Putonghua Proficiency Test
| Putonghua Proficiency Test | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 普通話水平測試 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 普通话水平测试 | ||||||
| |||||||
The Putonghua Proficiency Test or Putonghua Shuiping Ceshi (PSC) is an official test of spoken fluency in Standard Chinese intended for native speakers of varieties of Chinese. The test was developed in October 1994 by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, the Institute of Applied Linguistics at Beijing Language and Culture University and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television.[1] Specified standards of achievement in the test are required for many jobs in broadcasting, education and government.[2]
The test consists of five sections:[1][3]
- Reading 100 monosyllabic words to test pronunciation. (10%)
- Reading 100 polysyllabic words to test pronunciation. (20%)
- Reading out the correct form from several choices, to test vocabulary and syntax. (10%)
- Reading a 400-character passage to test fluency. (30%)
- Speaking for three minutes on a topic chosen from two supplied by the examiners. (30%)
Candidates who pass the test are given a Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Level at levels 1, 2 or 3, each of which is subdivided into grades A and B:[4][5]
- Level 1-A (97% correct) is required for presenters in national and provincial radio and television.[4]
- Level 1-B (92% correct) is required for Chinese-language teachers in northern China.[3]
- Level 2-A (87% correct) is required for Chinese-language teachers in southern China.[3]
- Level 2-B (80% correct) is required for Chinese teachers teaching other languages in China.
- Level 3-A (70% correct)
- Level 3-B (60% correct) is required for civil service jobs.[3]
By 2010, the test had been taken more than 35 million times. As it requires strict adherence to the phonology of Standard Chinese, including such features as retroflex initials, erhua and weak syllables, the test gives an advantage to native speakers of the Beijing dialect and closely related varieties over speakers of varieties lacking these features.[4]
See also
- Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, for non-native speakers, has a spoken component in addition to written and listening components.
References
- 1 2 "Content and format of the Test". Hong Kong Putonghua Education and Assessment Centre, University of Hong Kong. 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
- ↑ Liang, Sihua (2014). Language Attitudes and Identities in Multilingual China: A Linguistic Ethnography. Springer International. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-3-319-12618-0.
- 1 2 3 4 Ho, Kwok-cheung (2012). Comparison of tasks employed in Mandarin Chinese proficiency tests for natives conducted in China and that in Hong Kong: One Country Two Systems (PDF). International Conference on Language Proficiency Testing in the Less Commonly Taught Languages. Bangkok.
- 1 2 3 Zhang, Qing (2013). "Language Policy and Ideology: Greater China". In Bayley, Robert; Cameron, Richard; Lucas, Ceil. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford University Press. pp. 563–586. ISBN 978-0-199-34407-9. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0028.
- ↑ "China Language Law" (PDF). LILAMA Network. Retrieved 3 April 2016.