Queensland Open

Queensland Open
Defunct tennis tournament
Event name	Queensland Open
Tour	Pre open era (1888-1967) Grand Prix circuit (1970-92) WTA Tour (1973-94)
Founded	1888
Abolished	1994
Editions	91
Location	Brisbane, Australia
Surface	Outdoor Grass court Indoor Hard Court

The Queensland Open ^[1] originally called the Queensland Championships ^[2] and also known as the Queensland Lawn Tennis Championships ^[3] and the Queensland State Championships was a tennis tournament played in Brisbane, Australia from 1888-1994. The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and WTA Tour and was played originally on outdoor grass courts then outdoor and indoor hard courts.

History

The Queensland Championships were first played on grass until 1967, the Queensland Open continued on grass courts until 1982 between 1987-1988 it switched to indoor hard courts from 1989 to 1991 it was then played on outdoor hard courts before returning to indoor hard courts until the tournament ceased. The tournament was hosted at various venues over the course of its history first at the Toowong Sports Ground (1888, 1891-1893), the Breakfast Greet Sports Ground (1889-1890), the Brisbane Exhibition Grounds (1894-1896), the Woolloongabba Cricket Ground Cricket (1897,99 1900-04, 1907,08), the Auchenflower Ground 1904-1915) before settling in a permanent base at the Milton Courts tennis centre from (1919-1994). The tournament featured men's and women's singles and doubles competition as well as mixed doubles events the tournament survived for a period of 106 years, the tennis center was closed in 1997 due to heavy financial losses by Tennis Queensland.

Champions

Men's singles

Notes: * The 1923 edition of the men's singles event was combined with the 1923 Australasian Championships.

Year	Champions	Runners-up	Score
1888^[4]	Arthur. R. Taylor	H. De Winton	12–4
1889	E. P. Hudson	A. R. Taylor	3–6, 8–6, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1890	A. R. Taylor	E. P. Hudson	6–3, 6–4, 6–0
1891	A. R. Taylor	Peter B. Mc Gregor	6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 5–6, 6–2
1892^[5]	Peter B. Mc Gregor	John E. Gilligan	8–10, 6–4, 6–3, 6–4
1893	E. Hutton	John E. Gilligan	6–1, 6–4, 6–3
1894	John E. Gilligan	Russell R. Love	6–1, 6–3, 5–7, 6–2
1895	Samuel H. Hughes	John E. Gilligan	6–2, 6–2, 8–6
1896^[6]	Albert Curtis	Samuel H. Hughes	4–6, 6–2, 6–8, 6–2, 6–3
1897	F. A. Waller	Ernest L. Newman	6–1, 4–6, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1898	Eric Pockley	F. A. Waller	7–5, 6–4, 6–3
1899	Les Poidevin	Ernest L. Newman	6–3, 6–0, 6–2
1900^[7]	Les Poidevin	H.B. Rowlands	6–2, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2
1901	Horace Rice	Edward R. Crouch	6–1, 6–1, 6–0
1902	H.B. Rowlands	Edwin W. Fowles	6–4, 4–6, 7–5, 6–2
1903	John N. Griffiths	George S. Crouch	8–6, 6–1, 6–2
1904^[8]	Stanley Doust	Gordon W. Wright	walkover
1905	Stanley Doust	Henry M.Marsh	3–6, 8–6, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1906	Harry Parker	Stanley Doust	6–3, 6–2, 6–1
1907^[9]	Horace Rice	Harry Parker	?
1909	Harry Parker	Stanley Doust	6–2, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1909	Macauley Turner	Bert St. John	6–4, 7–5, 6–3
1910	Harry Parker	Macauley Turner	6–2, 6–1, 6–1
1911	Horace Rice	Harry Parker	4–6, 9–7, 6–2, 6–1
1912^[10]	Horace Rice	Alfred Jones	6–1, 6–1, 6–3
1913^[11]	Lindsay D. Todd	Clarence Todd	walkover
1914	Clarence Todd	T. W. Clark	7–5, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4
1915	Gordon Lowe	Horace Rice	4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4
1916–18	Not held (due to world war one)
1919	Bert St. John	Horace Rice	5–7, 7–5, 7–5, 7–5
1920	Bert St. John	Edward Jordan	2–6, 6–1, 6–3, 9–7
1921	Jack N. Radcliffe	Edward Jordan	10–8, 6–4, 6–1
1922	Horace Rice	R. G. Spencer	6–8 6–4, 6–4, 6–1
1923^[12]	Pat O'Hara Wood	Bert St. John	6–1, 6–1, 6–3 *
1924	Jack Cummings	Edgar Moon	6–4, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4
1925	Pat O'Hara Wood	Jack Cummings	6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2
1926	Jack Cummings	Edgar Moon	3–6, 6–3, 6–0, 6–0
1927	Jack Crawford	Fred Kalms	9–7, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4
1928	James Willard	Richard Schlesinger	6–1, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1929	Jack Crawford	Edgar Moon	6–1, 8–6, 6–1
1930	Jack Cummings	Roy Dunlop	6–0, 6–2, 6–2
1931	Jack Crawford	Harry Hopman	6–4, 6–4,7–5
1932	Edgar Moon	Vivian McGrath	7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1933	Adrian Quist	Jack Crawford	6–2, 2–6, 4–6, 12–10, 6–3
1934^[13]	Jack Crawford	Adrian Quist	6–2, 6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 9–7
1935^[14]	John Bromwich	G. Tait	6–1, 6–3, 6–0
1936	Vivian McGrath	John Bromwich	6–2, 7–5, 6–2
1937^[15]	John Bromwich	Vivian McGrath	6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1938^[16]	John Bromwich	James Gilchrist	4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1939	John Bromwich	James Gilchrist	6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1940	Adrian Quist	Jack Crawford	6–4, 8–6, 7–5
1941	John Bromwich	Jack Crawford	6–4, 6–8, 4–6, 6–4, 6–3
1942–45	Not held (due to world war two)
1946	Bill Sidwell	Lionel Brodie	7–9, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–0
1947	Adrian Quist	James Gilchrist	6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1948	Adrian Quist	George Worthington	6–3, 6–0, 6–4
1949	Geoff Brown	Bill Sidwell	8–6, 6–1, 6–2
1950	Frank Sedgman	Arthur Larsen	6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1951	Frank Sedgman	Ian Ayre	6–2, 6–1, 6–2
1952	Frank Sedgman	Mervyn Rose	11–9, 6–2, 0–6, 2–6, 6–1
1953	Lew Hoad	Rex Hartwig	6–4, 6–1, 6–2
1954	Lew Hoad	Rex Hartwig	6–4, 6–4, 0–6, 0–6, 6–1
1955	Ken Rosewall	Ashley Cooper	6–8, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1956	Ashley Cooper	Lew Hoad	5–7, 7–5, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4
1957	Roy Emerson	Neale Fraser	6–3, 6–2, 6–2
1958	Ashley Cooper	Mal Anderson	6–3, 1–6, 6–1, 6–4
1959	Roy Emerson	Neale Fraser	6–1, 6–2, 1–6, 6–3
1960	Roy Emerson	Bob Hewitt	14–12, 6–0, 6–3
1961^[17]	Rod Laver	Roy Emerson	4–6, 4–6, 6–0, 8–6, 6–3
1962	Bob Hewitt	Rod Laver	1–6, 6–3, 6–4, 1–6, 7–5
1963	Roy Emerson	Fred Stolle	6–3, 5–7, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1
1964	Fred Stolle	Roy Emerson	6–3, 8–6, 3–6, 4–6, 7–5
1965	Arthur Ashe	Roy Emerson	3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1966	Roy Emerson	Fred Stolle	4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
1967	Roy Emerson	John Newcombe	9–7, 3–6, 6–4, 4–6, 7–5
Open era
1968	Arthur Ashe	Stan Smith	6–4, 1–6, 9–7, 4–6, 7–5
1969	Ray Ruffels	Allan Stone	8–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3
1970	Bob Giltinan	Ross Case	6–3, 6–0, 2–6, 6–2
1971	Mal Anderson	John Cooper	6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 7–6
1972	Ken Rosewall	Geoff Masters	6–2, 5–7, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5
1973	Syd Ball	Ross Case	4–6, 6–4, 6–1, 2–6, 6–1
1974	Bob Giltinan	Ulrich Marten	6–3, 7–6
1975	Mal Anderson	Mark Edmondson	3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
1976	Mal Anderson	Tim Wilkison	6–4, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4
1977	Keith Hancock	Jeff Twist	7–6, 7–6, 7–6
1978	Dale Collings	Victor Eke	7–6, 6–4, 6–4
1979	Dale Collings	Chris Kachel	7–6, 6–7, 6–3, 3–6, 10–8
1980	Mike Estep	John Fitzgerald	6–3, 3–6, 6–4
1981	Chris Johnstone	Phil Dent	6–4, 6–4
1982	Charlie Fancutt	Pat Cash	7–6, 6–3
1984–86	Not held
1987	Kelly Evernden	Eric Jelen	3–6, 6–1, 6–1
1988	Tim Mayotte	Marty Davis	6–4, 6–4
1989	Nicklas Kroon	Mark Woodforde	4–6, 6–2, 6–4
1990	Brad Gilbert	Aaron Krickstein	6–3, 6–1
1991	Gianluca Pozzi	Aaron Krickstein	6–3, 7–6
1992	Guillaume Raoux	Kenneth Carlsen	6–4, 7–6

Men's doubles

Year	Champions	Runners-up	Score
1987	Matt Anger Kelly Evernden	Broderick Dyke Wally Masur	7–6, 6–2
1988	Eric Jelen Carl-Uwe Steeb	Grant Connell Glenn Michibata	6–4, 6–1
1989	Darren Cahill Mark Kratzmann	Broderick Dyke Simon Youl	6–4, 5–7, 6–0
1990	Jason Stoltenberg Todd Woodbridge	Brian Garrow Mark Woodforde	2–6, 6–4, 6–4
1991	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	John Fitzgerald Glenn Michibata	7–6, 6–3
1992	Steve DeVries David Macpherson	Patrick McEnroe Jonathan Stark	6–4, 6–4

Women's singles

Notes: * The 1923 edition of the women's singles event was combined with the 1923 Australasian Championships.

Year	Champions	Runners-up	Score
1889	May Davis Quinnel	Miss Earle	6–1, 6–0
1890	May Davis Quinnel	Miss Earle	6–2, 6–4
1891	Miss Lee	May Davis Quinnel	7–5, 6–2
1892	Miss McGregor	Mabel Taylor	6–3, 6–2
1893	Mabel Taylor	Miss Wallace	6–3, 6–2
1894	Mary Pugh	Mabel Taylor	6–2, 6–3
1895	Amy Pratten	Mary Pugh	6–4, 5–7, 7–5
1896^[18]	Ethel Mant	Amy Pratten	6–2, 6–1
1897	Ethel Mant	Eileen Persse	6–3, 5–7, 6–?
1898	Ethel Mant	Amy Pratten	6–1, 7–9, 6–1
1899	Ethel Mant	Mabel Mant	6–3, 6–3
1900	Ethel Mant	M.Dransfield	6–8, 6–1, 6–1
1901	Mabel Mant	Amy Pratten	6–1, 6–2
1902	Mabel Mant	Ethel Mant	6–3, 6–1
1903	Ethel Mant	Mabel Mant	7–5, 2–6, 6–2
1904	Rose Payten	Ethel Mant	6–0, 6–0
1905	Rose Payten	Ethel Mant	7–5, 6–3
1906	Ethel Mant	Mabel Mant	6–4, 6–3
1907^[19]	Rose Payten	Ethel Mant	6–1, 6–1
1908	Annie Baker	Miss Thomas	6–2, 6–2
1909	Annie Baker	Dute MacKintosh	6–0, 6–0
1910	Dute MacKintosh	May Thurlow	6–1, 6–4
1911	Annie Baker Ford	Dute MacKintosh	6–3, 6–1
1912	Annie Baker Ford	Orea Moustaka Beatty	(final postponed and played in Sydney)
1913	Beryl Spowers	Dorothy Dight	6–0, 6–8, 6–0
1914	Beryl Spowers	Floris St George	6–2, 6–4
1915	Beryl Spowers	Mall Mutch	2–6, 6–1, 6–2
1916	No competition (due to World War I)
1917	No competition (due to World War I)
1918	Beryl Spowers Turner	Miss Campbell	7–5 6–3
1919	Annie Baker Ford	Nellie Halley	6–1, 6–4
1920	Annie Baker Ford	Beryl Spowers Turner	6–0, 6–2
1921	Annie Gray	Nell Lloyd	2–6, 6–2, 9–7
1922	Margaret Molesworth	Beryl Spowers Turner	6–3, 6–2
1923^[20]	Margaret Molesworth	Esna Boyd	6–1, 7–5 *
1924	Margaret Molesworth	Beryl Spowers Turner	6–4, 8–6
1925	Meryl O'Hara Wood	Beryl Spowers Turner	3–6, 6–2, 6–2
1926	Beryl Spowers Turner	Meryl O'Hara Wood	6–3, 6–1
1927	Margaret Molesworth	Marjorie Cox	6–4, 9–7
1928	Marjorie Cox	Margaret Molesworth	6–3, 6–3
1929	Margaret Molesworth	Emily Hood	6–3, 6–1
1930	Margaret Molesworth	Emily Hood	7–5, 6–4
1931	Margaret Molesworth	Emily Hood Westacott	6–1, 6–3
1932	Emily Hood Westacott	Margaret Molesworth	4–6, 6–4, 6–1
1933	Margaret Molesworth	Marjorie Cox Crawford	6–2, 6–2
1934	Emily Hood Westacott	Joan Hartigan	9–7, 6–0
1935	May Hardcastle	Flo Francisco	6–2, 6–2
1936	Nancye Wynne	Joan Hartigan	7–5, 6–1
1937	May Hardcastle	Emily Hood Westacott	6–0, 2–6, 6–0
1938^[21]	Emily Hood Westacott	May Hardcastle	6–2, 6–4
1939	May Hardcastle	Thelma Coyne	6–3, 6–0
1940	May Hardcastle	Emily Hood Westacott	4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1941–45	Not held (due to world war two)
1946	Pat Jones	May Hardcastle	6–3, 6–2
1947	Thelma Coyne Long	Pat Jones	6–2, 6–2
1948	Lavina Singleton Mills	Heather Hargraves	6–2, 9–7
1949	Lavina Singleton Mills	Edie Niemeyer Finney	6–2, 6–1
1950	Lavina Singleton Mills	Jill Ritchie	6–0, 6–3
1951	Lavina Singleton Mills	Edie Niemeyer Finney	1–6, 6–3, 6–2
1952	Lavina Singleton Mills	Mary Schultz	6–0, 4–6, 6–2
1953	Fay Muller	Daphne Seeney	3–6, 6–4, 6–2
1954	Thelma Long	Mary Carter	6–2, 6–2
1955	Mary Carter	Daphne Seeney	6–2, 3–6, 6–1
1956	Mary Carter	Margaret Hellyer	4–6, 6–2, 7–5
1957	Angela Mortimer	Lorraine Coghlan	7–5, 6–3
1958	Daphne Seeney Fancutt	Sandra Reynolds	7–5, 6–1
1959	Jan Lehane	Christine Truman	6–2, 6–1
1960	Margaret Smith	Lesley Turner	10–8, 6–1
1961	Abandoned (due to wash out in semi finals)
1962	Margaret Smith	Jan Lehane	6–3, 6–4
1963	Margaret Smith	Lesley Turner	6–3, 6–2
1964	Margaret Smith	Lesley Turner	11–9, 6–1
1965	Margaret Smith	Lesley Turner	6–2, 6–3
1966	Lesley Turner	Kerry Melville	6–0, 8–6
1967	Kerry Melville	Lesley Turner	6–2, 6–4
Open era
1968	Karen Krantzcke	Kerry Melville	6–3, 6–4
1969	Winnie Shaw	Karen Krantzcke	11–9, 6–4
1970	Evonne Goolagong	Kris Kemmer	6–3, 6–2
1971	Evonne Goolagong	Helen Gourlay	6–2, 7–6
1972	Evonne Goolagong	Glynis Coles	6–0, 7–5
1973	Janet Young	Kazuko Sawamatsu	6–1, 6–4
1974	Evonne Goolagong	Cynthia Doerner	6–1, 6–2
1975	Nina Bohm	Nerida Gregory	6–1, 6–1
1976	Susan Leo	Donna Kelly	7–5, 7–6
1977	Regina Maršíková	Helena Anliot	6–1, 3–6, 6–4
1978	Sue Barker	Chris O'Neil	6–1, 6–3
1979	Linda Cassell	M. Earle	6–1, 4–6, 6–1
1980	Elizabeth Sayers	Sue Barker	6–2, 6–1
1981	Chris O'Neil	Keryn Pratt	6–3. 7–5
1982	Wendy Turnbull	Pam Shriver	6–3, 6–1
1983	Pam Shriver	Wendy Turnbull	6–4, 7–5
1984	Helena Suková	Elizabeth Sayers Smylie	6–4, 6–4
1985	Martina Navratilova	Pam Shriver	6–3, 7–5
1986	Not held (due to the change in tournament dates for the Australian season)
1987	Hana Mandlíková	Pam Shriver	6–2, 6–4
1988	Pam Shriver	Jana Novotná	7–6, 7–6
1989	Helena Suková	Brenda Schultz	7–6, 7–6
1990	Natasha Zvereva	Rachel McQuillan	6–4, 6–0
1991	Helena Suková	Akiko Kijimuta	6–4, 6–3
1992	Nicole Provis	Rachel McQuillan	6–3, 6–2
1993	Conchita Martínez	Magdalena Maleeva	6–3, 6–4
1994	Lindsay Davenport	Florencia Labat	6–1, 2–6, 6–3

References

↑ "Tennis Body Wants Top Women Stars". news.google.com. The Sydney Morning Herald - Nov 16, 1971. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Championships". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. WAIRARAPA DAILY TIMES, VOLUME LXV, ISSUE 11760, 25 AUGUST 1913. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Tennis in Queensland". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXX, ISSUE 21676, 16 DECEMBER 1933. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Championships 1888". tennisarchives.com. Tennis Archives. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Championships 1892". tennisarchives.com. Tennis Archives. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Lawn Tennis, Brisbane, Sunday". news.google.com. The Sydney Morning Herald - Aug 31, 1896. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Championships 1900". tennisarchives.com. Tennis Archives. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Interstate Tennis". news.google.com. The Age - Nov 18, 1904. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Championships 1907". tennisarchives.com. Tennis Archives. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Tennis Queensland Championships". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. West Coast Times, 19 August 1912. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Tennis Queensland Championships". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Evening Post, Volume CIX, Issue 28, 3 February 1930. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Australian Tennis". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Auckland Star, Volume LIV, Issue 198, 20 August 1923. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Win for Crawford". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Evening Post, Volume CXVIII, ISSUE 121, 19 November 1934. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Australian Tennis Queensland Tourney". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. New Zealand Herald, Volume LXXII, Issue 22276, 26 November 1935. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Final". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Auckland Star, Volume LXVIII, Issue 260, 2 November 1937. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Tennis". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. New Zealand Herald, Volume LXXV, Issue 23200, 21 November 1938. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Laver Clips Emerson for AM Tennis Title". news.google.com. Ocala Star-Banner - Jan 16, 1962. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Lawn Tennis, Brisbane, Sunday". news.google.com. The Sydney Morning Herald - Aug 31, 1896. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Lawn Tennis". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Press, Volume LXIII, Issue 12892, 26 August 1907. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Australian Tennis". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. AUCKLAND STAR, VOLUME LIV, ISSUE 198, 20 AUGUST 1923. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
↑ "Queensland Tennis". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. NEW ZEALAND HERALD, VOLUME LXXV, ISSUE 23200, 21 NOVEMBER 1938. Retrieved 13 October 2016.

Notes

Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack And Tournament Guide, 1908 to 1938, A. Wallis Myers.
British Lawn Tennis and Squash Magazine, 1948 to 1967, British Lawn Tennis Ltd, UK.
Dunlop Lawn Tennis Almanack And Tournament Guide, G.P. Hughes, 1939 to 1958, Dunlop Sports Co. Ltd, UK
Lawn tennis and Badminton Magazine, 1906 to 1973, UK.
Lowe's Lawn Tennis Annuals and Compendia, Lowe, Sir F. Gordon, Eyre & Spottiswoode
Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annuals from 1885 to 1922, American Sports Pub. Co, USA.
The World of Tennis Annuals, Barrett John, 1970 to 2001.

External links

ATP World Series (1990–1999)

1990–99: San Francisco/San Jose; Kiawah Island/Charlotte/Birmingham/Pinehurst/Orlando; Munich; Estoril; Genoa/St. Polten; London; 's-Hertogenbosch; Newport; Gstaad; Båstad; Hilversum/Amsterdam; Los Angeles; Umag; Long Island; Moscow; Basel; Lyon; Adelaide; Wellington; Sydney Outdoor; Auckland; Orlando/Atlanta; Hong Kong; Bologna; San Marino; Palermo; Prague; Toulouse

1990: Memphis; Rio de Janeiro; Sanremo; Wembley; Itaparica
1990–91: Geneva; Berlin
1990–92/1996: Singapore
1990/1992–99: Casablanca
1990–92: Milan; Guaruja; Brisbane
1990–94: Manchester; Florence; Schenectady; Athens; Madrid
1990–95: Nice; Bordeaux; Vienna
1990–96: Seoul; Tel Aviv
1990–98: Rotterdam; Kitzbühel
1991: Brasília; Birmingham, UK
1991–92: Buzios
1991–93: São Paulo; Tampa
1991–99: Copenhagen
1992: Maceió; Cologne
1992–93: Bolzano; Taipei
1992–94: Antwerp
1992–95: Johannesburg/Durban/Sun City
1992–97: Scottsdale
1993–94: Zaragoza; Osaka
1993–95: Kuala Lumpur
1993–96: Jakarta
1993–99: Doha; Delray Beach; Santiago/Viña del Mar; Marseille; Buenos Aires; Halle; Beijing; Bucharest; Birmingham, USA; Dubai; Mexico City
1994: Oahu
1994–95: Montevideo
1994–97: Ostrava; Bogotá
1995–96: Bermuda; Porto
1995–99: Valencia/Marbella; Nottingham; Stockholm; St. Petersburg
1996–99: Chennai; Shanghai; Stuttgart Outdoor; Zagreb; Bournemouth/Brighton
1997-99: Boston; Tashkent

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