Sirindhorn

Sirindhorn สิรินธร
Princess Royal of Thailand
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
Born	(1955-04-02) 2 April 1955 Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Bangkok, Thailand
House	Mahidol (Chakri Dynasty)
Father	King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)
Mother	Sirikit Kitiyakara
Religion	Buddhism
Signature

Thai Royal Family
HM The King HRH Princess Bajrakitiyabha HRH Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana HRH Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti
HM The Queen Dowager HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn HRH Princess Chulabhorn Walailak HRH Princess Siribhachudabhorn HRH Princess Aditayadornkitikhun Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya Khun Ploypailin Jensen Khun Sirikitiya Jensen
HRH Princess Soamsawali
Thanphuying Dhasanawalaya Sornsongkram

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (Thai: มหาจักรีสิรินธร, Thai pronunciation: [mā.hǎː t͡ɕàk.krīː sì.rīn.tʰɔ̄ːn]; rtgs: Maha Chakkri Sirinthon), born Princess Sirindhorn Debaratanasuda Kitivadhanadulsobhak (Thai: สิรินธรเทพรัตนสุดา กิติวัฒนาดุลโสภาคย์; rtgs: Sirinthontheppharattanasuda Kitiwatthanadunlasophak) on 2 April 1955 is the second daughter of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.^[1]

Her full ceremonial title is Somdech Phra Debaratanarajasuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Rathasimagunakornpiyajat Sayamboromrajakumari^[2] (สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา เจ้าฟ้ามหาจักรีสิรินธร รัฐสีมาคุณากรปิยชาติ สยามบรมราชกุมารี; rtgs: Somdet Phra Theppharat Rat Suda Chao Fa Maha Chakkri Sirinthon Ratthasima Khunakon Piyachat Sayam Borommaratchakumari), which was bestowed upon her on 5 December 1977. Thais commonly refer to her by reducing such title to "Phra Thep", meaning "princess angel". Her title in Thai is the female equivalent of the title once held by her brother, King Maha Vajiralongkorn.^[3] The Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession, thus making her eligible for the throne.^[4]

Having been the eldest female child of the royal family (excluding Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya, who married a foreign commoner), her position was comparable to a princess royal.^[5]

Early life

Birth

Sirindhorn was born on 2 April 1955 at Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace. The third child of King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit. As the royal couple has only one son, the Thai constitution was altered in 1974 to allow for female succession. This made Sirindhorn second-in-line to the throne (after Vajiralongkorn) until the birth of Princess Bajrakitiyabha in 1978.

In December 2012, Sirindhorn was briefly hospitalised to remove calcium deposits.^[6]

Early education

Sirindhorn attended Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary at Thailand's most exclusive school: The Chitralada Palace School which was established for the children of the Royal Family and Palace staff.^[7]

She ranked first in the National School Examinations in primary level (grade 7) in 1967, in upper secondary level (grade 12) in 1972, and fourth in the National University Entrance Examination in 1975.^[8]

Higher education

In 1975 she enrolled in the faculty of arts at Chulalongkorn University and graduated with a BA degree, first-class honours and a gold medal in history in 1976.^[8]

From 1976 she continued her studies in two graduate programs concurrently, obtaining an MA in Oriental epigraphy (Sanskrit and Cambodian) in 1980^[8] and also archaeology from Silpakorn University and in 1980. In 1978, she obtained an MA in Sanskrit and Pali from Chulalongkorn University.^[7]

In 1981 she enrolled in a doctoral program at Srinakharinwirot University, and was awarded a PhD in developmental education in 1987.^[8]

In 1984 she earned a certificate from the Asian Regional Remote Sensing Training Centre at the Asian Institute of Technology where she studied for two months.^[9]

In April 2001 she won a scholarship in Chinese culture at Peking University in China where she studied the course for a month.^[10]

Works and interests

Aside from her passion for technology, she holds degrees in history and a doctorate in educational development. She teaches at the history department of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, where she is the nominal head of the department. In addition to Thai, she speaks fluent English, French, and Mandarin Chinese and is currently studying German and Latin.^[2]

She is also a skilled performer and avid promoter of Thai traditional music.

Like her father Bhumibol Adulyadej, Princess Sirindhorn holds radio amateur with the call sign HS1D ^[11]

Scholarship

The University of Liverpool introduced a prestigious new scholarship in honour of Sirindhorn. One full scholarship will be awarded annually to enable a Thai student to study at Liverpool to complete a one-year taught Masters programme. The scholarship is open to all subjects in which a one-year taught Masters programme is offered; however, priority will be given to those students who wish to study in a subject area associated with HRH Princess Sirindhorn such as science, information technology, medicine, the arts, geography, history, and languages. To be eligible for the scholarship, applicants must be a Thai national and already hold an offer to study a one-year taught Masters programme at the University of Liverpool.

Titles, styles, honours and awards

Styles of Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand
Reference style	Her Royal Highness
Spoken style	Your Royal Highness
Alternative style	Ma'am

Titles

• 2 April 1955 – 5 December 1977: Her Royal Highness Princess Sirindhorn Debaratanasuda
• 5 December 1977 – Present: Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Princess Royal of Thailand

Style

The Princess' style and title in full: Her Royal Highness Princess Somdech Phra Debaratanarajasuda Chao Fa Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Rathasimagunakornpiyajat Sayamboromrajakumari of Thailand^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Honours

National honours

•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri^{[12][13][14][15][16]}
•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of the Nine Gems^[17][18]
•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of Chula Chom Klao^{[17][19][20][21]}
•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the White Elephant^[20][22]
•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Crown of Thailand
•  Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Direkgunabhorn^[20]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej Royal Medal^[23][24][25]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej Rajaruchi Royal Medal
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Freemen Safeguarding Medal, First Class^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Dushdi Mala Medal^[26][27]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Border Service Medal^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Chakra Mala Medal^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Boy Scout Citation Medal, First Class^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Red Cross Medal of Appreciation, First Class^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the King Bhumbibhol Adulyadej Silver Jubilee Medal^[26]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn Investiture Medal
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Bicentennial Medal of the Rattanakosin Kingdom
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 50th Birthday Medal of Queen Sirikit
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 84th Birthday Medal of Princess Mother Srinagarindra
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 60th Birthday Medal of King Bhumibol Adulyadej
•  Thailand: Recipient of the Longest Reign Commemorative Medal
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 60th Birthday Medal of Queen Sirikit
•  Thailand: Recipient of the King Bhumbibhol Adulyadej Golden Jubilee Medal
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 6th Cycle Birthday Medal of King Bhumibol Adulyadej^[27]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 72nd Birthday Medal of Queen Sirikit
•  Thailand: Recipient of the King Bhumbibhol Adulyadej Diamond Jubilee Medal^[20]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 7th Cycle Birthday Medal of King Bhumibol Adulyadej^[20]
•  Thailand: Recipient of the 60th Birthday Medal of Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn

Foreign honours

•  Austria: Grand Cross of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria^[28]
•  Brunei: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Esteemed Family Order of Brunei
•  Denmark: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog
•  France: Commander of Order of Academic Palms, 1st Class
•  Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Special Issue
•  India: Padma Bhushan^[29]
•  Japan: Paulownia Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown
•  North Korea: Grand Officer Order of the National Flag, 1st Class
•  South Korea: Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the Order of Diplomatic Service Merit, 1st Class^[30]
•  Laos: Recipient of the National Gold Medal^[31]
•  Malaysia: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia^[32]
•  Mongolia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star^[33]
• Nepalese Royal Family: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Ojaswi Rajanya
•  Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown^[34][35]
•  Netherlands: Recipient of the King Willem-Alexander Inauguration Medal
•  Pakistan: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crescent of Pakistan^[36][37]
•  Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic^[38][39][40]
•  Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Seraphim^[41]
•  Tonga: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Crown of Tonga^[42][43]
•  Tonga: Recipient of the King George Tupou V Coronation Medal^[43]
•  United Kingdom: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order^[44]

Awards

•  Austria: International Union of Nutritional Sciences Award^[45]
•  China: Chinese Language and Culture Friendship Award^[46]
• Chinese Literature Foundation of Chinese Writers Association: Understanding and Friendship International Literature Award^[10]
•  India: Indira Gandhi Prize^[47]
•  India: Padma Bhushan award for 2017
•  India: World Sanskrit Award
•  Philippines: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service^[48]
• University of Pennsylvania: International Education Leadership Award

Honorary degrees

National

• Chulalongkorn University: Veterinary medicine
• Srinakharinwirot University: Pharmacy
• Thammasat University: Chinese Studies of Humane Letters
• Thammasat University: Environmental Science
• Thammasat University: Technology
• Chiang Mai University: Geography^[49]
• Chiang Mai University: Thai language^[50]
• Chiang Mai University: Botany
• Asian Institute of Technology: Technology^[9][51]
• Burapha University: Public Health
• Burapha University: Information Technology
• Burapha University: Chinese language
• Suranaree University of Technology: Physics
• Khon Kaen University: Agriculture
• Prince of Songkla University: Agriculture
• Ubon Ratchathani University: Geography

Foreign

•  China:
  •  Hong Kong - The University of Hong Kong: Doctor of Letters^[52]
  • Peking University: Chinese language^[53]
•  Japan - Tokai University: Engineering^[54]
•  Philippines - University of the Philippines Los Baños: Law^[55]
•  United States:
  •  California - Pomona College: Doctor of Humane Letters^[56]
  •  Indiana - Indiana University Bloomington: Doctor of Humane Letters^[57]
  •  Illinois - Northern Illinois University: Doctor of Humane Letters^[58]
  •  Maryland - Johns Hopkins University: Doctor of Humane Letters^[59]
  •  Massachusetts - Bay Path University: Doctor of Humane Letters^[60]

Honorary titles

•  China: People’s Friendship Ambassador^[61]
•  United Nations: Special Ambassador of the World Food Programme for School Feeding^[45]
•  UNESCO: UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for "Empowerment of Minority Children through Education and through the Preservation of Their Intangible Cultural Heritage"^[45]

Eponyms

Institutions

National

Because of her interest in foreign cultures, technology, conservation, and education, there are a number of academic and research institutions in Thailand which have been granted permission to use her name, such as:

• Princess Sirindhorn's College, Mueang Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom Province.
• Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre^[62]
• Mahachakri Sirindhorn and Boromrajkumari Building, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.^[63]
• Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok.^[64]
• Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Music Library, Mahidol University, Bangkok
• Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Bangkok.^[65]
• Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok.
• Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Hat Yai, Songkhla Province.
• Sirindhorn Observatory, Chiang Mai University, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province.
• Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor, a Galactic cosmic ray detector at Thailand's highest mountain, Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province.
• Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Onkarak Campus, Nakhon Nayok Province

Foreign

• Sirindhorn Technology and Culture Exchange Center, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.^[10]

Places

• Amphoe Sirindhorn of Ubon Ratchathani Province
• Sirindhorn Dam stops the Dom Noi River in Sirindhorn, Ubon Ratchathani Province.
• Sirindhorn Museum (Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Museum), Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Research Center, Sahatsakhan, Kalasin Province.
• Sirindhorn Observatory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University
• Princess Sirindhorn Stadium, is a sports stadium in Si Racha, Chonburi Province.

Fauna

Several fauna species are named after her, including:

• Eurochelidon sirintarae (Princess Sirindhorn bird or white-eyed river martin), a critically endangered swallow first described in 1968.
• Phricotelphusa sirindhorn (panda crab). It was described in Crustaceana in 1989.
• Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae, a sauropod herbivore dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period. It was described in 1994.
• Sirindhorna khoratensis, a hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous, described in 2015.
• Acanthosquilla sirindhorn (panda mantis shrimp). It was described in Crustaceana in 1995.
• Streptocephalus sirindhornae, a freshwater fairy shrimp. It was described in the Journal of Crustacean Biology in 2000.
• Macrobrachium sirindhorn, a freshwater prawn. It was described in Crustaceana in 2001.
• Trigona sirindhornae, a bee.
• Sirindhorn thailandiensis (princess moth).
• Loxosomatoides sirindhornae, a freshwater kamptozoan. It was described in Hydrobiologia in 2005.
• Sirindhorna khoratensis, a herbivore dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period. It was described in 2015.

Flora

Numerous plant species have been named after her:

• Sirindhornia spp., orchids:
  • Sirindhornia pulchella can only be seen in Doi Chiang Dao National Park, blooming from April to June.
  • Sirindhornia mirabilis can only be seen in Doi Hua Mot in Tak Province, blooming during May and June.
  • Sirindhornia monophyla can be seen in Doi Hua Mot in Tak Province from March to June, as well in Myanmar and China.
• Other plant species include:
  • Bauhinia sirindhorniae (sam sip song pra dong), a vine of the pea family. It was described in the Nordic Journal of Botany in 1997.
  • Magnolia sirindhorniae (Princess Sirindhorn's magnolia)
  • Thepparatia thailandica Phuph. or Khruea thepparat malvaceae. Thepparat is a part of her royal title. It was described in the Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) in 2006.^[66]
  • Impatiens sirindhorniae Triboun & Suksathan, 2009. It was described in Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Sirindhorn

16. (=18.) Mongkut               8. (=24.) Chulalongkorn                       17. Debsirindra               4. Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla                             18. (=16.) Mongkut               9. Savang Vadhana                       19. Piam Sucharitakul               2. Bhumibol Adulyadej                                   20. Chum Chukramol               10. Chu Chukramol                       5. Sangwan Talapat                             11. Kham Chukramol                       23. Pha               1. Sirindhorn                                         24. (= 8.) Chulalongkorn               12. Kitiyakara Voralaksana, Prince of Chanthaburi                       25. Uam Bisalayaputra               6. Nakkhatra Mangala, Prince of Chanthaburi II                             26. Devan Uthayavongse, Prince Devavongse Varopakarn               13. Princess Apsarasaman Devakula                       27. Yai Sucharitakul               3. Sirikit Kitiyakara                                   28. Prince Sai Snidvongs               14. Sadan Snidvongs                       29. Khian Sasisamit               7. Bua Snidvongs                             30. Ruai Bunyathon               15. Bang Bunyathon                       31. Wae Na Bangxang

See also

• King Bhumibol Adulyadej

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sirindhorn.

• Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s Personal Affairs Division
• "Biography of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn", at Kanchanapisek Network
• Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and Thai Heritage Conservation
• The Forest Herbarium
• Scholarship Website Information

Sirindhorn Chakri Dynasty Born: 2 April 1955
Thai royalty
Preceded by Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana	Line of succession to the Thai throne 4th position	Succeeded by Princess Chulabhorn Walailak
Order of precedence
Preceded by Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana	The Princess Royal 4th position	Succeeded by Princess Chulabhorn Walailak