][n 1]
    2002–03 308,374 4,895 30,076 (Munster v Neath, Final, 1 February 2003)[73][n 2]
    2003–04 501,875 3,802 12,000 (Ulster v Leinster, Round 21, 7 May 2004)[74][n 3]
    2004–05 470,446 4,277 10,500 (Dragons v Cardiff Blues, Round 13, 27 December 2004)[75]
    2005–06 571,331 5,194 15,327 (Cardiff Blues v Leinster, Round 16, 14 May 2006)[76]
    2006–07 661,163 6,011 48,000 (Leinster v Ulster, Round 12, 31 December 2006)[77][n 4]
    2007–08 609,015 6,767 18,500 (Leinster v Munster, Round 15, 12 April 2008)[79]
    2008–09 731,328 8,126 26,043 (Munster v Leinster, Connacht and Ospreys in Rounds 15, 16 and 18)[80]
    2009–10 818,181 8,798 25,623 (Munster v Leinster, Round 15, 2 April 2010)[81]
    2010–11 1,019,634 7,553 50,645 (Leinster v Munster, Round 5, 2 October 2010)[82][n 5][n 6]
    2011–12 1,042,374 7,721 48,365 (Leinster v Munster, Round 8, 4 November 2011)[84]
    2012–13 1,106,873 8,199 46,280 (Leinster v Munster, Round 6, 6 October 2012)[85]
    2013–14 1,107,707 8,205 51,700 (Leinster v Munster, Round 18, 29 March 2014)[86]
    2014–15 1,159,127 8,586 52,762 (Cardiff Blues v Ospreys / Dragons v Scarlets, Round 20, 25 April 2015)[87][n 7]
    2015–16 1,144,802 8,480 68,262 (Cardiff Blues v Ospreys / Dragons v Scarlets, Round 21, 30 April 2016)[88][n 7][n 8]
    1. ↑ Figures for 2001–02 are incomplete.
    2. ↑ Figures for 2002–03 are incomplete.
    3. ↑ The 2003–04 season was the first that did not include a knockout stage so no show-piece final and hence a decline in average attendance.
    4. ↑ This was the final rugby match at Lansdowne Road before it was redeveloped as the Aviva Stadium.[78]
    5. ↑ The first senior match to take place at the Aviva Stadium.[83]
    6. ↑ The decline in average attendance following the 2009–10 season coincided with the entry of two Italian teams into the Pro12.
    7. 1 2 These matches comprised the annual Judgement Day double-header at the Millennium Stadium.
    8. ↑ Record match attendance in league history.

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 "Guinness Confirmed as pro12 sponsor". The Score. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
    2. ↑ (Irish: An tSraith Cheilteach; Italian: La Lega Celtica; Scots Gaelic: An Lìog Cheilteach; Welsh: Y Gynghrair Geltaidd) "Y Gynghrair Geltaidd" (in Welsh). BBC Chwaraeon. 28 September 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    3. ↑ "Magners to end six-year Celtic League backing". BBC News. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    4. ↑ "Celtic League to be called PRO 12 as new sponsor unveiled". WalesOnline. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
    5. ↑ "Magners set to bring in play-offs". BBC Sport. 11 April 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    6. ↑ "Celtic Rugby set for new heights". magnersleague.com. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
    7. ↑ "RTÉ secures Magners League rights – RTÉ Sport". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 20 August 2010. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    8. ↑ "The Rugby Channel". http://www.therugbychannel.tv. Retrieved 15 December 2016. External link in |website= (help)
    9. ↑ "New broadcast partner for RaboDirect Pro12". Sportspromedia.com. 30 June 2012.
    10. ↑ Clutton, Graham (9 June 2010). "Celtic Rugby secure improved broadcast deal for Magners League coverage". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
    11. ↑ "RaboDirect Pro12 games to be shown on Sky Sports from 2014". Sky Sports. skysports.com. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
    12. ↑ "Treviso in Celtic League Praetorians Roma bocciati". la Repubblica. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
    13. ↑ "Italians may join Magners League". BBC Sport. 5 December 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
    14. ↑ "Italy confirm Magners League move". BBC Sport. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
    15. ↑ "Italians pick Celtic League teams". BBC Sport. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
    16. ↑ "Il Veneto in Celtic League, Roma fuori" (in Italian). Rugby Veneto. 2 September 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
    17. ↑ "COMUNICATO STAMPA FIR SULLA CELTIC LEAGUE" (in Italian). FIR. 28 January 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
    18. ↑ "Italian entry to competition now unlikely". The Irish Times. 29 January 2010.
    19. ↑ "Italians will not join Magners League". The Irish Times. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
    20. ↑ Fanning, Brendan (7 February 2010). "Italians up offer to join Magners party". Irish Independent. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
    21. ↑ "Italians added to Magners League". The Irish Times. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    22. ↑ "Italian side Aironi to pull out of Pro12 after their licence is revoked". BBC Sport. 6 April 2012.
    23. ↑ "Zebras join RaboDirect herd". Sky Sports News. 5 July 2012.
    24. ↑ "Scottish union axes Borders team". BBC News. 27 March 2007.
    25. ↑ Kirkup, Jonny (5 February 2008). "Italian Celts – Non Starter". WalesOnline. Media Wales. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    26. ↑ Glover, Tim (17 December 2006). "How Italy became Europe's fall guys". The Independent on Sunday. London. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    27. ↑ "Rugby Union: Major Organisations". Talkrugbyunion.co.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    28. 1 2 3 Smith, Wayne (17 February 2009). "South Africa threatens to quit Super 14". The Australian. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
    29. ↑ "Celtic nations in new Rainbow Cup". BBC Sport. 10 May 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    30. ↑ "London Welsh keen on Celtic move". BBC Sport. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    31. ↑ "SA Rugby denies Magners League link" (Press release). South African Rugby Union. 17 February 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
    32. ↑ Cummiskey, Gavin (16 July 2016). "Pro 12 looking at North America franchise as part of expansion". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
    33. ↑ Rees, Paul (23 August 2016). "Pro12 in talks over North American teams joining expanded league". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
    34. ↑ Pengelly, Martin (2 September 2016). "Pro12 North American plan could jeopardise US PRO Rugby league". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
    35. ↑ Smith, Wayne (21 April 2017). "South Africa explores sending axed Super teams to Europe’s Pro12". The Australian. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
    36. ↑ Lyall, Jamie (1 June 2017). "Pro12: South African side Cheetahs receive invitation to join league". BBC Scotland. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
    37. ↑ Lloyd, Matt; Griffiths, Gareth (30 June 2017). "South African sides Cheetahs and Southern Kings set to join Pro12". BBC Sport Wales. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
    38. ↑ "Pro12: Cheetahs and Southern Kings' entry to be confirmed next week". BBC Sport. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
    39. ↑ "Cheetahs, Kings set to be unveiled in Pro 12 - reports". SBS. Reuters. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
    40. ↑ Competition Rule 3.5 "Summary of Key Rules". Pro12. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
    41. ↑ "Champions Cup Qualification". EPC Rugby. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
    42. ↑ "Leinster win Irish battle". BBC Sport. 15 December 2001. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    43. ↑ "Munster seize Celtic crown". BBC Sport. 1 February 2003. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    44. ↑ "Scarlets 23–16 Ulster". BBC Sport. 14 May 2004. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    45. ↑ "Ospreys 29–12 Edinburgh". BBC Sport. 26 March 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    46. ↑ "Ospreys 17–19 Ulster". BBC Sport. 26 May 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    47. ↑ Hurst, Greg (20 July 2006). "Magners ends drought by sponsoring Celtic League". The Times. London. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
    48. ↑ "Edinburgh hit out at Borders loss". BBC Sport. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
    49. ↑ "Border Reivers 16–24 Ospreys". BBC Sport. 12 May 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
    50. ↑ "Warriors look to create fortress at Firhill". magnersleague.com. 12 June 2007. Archived from the original on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
    51. ↑ "Six of the Best As Leinster Secure Magners League Title". magnersleague.com. 3 May 2008. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
    52. ↑ Magners set to bring in play-offs BBC Sport, 11 April 2008
    53. ↑ "Leinster 16–6 Munster: As it happened – RTÉ Sport 2011". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 15 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    54. ↑ Byrne makes Leinster pay price for sloppy showing – Independent.ie
    55. ↑ "Rugby Union Tournaments | Tables". Planet Rugby. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    56. ↑ "Munster hammered by Ospreys". The Irish Times. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
    57. ↑ "Leinster injuries cast cloud over victory". The Irish Times. 14 May 2012.
    58. ↑ "Williams try sets up last-gasp, one-point Ospreys win over Leinster". Irish Examiner. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    59. ↑ "Tournaments | Aironi". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    60. ↑ "Tournaments | Aironi". Planet Rugby. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    61. ↑ "Ins & outs at the Welsh regions". BBC. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
    62. ↑ "RaboDirect to pull sponsorship of Pro12". The Score. 23 August 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
    63. ↑ "Pro12: Guinness named as league's new sponsor". BBC. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
    64. ↑ "Leinster retain Pro12 title in fine style". RTÉ Sport. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
    65. ↑ "Glasgow Warriors 31-13 Munster". BBC Sport. BBC. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
    66. ↑ "Glasgow Warriors defeated Munster 31-13 to claim victory in the Pro12". Sky Sports. BSkyB. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
    67. ↑ Mulligan, Richard (30 May 2015). "Glasgow Warriors clinch first PRO12 title with 31-13 victory over Munster at Kingspan Stadium". The News Letter. Johnston Publishing. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
    68. ↑ "Ruan Pienaar picks up Ulster Player of the Year award", BBC Sport, 11 May 2011.
    69. ↑ "Nick Williams named PRO12 Player of the Year", RTÉ Sport, 6 May 2013.
    70. ↑ "Connacht dominate Pro12 awards as Bundee Aki and Pat Lam win main honours". BBC Sport. 8 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
    71. ↑ "Newstalk 7th May 2017".
    72. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2001–02". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    73. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2002–03". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    74. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2003–04". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    75. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2004–05". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    76. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2005–06". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    77. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2006–07". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    78. ↑ "Leinster win The Last Stand at Lansdowne". breakingnews.ie. 31 December 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    79. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2007–08". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    80. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2008–09". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    81. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2009–10". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    82. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2010–11". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    83. ↑ "Leinster overcome Munster in front of record crowd". RaboDirect PRO12. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    84. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2011–12". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    85. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2012–13". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    86. ↑ "RaboDirect PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2013–14". RaboDirect PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
    87. ↑ "Guinness PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2014–15". Guinness PRO12. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
    88. ↑ "Guinness PRO12 Fixtures & Results 2015–16". Guinness PRO12. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
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