Quilapayún

Quilapayún
Origin Santiago, Chile
Genres Nueva Canción Chilena
Years active 1965–present
Labels EMI-Odeon, Picap, Warner Music
Associated acts Violeta Parra, Víctor Jara,
Inti-illimani, Ángel Parra, Isabel Parra, Luis Advis, Sergio Ortega, Pablo Neruda, Patricio Manns, Illapu, Daniel Viglietti, Atahualpa Yupanqui, Paloma San Basilio, Jean-Louis Barrault, Julio Cortázar
Website Quilapayún Website
Members

Principal members:
Eduardo Carrasco
Rodolfo Parada
Guillermo Oddó (b. 1943-d.1991)
Patricio Castillo
Carlos Quezada
Hugo Lagos
Hernán Gomez
Patricio Wang
Ruben Escudero
Other members:
Julio Numhauser, Julio Carrasco, Guillermo García
Ricardo Venegas, Sebastian Quezada, Ismael Oddó
Alvaro Pinto, Chañaral Ortega,

Sergio Arriagada, Mario Contreras.

Quilapayún (Spanish pronunciation: [kilapaˈʝun]) are a folk music group from Chile and among the longest lasting and most influential ambassadors of the Nueva Canción Chilena movement and genre. Formed during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution that occurred in the popular music of the country under the Popular Unity Government of Salvador Allende. Since its formation and during its forty-year history - both in Chile and during its lengthy period of exile in France - the group has seen modifications to its personnel lineup and the subject and content of its work. Controversy regarding irreconcilable differences with the current and former group directors led to the division into two distinctive Quilapayún ensembles; one in Chile (Quilapayún-Histórico) and one in France (Quilapayún-France).

History

Official Quilapayún logo

Quilapayún originated in 1965 when Julio Numhauser and the brothers Julio and Eduardo Carrasco formed a folk music trio, which they simply called "the three bearded men" (viz. Quila-Payún) in the Mapuche language (viz. Mapudungun – the language of the people native to the region that is now the south of Chile, the Araucanians). Their first public performances were at the Universidad de Chile in Valparaíso, organized by their first musical director, Ángel Parra (son of Violeta Parra).

In 1966 the group won notice for its Andean music as well as the members' black ponchos, which became the group's trademark. During this time they won their first prize, La Guitarra de Oro (The Golden Guitar) in the Primer Festival Nacional del Folkore "Chile Múltiple" (First National Festival of Folklore). They also made their first recording, appearing in one song of Ángel Parra, "El Pueblo" ("The People").

At a 1966 performance in Valparaíso, the group met with Víctor Jara, with whom the group maintained a close and productive artistic association for many years. At the request of the group, Jara became Quilapayún's musical director and worked on the group's discipline and stage performances, and the style and content of the music. Jara presented them to the record label Odeon Records, where they recorded five LPs. Their first album, Quilapayún, was basically an Andean music album, but included songs of Ángel Parra, Víctor Jara and new compositions of Eduardo Carrasco such as "La Paloma" and "El canto del cuculi".

Bourgeois society wants art to be another factor contributing to social alienation, we artists should transform it into a revolutionary weapon, until the contradiction that actually exists between art and society finally comes to pass.

This surpassing is called revolution and its motor and fundamental agent is the working class. Our group, loyal to the ideals of Luis Emilio Recabarren, sees its work as a continuation of what has already been achieved by many other popular/folk artists.

This side of the trenches has been occupied by artists whose names are forever linked to the revolutionary struggle of our people: the first Luis Emilio Recabarren, the latest: Violeta Parra and Pablo Neruda. The example they have given us is the light that guides us.

— Quilapayún (1969)[1]

In 1967 Quilapayún recorded an album together with Víctor Jara, Canciones folklóricas de América (Folk Songs of America). During this time Julio Numhauser left the group over disputes over the group's style of music, and was replaced by Guillermo "Willy" Oddó. During 1967 they also toured the USSR, Italy, France and other parts of Europe, and recorded an LP with the Chilean painter and poet Juan Capra.

In 1968, Quilapayún participated in the launch of a new record label of La Jota (Chile's Communist Party Youth Organization). To the surprise of many commercial record labels, their LP X Vietnam, which included songs from the Spanish Revolution, became a nationwide success. This album established the group's thematic and aesthetics, and created great interest and a following among progressive youth. From the success of this album the label DICAP (Discoteca del Cantar Popular) appeared, which became the springboard of the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement. DICAP recorded up to 60 musical productions until the military coup of September 11, 1973, which banned and literally destroyed the record label.

During 1968 Julio Carrasco left the group for political differences, and was replaced by Hernan Gomez. At that time they performed at various universities, and made, with Victor Jara, their first two-hour show during two days in Santiago, which was a tremendous success.

In 1969 they recorded the ‘Basta’ LP, which included an eclectic and highly political collection of songs from different parts of the world, establishing the fundamental element of the New Chilean Song: its Internationalism. This album was released with a lengthy statement by the group about the nature of their work and their commitment to the socialist cause. Rodolfo Parada joined the group at this time.

In 1969 they also appeared supporting Víctor Jara in his album, Pongo en tus manos abiertas (Into your open hands) in songs such as "A Cochabamba Me Voy", "El Martillo" and "Movil Oil Special". They also joined Jara at the Primer Festival de la Nueva Cancion Chilena (First Festival of the New Chilean Song), where they jointly interpreted ‘Plegaria a un Labrador’ (Prayer to a Laborer), which won the festival award. But after three years Víctor Jara and Quilapayún took different paths, and Eduardo Carrasco became the group's director.

Quilapayún was forced into exile in France after the right-wing military coup of 1973. The group settled in the city of Colombes, France, for more than 15 years.

Their major works include Santa María de Iquique (1970), an album of spoken history, songs, and instrumentals about a notorious massacre in the city of Iquique, and the song "El pueblo unido jamás será vencido" ("The people, united, will never be defeated"), with lyrics by Quilapayún and music by famed Chilean songwriter and playwright Sergio Ortega.

The group splits into two

Quilapayún's path has been marked by internal issues over the years, with some members leaving and others taking their place. In 1987 Willy Oddo, its most charismatic member decides to leave France to be closer to Chile. He choose to live in Argentina. In October 1988, Pinochet was overthrown by a referendum. So, after 15 years exile Quilapayun could return to Chile and realized tours in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1992. In 1989 Eduardo Carrasco return to Chile while most of the group continued to live in France and performing around the world. In November 1991 Willy Oddo was murdered by an offender in Santiago.

After Rudolfo Parada registered the name "Quilapayún" without the authorization of the other members, other historic members refused to continue with Parada and Wang, resulting in the group splitting into two, both claiming the name and legacy of Quilapayún, and leading to subsequent litigation. The Chile-based historic faction is celebrating the group's 40 year anniversary performing concerts in Chile, Latin America and Europe, together with the "historic" version of Inti-Illimani, another important Chilean group. These joint concerts have been advertised and promoted as Inti+Quila. The current "historic" lineup includes Eduardo Carrasco, Rubén Escudero, Ricardo Venegas, Guillermo García, Ismael Oddó (son of Guillermo "Willy" Oddó), Hugo Lagos, Hernán Gómez, Carlos Quezada and Sebastián Quezada (son of Carlos).

On December 5, 2007, the Court of Appeal of Paris forbade Parada and Wang’s group "from making use of the name QUILAPAYÚN, subject to a fine of 10 000 euros per infringement". (Ref. www.legifrance.gouv.fr > Recherce simple> Juridiction d’appel/06/22447). This judgement was confirmed by the Highest Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation de Paris) on the June 11th, 2009. (Ref. www.legifrance.gouv.fr >Recherche simple>Juridiction de cassation/08-12063).

In 2015 the band's career reached its fiftieth year and both factions celebrate this anniversary. Parada’s group realize three big shows at the end August in Santiago, together with other well-known Chilean artists while the “historic” faction made a big concert in front of Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago and announced several other anniversary concerts in Chile, Colombia and Spain on its web site www.quilapayun.com .

In November 2015, the Chilean trademark conflict ends, since the Instituto Nacional de Patentes Industriales (INAPI), after a thirteen years process gives the exclusive right for using the mark “Quilapayun” to the group headed by Carrasco. (Ref. http://ion.inapi.cl:8080/Marca/BuscarMarca.aspx Register number: 1185441).

Notable members

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilations

References and other sources

  1. ↑ Part of a statement that appeared on the Italian edition of Quilapayún's album Basta in 1974 - that was originally released in Chile in 1969.

Resources in Spanish

Resources in English

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