IBM Quantum Experience

Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm programmed using IBM's Quantum Composer.
A screen shot of Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm programmed into IBM's Quantum Composer.

The IBM Quantum Experience (QX) enables anyone to easily connect to IBM’s quantum processor via the IBM Cloud, to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing. It is an example of cloud based quantum computing. The QX also hosts an internet forum for users to interact.

IBM’s quantum processor is made up of superconducting transmon qubits, located in a dilution refrigerator at the IBM Research headquarters at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center.

Users interact with the quantum processor through the quantum circuit model of computation, applying quantum gates on the qubits using a GUI called the quantum composer, writing quantum assembly language code[1] or through a Python API.[2]

History

In May 2016, IBM launched QX,[3] with a five qubit quantum processor and matching simulator connected in a star shaped pattern, which users could only interact with through the quantum composer, with a limited set of two-qubit interactions, and a user guide that assumed background in linear algebra.

In July 2016, IBM launched the QX community forum.

In January 2017, IBM made a number of additions to the QX,[4] including increasing the set of two-qubit interactions available on the five qubit quantum processor, expanding the simulator to custom topologies up to twenty qubits, and allowing users to interact with the device and simulator using quantum assembly language code.

In March 2017, IBM released a Python API and SDK[5] to enable users to more easily write code and run experiments on the quantum processor and simulator, as well as introduced a user guide for beginners.

In May 2017, IBM made an additional 16 qubit processor available on QX through a beta program.[6]


Quantum Composer

A screenshot showing a result from running a quantum score through IBM's Quantum simulation software.

The Quantum Composer is a graphic user interface (GUI) designed by IBM to allow users to construct various quantum algorithms. Users may see the results of their quantum algorithms by either running it through a simulation or queuing in line and using "units" to use IBM's quantum computer. Algorithms developed in the Quantum Composer are referred to as a "quantum score", in reference to the Quantum Composer resembling a musical sheet.[7]

IBM's Quantum Experience currently contains a library teaching users how to use the Quantum Composer. The library consists of three guides: Beginner's Guide, Full User Guide, and Developers Guide.

Beginner's Guide

The Beginner's Guide introduces users to the terminology and conceptual knowledge of quantum mechanics needed to compose quantum scores. The beginners guide introduces readers to the elementary concepts of quantum computing: behavior of quibits, quantum entanglement, and quibit gates.

Full User Guide

The full user guide is more in depth and analytical compared to the beginner's guide, and is recommended for those with experience in linear algebra or quantum computing. Unlike the beginners guide, the full user guide contains quantum algorithm examples, with explanations comparing quantum algorithms to their classical counterparts.[8] Currently as of 7/4/2017, the full user guide is incomplete.[9]

Usage

IBM reports that there are over 40,000 users of the QX, who have collectively run over 275,000 experiments.[10]

Many of these users are active researchers who have collectively published at least 15 academic papers using the platform. [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]

University professors are also integrating examples and experiments based on the IBM Quantum Experience into their educational curricula. [26]

Dr. Christine Corbett Moran, a postdoctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology, used the QX while she was doing research[27] in Antarctica.

People have also used the IBM Quantum Experience for various non-academic purposes. One ingenuitive user has begun developing games[28] using the Quantum Experience, including one titled "quantum battleships".[29]

References

  1. ↑ "QISKit OPENQASM Specification".
  2. ↑ "QISKit Python API".
  3. ↑ "IBM Makes Quantum Computing Available on IBM Cloud to Accelerate Innovation".
  4. ↑ "IBM Quantum Experience Update".
  5. ↑ "Quantum computing gets an API and SDK".
  6. ↑ "Beta access our upgrade to the IBM QX".
  7. ↑ "IBM Q experience". Quantum Experience. IBM. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  8. ↑ "Welcome to the IBM Quantum Experience". Quantum Experience. IBM. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "Coming soon...". Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  10. ↑ "IBM Q". Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  11. ↑ Rundle, R.P.; Tilma, T.; Samson, J.H.; Everitt, M.J. (28 May 2016). "Quantum state reconstruction made easy: a direct method for tomography". arXiv:1605.08922 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  12. ↑ Corbett Moran, Christine (29 June 2016). "Quintuple: a Python 5-qubit quantum computer simulator to facilitate cloud quantum computing". arXiv:1606.09225 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  13. ↑ Huffman, Emilie; Mizel, Ari (29 March 2017). "Violation of noninvasive macrorealism by a superconducting qubit: Implementation of a Leggett-Garg test that addresses the clumsiness loophole". Physical Review A. 95 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.032131.
  14. ↑ Deffner, Sebastian (23 September 2016). "Demonstration of entanglement assisted invariance on IBM's Quantum Experience". arXiv:1609.07459 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  15. ↑ Huang, He-Liang; Zhao, You-Wei; Li, Tan; Li, Feng-Guang; Du, Yu-Tao; Fu, Xiang-Qun; Zhang, Shuo; Wang, Xiang; Bao, Wan-Su (9 December 2016). "Homomorphic Encryption Experiments on IBM's Cloud Quantum Computing Platform". arXiv:1612.02886 Freely accessible [cs.CR].
  16. ↑ Wootton, James R (1 March 2017). "Demonstrating non-Abelian braiding of surface code defects in a five qubit experiment". Quantum Science and Technology. 2 (1): 015006. doi:10.1088/2058-9565/aa5c73.
  17. ↑ Fedortchenko, Serguei (8 July 2016). "A quantum teleportation experiment for undergraduate students". arXiv:1607.02398 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  18. ↑ Berta, Mario; Wehner, Stephanie; Wilde, Mark M (6 July 2016). "Entropic uncertainty and measurement reversibility". New Journal of Physics. 18 (7): 073004. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073004.
  19. ↑ Li, Rui; Alvarez-Rodriguez, Unai; Lamata, Lucas; Solano, Enrique (23 November 2016). "Approximate Quantum Adders with Genetic Algorithms: An IBM Quantum Experience". arXiv:1611.07851 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  20. ↑ Hebenstreit, M.; Alsina, D.; Latorre, J. I.; Kraus, B. (11 January 2017). "Compressed quantum computation using the IBM Quantum Experience". arXiv:1701.02970 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  21. ↑ Alsina, Daniel; Latorre, José Ignacio (11 July 2016). "Experimental test of Mermin inequalities on a five-qubit quantum computer". Physical Review A. 94 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.012314.
  22. ↑ Linke, Norbert M.; Maslov, Dmitri; Roetteler, Martin; Debnath, Shantanu; Figgatt, Caroline; Landsman, Kevin A.; Wright, Kenneth; Monroe, Christopher (28 March 2017). "Experimental comparison of two quantum computing architectures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3305–3310. doi:10.1073/pnas.1618020114.
  23. ↑ Devitt, Simon J. (29 September 2016). "Performing quantum computing experiments in the cloud". Physical Review A. 94 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032329.
  24. ↑ Steiger, Damian; Haner, Thomas; Troyer, Matthias (23 December 2016). "ProjectQ: An Open Source Software Framework for Quantum Computing". arXiv:1612.08091 Freely accessible [quant-ph].
  25. ↑ Santos, Alan C. (2017). "O Computador Quântico da IBM e o IBM Quantum Experience". Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física. 39 (1). doi:10.1590/1806-9126-RBEF-2016-0155.
  26. ↑ Sheldon, Sarah (10 June 2016). "Students try hand at cracking quantum code".
  27. ↑ Nay, Chris (26 July 2016). "Quantum Experiences: Q&A with Caltech’s Christine Corbett Moran".
  28. ↑ Wootton, James (12 March 2017). "Why we need to make quantum games".
  29. ↑ Wootton, James (7 March 2017). "Quantum Battleships: The first multiplayer game for a quantum computer".
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