Fluphenazine

Fluphenazine
Clinical data
Trade names Prolixin, Modecate, Moditen others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a682172
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		 by mouth, IM, depot injection (fluphenazine decanoate)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 2.7% (by mouth)
Metabolism unclear[1]
Biological half-life IM 15 hours (HCL), 7-10 days (decanoate)[1]
Excretion Urine, faeces
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.639
Chemical and physical data
Formula C22H26F3N3OS
Molar mass 437.523 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
  (verify)

Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is an antipsychotic medication.[1] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia,[1][2] and appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics like chlorpromazine.[3] It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.[1] There is also a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.[1]

Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, depression and increased weight.[1] Serious side effects may include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, low white blood cell levels, and the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia.[1] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying.[1] It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production, enlarged breasts in males, impotence, and the absence of menstrual periods.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class.[1] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to block dopamine receptors.[1]

Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.[4] The injectable form is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United States the tablets costs between 0.22 and 0.42 USD per day for a typical dose.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world of the long acting form is between 0.20 and 6.20 USD per injection as of 2014.[6] It was discontinued in Australia around mid 2017.[7]

Other animals

In horses, it is sometimes given by injection as an anxiety-relieving medication, though there are many negative common side effects and it is forbidden by many equestrian competition organizations.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "fluphenazine decanoate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Product Information: Modecate (Fluphenazine Decanoate Oily Injection)" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  3. ↑ Tardy, M; Huhn, M; Engel, RR; Leucht, S (Aug 3, 2014). "Fluphenazine versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 8: CD009230. PMID 25087165. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009230.pub2.
  4. ↑ McPherson, Edwin M. (2007). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 1680. ISBN 9780815518563.
  5. ↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  6. ↑ "Fluphenazine Decanoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  7. ↑ Rossi, S, ed. (July 2017). "Fluphenazine - Australian Medicines Handbook". Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide, Australia: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  8. ↑ Loving, DVM, Nancy S. (31 March 2012). "Effects of Behavior-Modifying Drug Investigated (AAEP 2011)". TheHorse.com. The Horse Media Group. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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