Pyrgulopsis

Pyrgulopsis
Apertural view of a shell of †Pyrgulopsis nevadensis.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Caenogastropoda

clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha

Superfamily: Rissooidea
Family: Hydrobiidae
Subfamily: Nymphophilinae
Genus: Pyrgulopsis
Call & Pilsbry, 1886[1]
Diversity[2][3]
133 species

Pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.

Etymology

The name Pyrgulopsis is composed from Pyrgula and opsis = aspect of.[1]

Shell description

Generic characters of the genus Pyrgulopsis are: the shell is minute, conically turreted, somewhat elongated, imperforate and unicarinate. The apex is acute. The aperture is ovate. The peritreme is continuous.[1]

The operculum is ovate, thin, corneous and spiral, with polar point well forward and approximating the columella.[1]

Anatomy

The jaw is thin and membranaceous.[1]

The radula is like this: Odontophore with teeth are arranged in transverse rows, according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3. Formula for denticles of rhachidian:[1]

 4 + 1 + 4⁄1 + 1.

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Pyrgulopsis includes Western and South-western United States.[1]

Habitat

Snails of species in the genus Pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water.[1]

Species

Shells of Pyrgulopsis deserta.
A shell of Pyrgulopsis neomexicana.

Pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2014, 137 species were recognized in this genus.[4]

Species in the genus Pyrgulopsis include:[5]

Eastern North American species of Pyrgulopsis[19] are considered to be in separate genus Marstonia according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002).[20]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[1]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Call R. E. & Pilsbry H. A. (1886). "On Pyrgulopsis, a new genus of rissoid mollusk, with description of two new forms". Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences V.: 9-14.
  2. 1 2 3 Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". Zootaxa 2343: 1–17, 8 plates. preview
  3. 1 2 3 Hershler R., Liu H.-P. & Lang B. K. (2010). "Transfer of Cochliopa texana to Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) and description of a third congener from the lower Pecos River basin". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(3): 245-256. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq002.
  4. ↑ Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Howard, Jeanette (August 2014). "Springsnails: A New Conservation Focus in Western North America". BioScience. 64 (8): 693. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu100.
  5. ↑ Pyrgulopsis, Integrated Taxonomic Information System, accessed 24 July 2009.
  6. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis anguina". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  7. ↑ Hershler R. & Gustafson D. L. (2001). "First record for springsnails (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from the northern Rocky Mountains". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (2001) 114: 297–308.
  8. ↑ Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Gustafson, Daniel L. (November 2008). "A second species of Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) from the Missouri River basin, with molecular evidence supporting faunal origin through Pliocene stream capture across the northern continental divide". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 74 (4): 403–413. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn028. Retrieved June 22, 2017. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
  9. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis chamberlini". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Spring Mountains Pyrg". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  11. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis fusca". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  13. 1 2 3 Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Bradford, Corbin (9 September 2013). "Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners". ZooKeys. 330: 27–52. doi:10.3897/zookeys.330.5852. Retrieved June 21, 2017. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
  14. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis nonaria". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis saxatilis". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis transversa". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  17. ↑ "Southeast Nevada Pyrg". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  18. ↑ "Pyrgulopsis variegata". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  19. ↑ Hershler R. (1994). "A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 554: 1-115. PDF.
  20. ↑ Marstonia http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each Marstonia species.)

Further reading

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