Ribonuclease III

Ribonuclease III domain

Ribonuclease III structure interacting with double stranded RNA.
Identifiers
Symbol RNase_III
Pfam PF00636
InterPro IPR000999
PROSITE PDOC00448
SCOP 1jfz
SUPERFAMILY 1jfz

Ribonuclease III (RNase III or RNase C)[1](BRENDA 3.1.26.3) is a type of ribonuclease that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves it at specific targeted locations to transform them into mature RNAs.[2] These enzymes are a group of endoribonucleases that are characterized by their ribonuclease domain, which is labelled the RNase III domain.[3] They are ubiquitous compounds in the cell and play a major role in pathways such as RNA precursor synthesis, RNA Silencing, and the pnp autoregulatory mechanism.[4][5]

Types of RNase III

Within the RNase III superfamily, there are four known classes: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each class is defined by both its functional and structural differences.

Class 1 RNase III

Class I ribonuclease III (Rnt1p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with double-stranded RNA
Yeast nucleases with the Class 1 RNase III domain:[7]
RNT1 (UniProtKB Q02555) - S. cerevisiae - this RNase III is involved in the transcription and processing of rDNA, the 3' end formation of U2 snRNA via cleavage of the terminal loop, cell wall stress response and degradation, and regulation of morphogenesis checkpoint genes.[8]
Pac1 (UniProtKB P22192) - S. pombe - this RNase III is located on chromosome II of the yeast nuclease and when over expressed, is directly involved in the sterility, lack of mating efficiency, abnormal mitotic cell cycle, and mutation suppression of the organism.[9]
Rnc (UniProtKB P0A7Y0) - E.Coli - this RNase III is involved in the processing of viral transcripts and some mRNAs through the cleavage of multiple areas on the dsRNA. This cleavage can be influenced by ribosomal protein presence.[10]

Class 2 RNase III

The crystal structure of the human Drosha ribonuclease enzyme in complex with two C-terminal helices of the DGCR8 protein.

Class 3 RNase III

Class 4 RNase III

Human proteins containing RNase III domain

See also

References

  1. Filippov, Valery; Solovyev, Victor; Filippova, Maria; Gill, Sarjeet S. (7 March 2000). "A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes". Gene. 245 (1): 213–221. PMID 10713462. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00571-5.
  2. Zamore, Phollip D. (December 2001). "Thirty-Three Years Later, a Glimpse at the Ribonuclease III Active Site". Molecular Cell. 8 (6): 1158–1160. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00418-X.
  3. Conrad, Christian; Rauhut, Reinhard (February 2002). "Ribonuclease III: new sense from nuisance". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 34 (2): 116–129. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00112-1.
  4. Inada, T.; Nakamura, Y. (1995). "Lethal double-stranded RNA processing activity of ribonuclease III in the absence of SuhB protein of Escherichia coli". Biochimie. 77 (4): 294–302. doi:10.1016/0300-9084(96)88139-9.
  5. Park, Hongmarn; Yakhnin, Helen; Connolly, Michael; Romeo, Tony; Babitzke, Paul; Gourse, R. L. (15 December 2015). "CsrA Participates in a PNPase Autoregulatory Mechanism by Selectively Repressing Translation of Transcripts That Have Been Previously Processed by RNase III and PNPase". Journal of Bacteriology. 197 (24): 3751–3759. PMC 4652041Freely accessible. PMID 26438818. doi:10.1128/JB.00721-15.
  6. Kreuze, Jan F.; Savenkov, Eugene I.; Cuellar, Wilmer; Li, Xiangdong; Valkonen, Jari P. T. (1 June 2005). "Viral Class 1 RNase III Involved in Suppression of RNA Silencing". Journal of Virology. 79 (11): 7227–7238. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 1112141Freely accessible. PMID 15890961. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.11.7227-7238.2005. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  7. Wu, Chang-Xian; Xu, Xian-Jin; Zheng, Ke; Liu, Fang; Yang, Xu-Dong; Chen, Chuang-Fu; Chen, Huan-Chun; Liu, Zheng-Fei (1 April 2016). "Characterization of ribonuclease III from Brucella". Gene. 579 (2): 183–192. PMID 26778206. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.068.
  8. "RNT1/YMR239C Overview". www.yeastgenome.org. Stanford University. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  9. "pac1 (SPBC119.11c)". www.pombase.org. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  10. "rnc - Ribonuclease 3 - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - rnc gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. UniProt Consortium. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  11. Filippov V, Solovyev V, Filippova M, Gill SS (Mar 2000). "A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes". Gene. 245 (1): 213–221. PMID 10713462. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00571-5.
  12. Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM, Hannon GJ (2001). "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference". Nature. 409 (6818): 363–6. PMID 11201747. doi:10.1038/35053110.
  13. Rojas, Hernán; Floyd, Brice; Morriss, Stephanie C.; Bassham, Diane; MacIntosh, Gustavo C.; Goldraij, Ariel (1 July 2015). "NnSR1, a class III non-S-RNase specifically induced in Nicotiana alata under phosphate deficiency, is localized in endoplasmic reticulum compartments". Plant Science. 236: 250–259. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.012. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  14. 1 2 MacRae, Ian J; Doudna, Jennifer A (February 2007). "Ribonuclease revisited: structural insights into ribonuclease III family enzymes". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 17 (1): 138–145. PMID 17194582. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2006.12.002.
  15. Redko, Yulia; Bechhofer, David H.; Condon, Ciarán (June 2008). "Mini-III, an unusual member of the RNase III family of enzymes, catalyses 23S ribosomal RNA maturation in B. subtilis". Molecular Microbiology. 68 (5): 1096–1106. PMID 18363798. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06207.x.
  16. Nicholson, Allen W. (January 2014). "Ribonuclease III mechanisms of double-stranded RNA cleavage". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA. 5 (1): 31–48. doi:10.1002/wrna.1195.
  17. Glow, D.; Pianka, D.; Sulej, A. A.; Kozlowski, Lukasz P.; Czarnecka, J.; Chojnowski, G.; Skowronek, K. J.; Bujnicki, J. M. (2015). "Sequence-specific cleavage of dsRNA by Mini-III RNase". Nucleic Acids Research. 43 (5): 2864–2873. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 4357697Freely accessible. PMID 25634891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv009.
  18. "Tissue expression of DICER1 - Summary". www.proteinatlas.org. The Human Protein Atlas. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  19. "Tissue expression of DROSHA - Summary". www.proteinatlas.org. The Human Protein Atlas. Retrieved 5 November 2016.

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