Rabinal Achí

The Rabinal Achí is a Maya theatrical play written in the K'iche' language[1] and performed annually in Rabinal, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Its original name is Xajoj Tun, meaning "Trumpet Dance".[2] Rabinal Achí is a dynastic Maya drama from the fifteenth century and the only example of pre-Columbian Maya theatre known to have survived to the present day.[3] It comprises myths of origin and addresses popular and political subjects concerning the inhabitants of the region of Rabinal, expressed through masked dance, theatre, and music. The music is played on a wooden slit-drum and two trumpets or shawms. The drama was translated into French by Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, from an Achi narration of the cofrade Bartolo Sis in 1856.

The oral and written narrative is presented by a group of characters, who appear on a stage representing Maya villages, especially Kajyub’, the regional capital of the Rabinaleb’ in the fourteenth century. The drama, divided into four acts, deals with a conflict between two major political entities in the region, the Rabinaleb’ and the K’iche’.

The main characters are two princes, the Rabinal Achí or prince of Rabinal, and the K’iche Achí or prince of the K'iche'. The other characters are the king of Rabinaleb’, Job’Toj, and his servant, Achij Mun; Ixoq Mun, who has both male and female traits; the green-feathered mother, Uchuch Q’uq’, Uchuch Raxon; and thirteen eagles and thirteen jaguars who represent the warriors of the fortress of Kajyub’. K’iche’ Achí is captured and put on trial for having attempted to steal Rabinaleb’ children, a grave violation of Maya Law.

Since colonization in the sixteenth century, the Rabinal Achí dance has been performed on Saint Paul’s day on 25 January.[4] The festival is co-ordinated by members of cofradías, local brotherhoods responsible for running the community. By taking part in the dance, the living enter into "contact" with the dead, the rajawales, ancestors represented by masks. For the Achis of modern-day Rabinal, recalling their ancestors is not just about perpetuating the heritage of the past. It is also a vision of the future, since one day the living will join their ancestors.

In 2005, the dance drama from Rabinal was declared one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

Notes

  1. ↑ Akkeren 1999, p. 281.
  2. ↑ Dennis Tedlock, Rabinal Achi, p. 200
  3. ↑ The Mayas of the Classical Period. Milano, Italy: Jaca Book. 1999. p. 230. ISBN 881669002X.
  4. ↑ UNESCO page on the Rabinal Achí

References

Akkeren, Ruud van (July 1999). "Sacrifice at the Maize Tree: Rab'inal Achi in its historical and symbolic context". Ancient Mesoamerica. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press. 10 (2): 281–295. ISSN 0956-5361. OCLC 364022517. doi:10.1017/s0956536199102104.  (subscription required)
Akkeren, Ruud van (2000). Place of the Lord's Daughter. Rab'inal, its history, its dance-drama. Leiden: CNWS. 
Lehnhoff, Dieter (2005). Creación musical en Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala: Editorial Galería Guatemala. pp. 180–84. ISBN 99922-704-7-0. 
Tedlock, Dennis (2003). Rabinal Achi. A Mayan Drama of War and Sacrifice. Oxford. 

Further reading

Howell, Mark (2007). "Possible Prehispanic Music Survivals in the "Rab'inal Achi"". The World of Music. VWB - Verlag für Wissenschaft und Bildung. 49 (2, Music Archaeology: Mesoamerica): 105–138. JSTOR 4169968.  (subscription required)
Yurchenko, Henrietta (1990). "El Rabinal Achí, un drama del siglo XII de los mayas-quichés de Guatemala". Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala. LXIV: 169–182. ISSN 0252-337X. 
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